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*Citizen X*
Citizen X
	Promotional poster
Genre	Biography; Crime; Drama;
Based on	The Killer Department; by Robert Cullen
Screenplay by	Chris Gerolmo
Directed by	Chris Gerolmo
Starring	Stephen Rea; Donald Sutherland; Max von Sydow; Jeffrey DeMunn; Joss Ackland; John Wood; Ion Caramitru; Imelda Staunton;
Music by	Randy Edelman
Country of origin	United States
Original language	English
Production
Executive producers	Laura Bickford; Matthew Chapman; David R. Ginsburg;
Producer	Timothy Marx
Cinematography	Robert Fraisse
Editor	William Goldenberg
Running time	105 minutes
Production companies	HBO Pictures; Citadel Entertainment;
Original release
Network	HBO
Release	February 25, 1995

Citizen X is a 1995^[1] American television film which covers the efforts of detectives in the Soviet Union to capture an unknown serial killer of women and children in the 1980s, and the bureaucratic obstacles they encounter. The film is based upon the true story of Soviet serial killer Andrei Chikatilo, who was convicted in 1992 of the murder of 52 women and children committed between 1978 and 1990. It stars Stephen Rea, Donald Sutherland, and Max Von Sydow. The film is based on Robert Cullen's non-fiction book The Killer Department, published in 1993.

Plot

A body is discovered on a collective farm during harvesting in 1982. A subsequent search of adjacent woods, authorized by the new forensic specialist, Viktor Burakov, turns up seven more bodies in varying stages of decomposition. The film tells the story of the subsequent eight-year hunt by Burakov for the serial killer responsible for the mutilation and murder of 53 people, 52 of them below the age of 35. Burakov is promoted to detective and eventually aided, covertly at first, by Col. Mikhail Fetisov, his commanding officer and the shrewd head of the provincial committee for crime and much later, by Alexandr Bukhanovsky, a psychiatrist with a particular interest in what he calls "abnormal psychology".

As well as taking on the form of a crime thriller, the movie depicts Soviet propaganda and bureaucracy that contributed to the failure of law enforcement agencies to capture the killer, Andrei Chikatilo, for almost a decade. Chikatilo's crimes were not reported publicly for years. Local politicians were fearful such revelations would have a negative impact on the USSR's image, since serial killers were associated with "decadent, Western" moral corruption.

Chikatilo first came under scrutiny early in the search when he was spotted at a station and found holding a satchel bag containing a knife. He was promptly arrested. Unfortunately, he was shielded from investigation and released due to his membership in the Communist Party. Soviet crime labs erroneously reported that his blood type did not match that found at the murders. All this changed under the political reforms of glasnost and Perestroika and the search for the killer began to make progress.

With the passage of time and easing of political restrictions, Burakov devises a plan to blanket almost all the railroad stations, where the serial killer preys upon the young and unsuspecting, with conspicuous uniformed men to discourage the killer. Three small stations are left unattended, except for undercover agents. Chikatilo is eventually discovered and identified through the diligence of a local, plain-clothes soldier.

Arrested, Andrei Chikatilo is interrogated for seven consecutive days by Gorbunov, a Soviet hardliner who insists that he be the one to extract a confession. Chikatilo will not yield and under pressure from Fetisov and Burakov, Gorbunov agrees to another approach. Psychiatrist Bukhanovsky is introduced into the interview room. He recites from his lengthy analysis and speculation, made three years earlier, of the personality and tendencies of this sexually frustrated killer, whom he had entitled "Citizen X". Bukhanovsky eventually strikes a nerve and a weeping Chikatilo finally admits his guilt and answers specific questions about the details of some murders. Afterwards, Chikatilo leads law enforcement officials to the crime scenes and three undetected graves.

Held in a metal cage during his trial, a wild-eyed Chikatilo is convicted and sentenced to death. The film concludes with Chikatilo being led to a nameless prison chamber and shows him staring in shock at a central drain in the room's floor as a uniformed soldier delivers a pistol shot to the back of the killer's head.

Cast

Stephen Rea as Lieutenant / Colonel Viktor Burakov
Donald Sutherland as Colonel / General Mikhail Fetisov
Jeffrey DeMunn as Andrei Chikatilo
Max von Sydow as Dr. Alexandr Bukhanovsky
Joss Ackland as Bondarchuk
John Wood as Gorbunov
Ion Caramitru as Tatevsky
Imelda Staunton as Ms. Burakova

Production

Locations

The film was shot in Hungary. The station where Chikatilo picks his victims is the Hatvan railway station, northeast of Budapest. The smaller, arched train shelter scene was shot in Nagymaros, Gödöllő, and Szokolya. Several other scenes were shot in the Gödöllő Railway Station.

Director

The film was directed by Chris Gerolmo, who wrote the screenplay (adapted from Robert Cullen's 1993 non-fiction book The Killer Department) in addition to playing a minor role in the film as a militiaman.

Soundtrack

The score for Citizen X was composed and conducted by Randy Edelman. It has been released on CD in the US by Varèse Sarabande.

Reception

Critical reception

Citizen X was met with positive reviews from critics and audiences. It earned an 86% score on the movie review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes.^[2] Scott Weinberg of eFilmCritic.com described it as "Fascinating and absorbing. One of HBO's finest made-for-cable flicks."

Awards and nominations

Year	Award	Category	Nominee(s)	Result	Ref.
1995	CableACE Awards	Movie or Miniseries	Laura Bickford, Matthew Chapman, David R. Ginsburg, Timothy Marx, Webster Stone, and Robert Stone	Nominated	^[3]
		Supporting Actor in a Movie or Miniseries	Jeffrey DeMunn	Won
		Supporting Actor in a Movie or Miniseries	Max von Sydow	Nominated
		Directing a Movie or Miniseries	Chris Gerolmo	Nominated
		Writing a Movie or Miniseries	Chris Gerolmo	Nominated
		Cinematography in a Movie or Miniseries	Robert Fraisse	Nominated
	Cairo International Film Festival	Best Actor	Stephen Rea	Won
	Primetime Emmy Awards	Outstanding Made for Television Movie	Matthew Chapman, Laura Bickford, David R. Ginsburg, and Timothy Marx	Nominated	^[4]
		Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Special	Jeffrey DeMunn	Nominated
		Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Special	Donald Sutherland	Won
		Outstanding Individual Achievement in Directing for a Miniseries or a Special	Chris Gerolmo	Nominated
		Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries or a Special	Chris Gerolmo	Nominated
		Outstanding Individual Achievement in Casting	Joyce Nettles	Nominated
		Outstanding Individual Achievement in Editing for a Miniseries or a Special – Single Camera Production	William Goldenberg	Nominated
	Sitges Film Festival	Best Film	Chris Gerolmo	Won
		Best Director	Chris Gerolmo	Won^[a]
		Best Actor	Stephen Rea	Won
1996	Edgar Allan Poe Awards	Best Television Feature or Miniseries	Chris Gerolmo	Won	^[5]
	Golden Globe Awards	Best Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television		Nominated	^[6]
	Golden Globe Awards	Best Supporting Actor in a Series, Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television	Donald Sutherland	Won	^[6]
	Writers Guild of America Awards	Adapted Long Form	Chris Gerolmo; Based on the book The Killer Department by Robert Cullen	Won	^[7]

Home media

Citizen X has been released on DVD in the US (HBO, region 1 NTSC), Germany (Cargo Records, region 2 PAL), Denmark (Scanbox, region 2 PAL) and the Netherlands (Paradiso Home Entertainment, region 2 PAL). The film received theatrical release in some territories and was exhibited in the widescreen 1.85:1 aspect ratio. Only the German DVD has a widescreen transfer; all others reflect the 1990s 1.33:1 TV aspect ratio, as originally broadcast.