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Chiricahua leopard frog
Conservation status
	; Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1)
	; Vulnerable (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Ranidae
Genus:	Lithobates
Species:	L. chiricahuensis
Binomial name
	Lithobates chiricahuensis; Platz & Mecham, 1979
Synonyms
	Rana chiricahuensis; Lithobates fisheri; Lithobates subaquavocalis Platz, 1993;

The Chiricahua leopard frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis syn. Rana chiricahuensis)^[3] is a species of frog in the family Ranidae, the true frogs.

Distribution and habitat

It is native to Mexico and the United States (Arizona and New Mexico). The common name, as well as the specific name chiricahuensis, refers to the Chiricahua Mountains, AZ in which the species was first discovered.^[4] Its natural habitats are temperate forests, rivers, intermittent rivers, swamps, freshwater lakes, intermittent freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, freshwater springs, ponds, and open excavations.

Conservation

It is threatened by habitat loss and chytridiomycosis to such an extent that it has been eliminated from 80% of its former habitat.^[5] The Phoenix Zoo, Arizona's Department of Game and Fish, and the USFWS are trying to mitigate threats through captive breeding and reintroduction efforts.^[6]

Phylogeny

A 2011 genetic analysis provided evidence that the northwestern Mogollon Rim population of L. chiricahuensis is indistinguishable from specimens of the extinct Vegas Valley leopard frog (Lithobates fisheri).^[7]

The Ramsey Canyon leopard frog (Lithobates subaquavocalis) has also been shown to be conspecific with the Chiricahua leopard frog.

References

^ Georgina Santos-Barrera, Geoffrey Hammerson, Michael Sredl (2004). "Lithobates chiricahuensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T58575A11805575. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58575A11805575.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
^ Frost, Darrel (2011). "American Museum of Natural History: Amphibian Species of the World 5.5, an Online Reference". Herpetology. The American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 2013-02-17.
^ Platz, J. E.; Mecham, J. S. (1979-08-01). "Rana chiricahuensis, a New Species of Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens Complex) from Arizona". Copeia. 1979 (3): 383. doi:10.2307/1443211. JSTOR 1443211.
^ Ellis, R. (2004). No Turning Back: The Life and Death of Animal Species. New York: Harper Perennial. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-06-055804-8.
^ Phoenix Zoo marks restoration of 10,000th frog to the wild. National Geographic (September 1, 2010).
^ Hekkala, Evon R.; Saumure, Raymond A.; Jaeger, Jef R.; Herrmann, Hans-Werner; Sredl, Michael J.; Bradford, David F.; Drabeck, Danielle; Blum, Michael J. (2011). "Resurrecting an extinct species: Archival DNA, taxonomy, and conservation of the Vegas Valley leopard frog". Conservation Genetics. 12 (5): 1379–1385. doi:10.1007/s10592-011-0229-6. S2CID 2787707.

Hillis, D. M., et al. (1983). Phylogeny and biogeography of the Rana pipiens complex: A biochemical evaluation. Systematic Zoology 32, 132–43.
Hillis, D. M. (1988). Systematics of the Rana pipiens complex: Puzzle and paradigm. Annual Review of Systematics and Ecology 19, 39–63.
Hillis, D. M. and T. P. Wilcox. (2005). Phylogeny of the New World true frogs (Rana). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34(2), 299–314.
Hillis, D. M. (2007). Constraints in naming parts of the Tree of Life. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42, 331–38.
Platz, J. E. and J. S. Mecham. (1979). Rana chiricahuensis, a new species of leopard frog (Rana pipiens complex) from Arizona. Copeia 3, 383–90.
Goldberg, C. S., Field, K. J. & Sredl, M. J. (2004): Mitochondrial DNA sequences do not support species status of the Ramsey Canyon leopard frog (Rana subaquavocalis). J Herpetol 38:313–319. doi: 10.1670/117-03A
Geoffrey Hammerson, Michael Sredl (2004). "Lithobates subaquavocalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T19180A8848570. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T19180A8848570.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.

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[iucn_status_16_November_2021-1] Georgina Santos-Barrera, Geoffrey Hammerson, Michael Sredl (2004). "Lithobates chiricahuensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T58575A11805575. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58575A11805575.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[2] "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 21 April 2022.

[3] Frost, Darrel (2011). "American Museum of Natural History: Amphibian Species of the World 5.5, an Online Reference". Herpetology. The American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 2013-02-17.

[4] Platz, J. E.; Mecham, J. S. (1979-08-01). "Rana chiricahuensis, a New Species of Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens Complex) from Arizona". Copeia. 1979 (3): 383. doi:10.2307/1443211. JSTOR 1443211.

[ellis-5] Ellis, R. (2004). No Turning Back: The Life and Death of Animal Species. New York: Harper Perennial. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-06-055804-8.

[6] Phoenix Zoo marks restoration of 10,000th frog to the wild. National Geographic (September 1, 2010).

[7] Hekkala, Evon R.; Saumure, Raymond A.; Jaeger, Jef R.; Herrmann, Hans-Werner; Sredl, Michael J.; Bradford, David F.; Drabeck, Danielle; Blum, Michael J. (2011). "Resurrecting an extinct species: Archival DNA, taxonomy, and conservation of the Vegas Valley leopard frog". Conservation Genetics. 12 (5): 1379–1385. doi:10.1007/s10592-011-0229-6. S2CID 2787707.

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Chiricahua leopard frog

Distribution and habitat

Conservation

Phylogeny

References

Further reading