Chrysolina
Genus of beetles
Chrysolina
Chrysolina polita
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Coleoptera
Superfamily:
Chrysomeloidea
Family:
Chrysomelidae
Subfamily:
Chrysomelinae
Tribe:
Chrysomelini
Genus:
Chrysolina Motschulsky , 1860
Type species
Chrysomela staphylea
Subgenera[ 1]
Allochrysolina Bechyně, 1950
Allohypericia Bechyně, 1950
Anopachys Motschulsky, 1860
Apterosoma Motschulsky, 1860
Arctolina Kontkanen, 1959
Atechna Chevrolat, 1836
Atlasiana Bourdonne & Doguet, 1991
Bechynia Bourdonne, 1977
Bittotaenia Motschulsky, 1860
Cecchiniola Jacobson, 1908
Centoptera Motschulsky, 1860
Chalcoidea Motschulsky, 1860
Chersomela Weise, 1914
Chrysocrosita Bechyně, 1950
Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1860
Chrysolinopsis Bechyné, 1950
Chrysomorpha Motschulsky, 1860
Colaphodes Motschulsky, 1860
Colaphoptera Motschulsky, 1860
Colaphosoma Motschulsky, 1860
Crositops Marseul, 1883
Cyrtochrysolina Kippenberg in Kippenberg & Döberl, 1994
Diachalcoidea Bechyné, 1955
Erythrochrysa Bechyně, 1950
Euchrysolina Bechyně, 1950
Fastuolina Warchalowski, 1991
Ghesquiereita Bechyně, 1950
Gnathomela Jacobson, 1895
Heliostola Motschulsky, 1860
Hypericia Bedel, 1898
Hypochalcoidea Bourdonne, 2012
Jeanclaudia Mikhailov, 2009
Liomela Weise, 1912
Lithopteroides Strand, 1935
Lopatinica Kippenberg, 2012
Maenadochrysa Bechyně, 1950
Medvedevlevna Özdikmen, 2008
Melasomoptera Bechyně, 1950
Naluhia Bechyné, 1948
Omolina Weise in Sjöstedt, 1909
Ovosoma Motschulsky, 1860
Ovostoma Motschulsky, 1860
Palaeosticta Bechyné, 1952
Paracrosita Daccordi, 1982
Paramenthastriella Daccordi, 1980
Pezocrosita Jacobson, 1901
Pierryvettia Bechyně, 1950
Pleurosticha Motschulsky, 1860
Polystictella Bechyné, 1952
Pseudocrosita Lopatin, 1999
Pseudolithoptera Medvedev, 1970
Pseudotimarchomima Daccordi, 1980
Rhyssoloma Wollaston, 1854
Semenowia Weise, 1889
Sibiriella Medvedev, 1999
Sphaerochrysolina Kippenberg, 2010
Sphaeromela Bedel, 1901
Stichoptera Motschulsky, 1860
Sulcicollis Sahlberg, 1913
Synerga Weise, 1900
Taeniochrysea Bechyně, 1950
Taeniosticha Motschulsky, 1860
Threnosoma Motschulsky, 1860
Timarchida Ganglbauer, 1897
Timarcholina Bechyně, 1950
Timarchomela Achard, 1922
Timarchoptera Motschulsky, 1860
Upseleatlasia Bourdonne, 2012
Vittatochrysa Lopatin, 1977
Zeugotaenia Motschulsky, 1860
Diversity
at least 130 species
Synonyms [ 2]
Altailina Mikhailov, 2000
Anapachys Motschulsky, 1860
Bechynea Medvedev, 1966
Bourdonneana Kippenberg in Löbl & Danilevsky, 2010
Camerounia Jolivet, 1949
Caudatochrysa Bechyně, 1950
Chesomela Weise, 1918
Cobosorina David, 1953
Colophodes Motschulsky, 1860
Craspeda Motschulsky, 1860
Dlochrysa Motschulsky, 1860
Drochrysa Kimoto, 1964
Ghesquièreita Bechyně, 1950
Ghesquierita Bechyně, 1950
Ghesquièrita Bechyně, 1950
Hoplosoma Motschulsky, 1860
Jacobsonia Medvedev, 1970
Lithoptera Motschulsky, 1860
Litoptheroides Bechyne, 1950
Menthastriella Bechyně, 1950
Mimophaedon Bourdonne, 1996
Minckia Strand, 1935
Oreina Monros & Bechyne, 1956
Ovomorpha Motschulsky, 1860
Pachygnatha Weise, 1892
Palaeostricta Seeno, 1976
Paradiachalcoida Daccordi, 1978
Paradiachalcoidea Daccordi, 1978
Parkaniola Bechyně, 1950
Pirryvittia Kimoto, 1964
Polysticha Gressitt & Kimoto, 1963
Polysticta Hope, 1840
Pseudotaeniochrysea Daccordi, 1980
Stichosoma Motschulsky, 1860
Timarchomima Bechyně, 1950
Chrysolina bicolor
C. hyperici
Chrysolina numida
Chrysolina quadrigemina
Chrysolina is a large genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Chrysomelinae . Most species are distributed in Europe, Asia and Africa with a small number of species inhabiting North America (including introduced European ones) and introduced species in Australia.[ 3]
The species Chrysolina cerealis and C. graminis are protected in the United Kingdom . All species of Chrysolina are phytophagous , feeding on specific food plants, and some of them have been used for biological control of weeds . To control Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort), C. hyperici was successfully naturalized in Australia in the 1930s[ 4] [ 5] and several species, especially C. quadrigemina , were introduced to California in the late 1940s.[ 5] [ 6] [ 7] [ 8] [ 9]
Systematic classification of European species
Order Coleoptera
Suborder Polyphaga
Superfamily Chrysomeloidea Latreille , 1802
Family Chrysomelidae Latreille , 1802
Subfamily Chrysomelinae Latreille , 1802
Genus Chrysolina Motschulsky , 1860
Subgenus Allochrysolina
Chrysolina fuliginosa (Olivier , 1807)
Chrysolina lepida (Olivier 1807)
Subgenus Anopachys
Chrysolina aurichalcea (Mannerheim , 1825)
Chrysolina eurina (Frivaldszky , 1883)
Chrysolina relucens (Rosenhauer, 1847)
Chrysolina schatzmayri (Muller, 1916)
Subgenus Arctolina
Chrysolina septentrionalis (Menetries, 1851)
Subgenus Bechynia
Chrysolina milleri (Weise, 1884)
Chrysolina philotesia Daccordi & Ruffo, 1980
Chrysolina platypoda (Bechyné , 1950)
Chrysolina substrangulata Bourdonne, 1986
Subgenus Bittotaenia
Chrysolina salviae (Germar , 1824)
Subgenus Cecchiniola
Chrysolina platyscelidina (Jacobson, 1898)
Subgenus Centoptera
Chrysolina bicolor (Fabricius , 1775)
Subgenus Chalcoidea
Chrysolina analis (Linnaeus , 1767)
Chrysolina carnifex (Fabricius , 1792)
Chrysolina carnifex melanaria (Suffrian, 1851)
Chrysolina cinctipennis (Harold, 1874)
Chrysolina curvilinea (Weise, 1884)
Chrysolina hyrcana (Weise, 1884)
Chrysolina interstincta (Suffrian, 1851)
Chrysolina marginata (Linnaeus , 1758 )
Chrysolina taygetana Bechyné , 1952
Subgenus Chrysolina
Chrysolina bankii (Fabricius , 1775)
Chrysolina costalis (Olivier , 1807)
Chrysolina fortunata (Wollaston , 1864)
Chrysolina obsoleta (Brulle, 1838)
Chrysolina rufa (Duftschmid, 1825)
Chrysolina staphylaea (Linnaeus , 1758 )
Chrysolina wollastoni Bechyné , 1957
Subgenus Chrysomorpha
Chrysolina cerealis (Linnaeus , 1767)
Subgenus Colaphodes
Chrysolina haemoptera (Linnaeus , 1758 )
Subgenus Colaphoptera
Chrysolina globosa (Panzer , 1805)
Chrysolina pliginskii (Reitter, 1913)
Chrysolina purpurascens (Germar , 1822)
Subgenus Colaphosoma
Chrysolina sturmi (Westhoff, 1882)
Subgenus Craspeda
Chrysolina jenisseiensis (Breit, 1920)
Chrysolina limbata (Fabricius , 1775)
Subgenus Cyrtochrysolina
Chrysolina marcasitica (Germar , 1824)
Subgenus Erythrochrysa
Chrysolina polita (Linnaeus , 1758 )
Subgenus Euchrysolina
Chrysolina graminis (Linnaeus , 1758 )
Chrysolina virgata (Motschulsky , 1860)
Subgenus Fastuolina
Chrysolina fastuosa (Scopoli , 1763)
Subgenus Heliostola
Chrysolina carpathica (Fuss, 1856)
Chrysolina lichenis (Richter, 1820)
Chrysolina schneideri (Weise, 1882)
Subgenus Hypericia
Chrysolina brunsvicensis (Gravenhorst, 1807)
Chrysolina corcyria (Suffrian, 1851)
Chrysolina cuprina (Duftschmid, 1825)
Chrysolina didymata (Scriba, 1791)
Chrysolina geminata (Paykull, 1799)
Chrysolina hyperici (Forster, 1771)
Chrysolina quadrigemina (Suffrian, 1851)
Subgenus Maenadochrysa
Chrysolina affinis (Fabricius , 1787)
Chrysolina aveyronenesis Bechyné , 1950
Chrysolina baetica (Suffrian, 1851)
Chrysolina femoralis (Olivier , 1790)
Subgenus Melasomoptera
Chrysolina grossa (Fabricius , 1792)
Chrysolina lucida (Olivier , 1807)
Chrysolina lutea (Petagna, 1819)
Subgenus Mimophaedon
Chrysolina pourtoyi Bourdonne, 1996
Subgenus Ovosoma
Chrysolina atrovirens (Frivaldszky , 1876)
Chrysolina cretica (Olivier , 1807)
Chrysolina halysa Bechyné , 1950
Chrysolina orientalis (Olivier , 1807)
Chrysolina rhodia Bechyné , 1950
Chrysolina sahlbergi (Menetries, 1832)
Chrysolina susterai Bechyné , 1950
Chrysolina turca (Fairmaire, 1865)
Chrysolina vernalis (Brulle, 1832)
Subgenus Ovostoma
Chrysolina globipennis (Suffrian, 1851)
Chrysolina olivieri (Bedel, 1892)
Subgenus Palaeosticta
Chrysolina diluta (Germar , 1824)
Subgenus Rhyssoloma
Chrysolina fragariae (Wollaston , 1854)
Subgenus Sphaerochrysolina
Chrysolina umbratilis (Weise, 1887)
Subgenus Sphaeromela
Chrysolina varians (Schaller, 1783)
Subgenus Stichoptera
Chrysolina colasi (Cobos, 1952)
Chrysolina grancanariensis (Lindberg, 1953)
Chrysolina gypsophilae (Kuster, 1845)
Chrysolina latecincta (Demaison, 1896)
Chrysolina kuesteri (Helliesen, 1912)
Chrysolina lucidicollis (Kuster, 1845)
Chrysolina mactata (Fairmaire, 1859)
Chrysolina rossia (Illiger, 1802)
Chrysolina sanguinolenta (Linnaeus , 1758 )
Chrysolina stachydis (Gene, 1839)
Chrysolina variolosa (Petagna, 1819)
Subgenus Sulcicollis
Chrysolina chalcites (Germar , 1824)
Chrysolina oricalcia (Muller O. F., 1776)
Chrysolina peregrina (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1839)
Chrysolina rufoaenea (Suffrian, 1851)
Subgenus Synerga
Chrysolina coerulans (Scriba, 1791)
Chrysolina herbacea (Duftschmid, 1825)
Chrysolina suffriani (Fairmaire, 1859)
Chrysolina viridana (Kuster, 1844)
Subgenus Taeniochrysea
Chrysolina americana (Linnaeus , 1758 )
Subgenus Taeniosticha
Chrysolina reitteri (Weise, 1884)
Subgenus Threnosoma
Chrysolina cribrosa (Ahrens, 1812)
Chrysolina fimbrialis (Kuster, 1845)
Chrysolina helopioides (Suffrian, 1851)
Chrysolina inflata (Weise, 1916)
Chrysolina joliveti Bechyné , 1950
Chrysolina obenbergeri Bechyné , 1950
Chrysolina obscurella (Suffrian, 1851)
Chrysolina osellai (Daccordi & Ruffo, 1979)
Chrysolina tagana (Suffrian, 1851)
Chrysolina timarchoides (Brisout, 1882)
Chrysolina weisei (Frivaldszky , 1883)
Subgenus Timarchida
Chrysolina deubeli (Ganglbauer, 1897)
See also
References
^ Bieńkowski, A.O. (2019). Chrysolina of the world – 2019 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Taxonomic review . Livny: Mukhametov G.V. Publ. ISBN 978-5-904246-82-2 .
^ IRMNG (2018). Chrysolina Motschoulsky in Schrenck, 1860. Accessed at: http://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1419344 on 2019-01-18
^ Bieńkowski, Andrzej O. (2001). "A study on the genus Chrysolina MOTSCHULSKY, 1860, with a checklist of all the described subgenera, species, subspecies, and synonyms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)" (PDF) . Genus - International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy . 12 : 105–235. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2017-01-24 .
^ W. T. Parsons, E. G. Cuthbertson. Noxious Weeds of Australia . 2nd ed. Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing, 2001. ISBN 0-643-06514-8 . P. 389.
^ a b Wilfred William Robbins, Alden Springer Crafts. Weed Control: A Textbook and Manual . N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, 1962. P. 137, 155, 162.
^ Huffaker, C. B. and C. E. Kennett (1959). A ten-year study of vegetation change associated with biological control of Klamath weed. Journal of Range Management 12: 69-82.
^ Peter Jay Morin. Community Ecology . Oxford: Blackwell, 1999. ISBN 0-86542-350-4 . P. 106-107.
^ Gilbert Waldbauer. What Good are Bugs?: Insects in the Web of Life. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-674-01027-2 . P. 158.
^ Richard E. White. A Field Guide to the Beetles of North America . Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983. ISBN 0-395-91089-7 . P. 296.
External links