Cinnamomum

Cinnamomum
Cinnamomum verum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Laurales
Family: Lauraceae
Genus: Cinnamomum
Schaeff.
Species

See text

Synonyms
Cinnamomum malabatrum, young leaves, Kerala, India

Cinnamomum is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of Cinnamomum have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark. The genus contains approximately 250 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of South Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia and Oceania/Australasia. The genus includes a great number of economically important trees used to produce the spice of cinnamon.

Habitat

This genus is present in the Himalayas and other mountain areas and is present in tropical and subtropical montane rainforests, in the weed-tree forests, in valleys, and mixed forests of coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved trees, from southern China, India, and Southeast Asia. Some species, such as Cinnamomum camphora, tolerate drought.

Characteristics

All species tested so far are diploid, with the total number of chromosomes being 24.[1] This Lauraceae genus comprises approximately 250 trees and shrubs and most are aromatic. Some trees produce sprouts. The thick, leathery leaves are dark green, lauroid type. Laurophyll or lauroid leaves are characterized by a generous layer of wax, making them glossy in appearance, and narrow, pointed oval in shape with an 'apical mucro', or 'drip tip', which permits the leaves to shed water despite the humidity, allowing respiration from plant.

Mostly, the plants present a distinct odor. Their alternate leaves are ovate-elliptic, with margins entire or occasionally repand, with acute apices and broadly cuneate to subrounded bases. Upper leaf surfaces are shiny green to yellowish-green, while the undersides are opaque and lighter in color. Mature leaves are dark green. Young leaves are reddish brown to yellowish-red. The leaves are glabrous on both surfaces or sparsely puberulent beneath only when young; the leaves are mostly triplinerved or sometimes inconspicuously five-nerved, with conspicuous midrib on both surfaces. The axils of lateral nerves and veins are conspicuously bullate above and dome-shaped. Terminal buds are perulate.

The axillary panicle is 3.5–7 cm long. It is a genus of monoecious species, with hermaphrodite flowers, greenish white, white to yellow are glabrous or downy and pale to yellowish brown. Mostly the flowers are small. The perianth is glabrous or puberulent outside and densely pubescent inside. The purplish-black fruit is an ovate, ellipsoidal or subglobose drupe. The perianth-cup in fruit is cupuliform.

Cinnamomum parthenoxylon and Cinnamomum camphora are large evergreen trees that can grow to 30 m in height with trunks 3 m in diameter, with broadly ovate crowns. Terminal buds are broadly ovoid or globular, and covered with sericeous scales. Bark is yellowish-brown with irregular vertical splits. Branches are light brown, cylindrical, and glabrous.

Cinnamomum tree in a 10th-century Arabic manuscript
Bark of Cinnamomum camphora
Drawing of Cinnamomum iners Reinwardt. ex Blume by J.C.P. Arckenhausen, ~1835
Cinnamomum kotoense inflorescence

The inner bark of several species is used to make the spice cinnamon. Other notable species are C. tamala, used as the herb malabathrum (also called tejpat and Indian bay leaf), and C. camphora, from which camphor is produced.

Accepted species

About 250 species are accepted,[2] including several commercially important ones.

A molecular study found that species from the tropical Americas classed in Cinnamomum were not closely related to the Paleotropical species, and have been reclassified with related species in genus Aiouea.[3]

Species transferred to Camphora:[4]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cinnamomum.
  1. ^ Ravindran, P. N.; K. Nirmal Babu; M. Shylaja (2003). Cinnamon and Cassia: The genus Cinnamomum. CRC Press. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-415-31755-9.
  2. ^ Cinnamomum Schaeff. Plants of the World Online, Kew Science. Accessed 23 August 2022.
  3. ^ Rohde, Randi; Rudolph, Barbara; Ruthe, Kristina; Lorea-Hernández, Francisco G.; de Moraes, Pedro Luis Rodrigues; Li, Jie; Rohwer, Jens G. (2017). "Neither Phoebe nor Cinnamomum – the tetrasporangiate species of Aiouea (Lauraceae)". Taxon. 66 (5): 1085–1111. ISSN 0040-0262.
  4. ^ Yang, Zhi; Liu, Bing; Yang, Yong; Ferguson, David K. (2022). "Phylogeny and taxonomy of Cinnamomum (Lauraceae)". Ecology and Evolution. 12 (10): e9378. Bibcode:2022EcoEv..12E9378Y. doi:10.1002/ece3.9378. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 9526118. PMID 36203627. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Read other articles:

Atol Utirik

Koordinat: 11°16′N 169°47′E / 11.27°N 169.78°E / 11.27; 169.78 Utirik Munisipalitas dan atolNegara Kepulauan MarshallKepulauanRatakLuas • Total2 km2 (0,8 sq mi)Populasi (2011) • Total435 • Kepadatan220/km2 (560/sq mi)Kode ISO 3166-2MH-UTI Atol Utirik adalah salah satu munisipalitas dan atol di Kepulauan Marshall. Menurut sensus 2011, Utirik memiliki luas 2 kilometer persegi dan populasi 435 jiwa....

 

 

Cape Borda

This article is about the headland in South Australia. For the associated locality, see Cape Borda, South Australia. Place in South AustraliaCape BordaSouth AustraliaCape Borda LighthouseCape BordaCoordinates35°44′57.2274″S 136°35′15.612″E / 35.749229833°S 136.58767000°E / -35.749229833; 136.58767000Elevation61 m (200 ft)[1]Location70 km (43 mi) west of Kingscote Cape Borda is a headland in the Australian state of South Australia...

 

 

NASCAR on Fox

NASCAR on FoxPemeranMike JoyDarrell WaltripLarry McReynoldsDick BerggrenSteve ByrnesKrista VodaMatt YocumChris MyersJeff HammondMichael WaltripLagu pembukaSideways oleh Dierks BentleyNegara asalUSAProduksiDurasiBervariasi, rata-rata 4 sampai 5 jam, atau hingga balap berakhirRilis asliJaringanFoxRilis18 Februari 2001 (2001-02-18) –sekarang Fox NASCAR adalah nama untuk siaran televisi balap mobil Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series secara langsung yang ditayangkan oleh Fox. Acara ini ...

Pembelajaran elektronik

artikel ini perlu dirapikan agar memenuhi standar Wikipedia. Tidak ada alasan yang diberikan. Silakan kembangkan artikel ini semampu Anda. Merapikan artikel dapat dilakukan dengan wikifikasi atau membagi artikel ke paragraf-paragraf. Jika sudah dirapikan, silakan hapus templat ini. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan ruj...

 

 

Dodge Challenger

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Challenger. Dodge Challenger Dodge Challenger de 2008. Marque Dodge (Chrysler) Années de production 1970 - 19741978 - 19832008 - 2023 Classe Pony car, Muscle car Usine(s) d’assemblage Hamtramck, Michigan Los Angeles, Californie Okazaki, Aichi Brampton, Ontario Moteur et transmission Énergie Essence Moteur(s) 4-cylindres en ligne6-cylindres en ligne6-cylindres en V8-cylindres en V Position du moteur Longitudinale avant Transmission Propulsion ou intégral...

 

 

Kapal selam kelas M Soviet

Tentang kelas Ciri-ciri umum Kapal selam kelas M, disebut juga dengan kelas Malyutka (bahasa Rusia: Малютка; bayi atau si kecil), adalah kelas kapal selam kecil, berlambung tunggal atau 1½ yang dibangun di Uni Soviet dan digunakan selama Perang Dunia II. Kapal selam tersebut dibangun dalam beberapa bagian sehingga mudah diangkut dengan kereta api. Produksinya dipusatkan di Galangan Kapal Gorky di Sungai Volga, setelah itu bagian-bagian tersebut diangkut dengan kereta api ke Lenin...

HMS Berwick (1809)

Vengeur-class ship of the line For other ships with the same name, see HMS Berwick. Berwick History United Kingdom NameHMS Berwick Ordered1 July 1807 BuilderPerry, Blackwall Laid downOctober 1807 Launched11 September 1809 FateBroken up, 1821 General characteristics [1] Class and typeVengeur-class ship of the line Tons burthen1761 (bm) Length176 ft (54 m) (gundeck) Beam47 ft 6 in (14.48 m) Depth of hold21 ft (6.4 m) PropulsionSails Sail planFull-rigge...

 

 

U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Security

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines for companies and organizations. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the articl...

 

 

Conferenza Episcopale Italiana

Conferenza Episcopale ItalianaSuddivisione delle province ecclesiastiche in territorio italiano AbbreviazioneCEI TipoConferenza episcopale Affiliazione internazionaleConsiglio delle conferenze dei vescovi d'Europa Fondazione8 gennaio 1952 a Firenze Sede centrale Roma IndirizzoCirconvallazione Aurelia 50, 00165 Roma Area di azioneItalia, San Marino Presidente cardinale Matteo Maria Zuppi Lingua ufficialeitaliano Membri231 (2023) Sito web Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale La Conferenza ...

Deep plantar artery

Deep plantar arteryThe plantar arteries. Deep view. (Deep plantar labeled at center left.)Anterior tibial and dorsalis pedis arteries. (Deep plantar labeled at bottom right.)DetailsSourceDorsalis pedis arteryIdentifiersLatinarteria plantaris profundaTA98A12.2.16.054TA24720FMA69513Anatomical terminology[edit on Wikidata] The deep plantar artery (ramus plantaris profundus; communicating artery) descends into the sole of the foot, between the two heads of the 1st interosseous dorsalis, and u...

 

 

伊丽莎白二世

本條目存在以下問題，請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。 此條目的引用需要清理，使其符合格式。参考文献应符合正确的引用、脚注及外部链接格式。 此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充，此條目在對應語言版為高品質條目。 (2023年8月17日)若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低�...

 

 

Division of O'Connor

Australian federal electoral division O'ConnorAustralian House of Representatives DivisionDivision of O'Connor in Western Australia, as of the 2021 redistribution.Created1980MPRick WilsonPartyLiberalNamesakeCharles Yelverton O'ConnorElectors117,954 (2022)Area1,126,937 km2 (435,112.8 sq mi)DemographicRural The Division of O'Connor is an Australian electoral division in the state of Western Australia. It is one of Western Australia's three rural seats, and one of the largest...

世界政區索引

此條目可能包含不适用或被曲解的引用资料，部分内容的准确性无法被证實。 (2023年1月5日)请协助校核其中的错误以改善这篇条目。详情请参见条目的讨论页。 各国相关 主題列表 索引 国内生产总值 石油储量 国防预算 武装部队（军事） 官方语言 人口統計 人口密度 生育率 出生率 死亡率 自杀率 谋杀率 失业率 储蓄率 识字率 出口额 进口额 煤产量 发电量 监禁率 死刑 国债 ...

 

 

Ali Asadov

Ali Asadov BiografiKelahiran30 November 1956 (67 tahun)Baku Daftar Perdana Menteri Azerbaijan 8 Oktober 2019 – Special Guest of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Mewakili: Azerbaijan 26 Januari 1998 – 22 Januari 2001 Special Guest of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Mewakili: Azerbaijan 23 September 1996 – 27 Januari 1997 Data pribadiPendidikanPlekhanov Russian Economic University (–1978) KegiatanPekerjaanpolitikus Partai politik...

 

 

List of sarcopterygian genera

This list of lobe-finned fish is a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the class Sarcopterygii, excluding purely vernacular terms and Tetrapods. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomen dubium), or were not formally published (nomen nudum), as well as junior synonyms. Extant genera are bolded. All non-bolded genera are extinct. Scope and terminology There is no official, canonical list of ...

سيساميا (سيرري)

سيساميا تقسيم إداري البلد اليونان  [1] إحداثيات 40°57′29″N 23°25′29″E / 40.958055555556°N 23.424722222222°E / 40.958055555556; 23.424722222222   السكان التعداد السكاني 330 (resident population of Greece) (2021)493 (resident population of Greece) (2001)487 (resident population of Greece) (1991)329 (resident population of Greece) (2011)  الرمز الجغرافي 734270  �...

 

 

تشانوت

تشانوت     الإحداثيات 37°40′37″N 95°27′23″W / 37.676944444444°N 95.456388888889°W / 37.676944444444; -95.456388888889   [1] تاريخ التأسيس 1873  تقسيم إداري  البلد الولايات المتحدة[2][3]  التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة نيوشو  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 18.527681 كيلومتر مربع18.527689 كيلومت�...

 

 

Trolley (TV series)

2022 South Korea television series TrolleyPromotional posterHangul트롤리Revised RomanizationTeurolliMcCune–ReischauerT'ŭrolli GenreMystery[1]Melodrama[1]Written byRyu Bo-ri[1]Directed byKim Mun-kyo[1]StarringKim Hyun-jooPark Hee-soonMusic byKim Jun-seokJeong Se-rinCountry of originSouth KoreaOriginal languageKoreanNo. of episodes16ProductionExecutive producerLee Kwang-soonProducerHan Jeong-hwanRunning time60 minutesProduction companyStudio S[2]Ori...

HM Prison Pentonville

Men's prison in London HMP PentonvillePentonville Prison entrance in 2006LocationBarnsbury,London, N7Security classAdult Male and YOI/Category B&CCapacity1,115Population1,111 (as of July 2022)Opened1842; 182 years ago (1842)Managed byHM Prison ServicesGovernorIan Blakeman [1]Websitegov.uk/guidance/pentonville-prison HM Prison Pentonville (informally The Ville) is an English Category B men's prison, operated by His Majesty's Prison Service. Pentonville Prison ...

 

 

Southern Italy

Macroregion of Italy For the EU constituency, see Southern Italy (European Parliament constituency). For the statistical regions of the EU, see South Italy. Mezzogiorno redirects here. For the Italian actress, see Giovanna Mezzogiorno. For her father, see Vittorio Mezzogiorno. Place in ItalySouthern Italy Italia meridionale (Italian)Sud Italia (Italian)Mezzogiorno (Italian)CountryItalyRegions List Abruzzo Apulia Basilicata Calabria Campania Molise Sardinia Sicily Area •&...