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Specifications
Specifications
Configuration:;
• Whyte	2-8-4
• UIC	1′D2 h2
Gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Leading dia.	33 in (83.820 cm)
Driver dia.	69 in (1.753 m)
Trailing dia.	36 in (91.440 cm) (Lead) ; 43 in (109.220 cm) (Trail)
Tender wheels	36 in (91.440 cm)
Minimum curve	288 ft (88 m) radius / 20°
Wheelbase	93 ft 2 in (28.40 m)
Length	105 ft 1+7⁄8 in (32.05 m)
Width	10 ft 10 in (3.30 m)
Height	15 ft 7+1⁄2 in (4.76 m)
Axle load	73,000 lb (37 short tons) to 73,600 lb (36.8 short tons)
Adhesive weight	292,000 lb (146 short tons) to 293,100 lb (146.6 short tons)
Loco weight	460,000 lb (230 short tons) to 469,680 lb (234.84 short tons)
Tender weight	388,030 lb (194.02 short tons) to 394,100 lb (197.1 short tons)
Total weight	850,000 lb (420 short tons) to 863,780 lb (431.89 short tons)
Tender type	21-RG
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	30 short tons (27 t)
Water cap.	21,000 US gal (79,000 L; 17,000 imp gal)
Firebox:
• Grate area	90 sq ft (8.4 m2)
Boiler:;
• Model	Fire Tube
• Diameter	98 in (2,489 mm)
• Tube plates	19 ft (6 m)
Boiler pressure	245 lbf (1.09 kN)
Feedwater heater	Worthington 5 1/2 SA ; 10,200 US gallon / hr capacity
Heating surface:
• Firebox	465 sq ft (43.2 m2)
• Tubes and flues	4,308 sq ft (400.2 m2)
• Total surface	4,773 sq ft (443.4 m2)
Superheater:;
• Type	Type E
• Heating area	1,932 sq ft (179.5 m2)
Cylinders	Two, outside
Cylinder size	26 in × 34 in (660 mm × 864 mm)
Valve gear	Baker
Valve type	Piston valves
Valve travel	8 in (203 mm)
Valve lap	1+11⁄16 in (43 mm)
Valve lead	3⁄16 in (5 mm)
Train heating	Steam heat
Loco brake	Pneumatic, Schedule 8-ET
Train brakes	Pneumatic

Type and origin
Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Designer	Advisory Mechanical Committee
Builder	American Locomotive Company (70); Lima Locomotive Works (20);
Build date	1943–1947
Total produced	90

Chesapeake and Ohio class K-4
Chesapeake and Ohio class K-4
	C&O K-4 No. 2736 at the National Railroad Museum in Green Bay, Wisconsin, September 1963
Power type
Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Designer	Advisory Mechanical Committee
Builder	American Locomotive Company (70); Lima Locomotive Works (20);
Build date	1943–1947
Total produced	90
Configuration:;
Specifications
Configuration:;
• Whyte	2-8-4
• UIC	1′D2 h2
Gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Leading dia.	33 in (83.820 cm)
Driver dia.	69 in (1.753 m)
Trailing dia.	36 in (91.440 cm) (Lead) ; 43 in (109.220 cm) (Trail)
Tender wheels	36 in (91.440 cm)
Minimum curve	288 ft (88 m) radius / 20°
Wheelbase	93 ft 2 in (28.40 m)
Length	105 ft 1+7⁄8 in (32.05 m)
Width	10 ft 10 in (3.30 m)
Height	15 ft 7+1⁄2 in (4.76 m)
Axle load	73,000 lb (37 short tons) to 73,600 lb (36.8 short tons)
Adhesive weight	292,000 lb (146 short tons) to 293,100 lb (146.6 short tons)
Loco weight	460,000 lb (230 short tons) to 469,680 lb (234.84 short tons)
Tender weight	388,030 lb (194.02 short tons) to 394,100 lb (197.1 short tons)
Total weight	850,000 lb (420 short tons) to 863,780 lb (431.89 short tons)
Tender type	21-RG
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	30 short tons (27 t)
Water cap.	21,000 US gal (79,000 L; 17,000 imp gal)
Firebox:
• Grate area	90 sq ft (8.4 m2)
Boiler:;
• Model	Fire Tube
• Diameter	98 in (2,489 mm)
• Tube plates	19 ft (6 m)
Boiler pressure	245 lbf (1.09 kN)
Feedwater heater	Worthington 5 1/2 SA ; 10,200 US gallon / hr capacity
Heating surface:
• Firebox	465 sq ft (43.2 m2)
• Tubes and flues	4,308 sq ft (400.2 m2)
• Total surface	4,773 sq ft (443.4 m2)
Superheater:;
• Type	Type E
• Heating area	1,932 sq ft (179.5 m2)
Cylinders	Two, outside
Cylinder size	26 in × 34 in (660 mm × 864 mm)
Valve gear	Baker
Valve type	Piston valves
Valve travel	8 in (203 mm)
Valve lap	1+11⁄16 in (43 mm)
Valve lead	3⁄16 in (5 mm)
Train heating	Steam heat
Loco brake	Pneumatic, Schedule 8-ET
Train brakes	Pneumatic
Maximum speed
Performance figures
Maximum speed	80 mph (129 km/h)
Tractive effort	69,350 lbf (308.48 kN) (Engine) ; 14,000 lbf (62.28 kN) (Booster) ; 83,350 lbf (370.76 kN) (Total)
Factor of adh.	4.21-4.23 (Engine) ; 4.6 (Booster)
Operators
Career
Operators	Chesapeake and Ohio Railway
Numbers	2700–2789
Nicknames	Kanawha ; Big Mike
Retired	1952–1957
Preserved	Twelve (Nos. 2700, 2705, 2707, 2716, 2727, 2732, 2736, 2755, 2756, 2760, 2776, 2789) preserved; remainder scrapped
Restored	Ongoing with No. 2716
Disposition	No. 2716 undergoing restoration, 11 on display, remainder scrapped
	10 preserved built by ALCO and 2 preserved built by Lima

The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway's K-4 class were a group of ninety 2-8-4 steam locomotives purchased during and shortly after World War II.^[1] Unlike many other railroads in the United States, the C&O chose to nickname this class "Kanawha", after the river in West Virginia, rather than "Berkshire", after the region in New England.

As of 2024, twelve examples are preserved, with their display locations including the National Railroad Museum, the Science Museum of Virginia, Chief Logan State Park, and the B&O Railroad Museum.

Details

In the early 1940s, as the United States entered World War II, the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) was looking to roster large locomotives to aid their aging 2-8-2 "Mikados" in general freight service.^[2] The Advisory Mechanical Committee (AMC) formulated a 2-8-4 design, named the K-4 class.^[2] The K-4s were reproduced from the AMC's previous designs for the Nickel Plate Road's (NKP) 700 series 2-8-4s and the Pere Marquette Railway's (PM) 1200 series 2-8-4s, but the K-4s were equipped with boosters to increase their tractive effort, and their steam domes were positioned behind their sandboxes.^[2] The steam domes were positioned in front of the sandboxes for the NKP and PM 2-8-4s, since they allowed for efficient steam passages while traveling on level territories, but the design feature was prone to water-overflowing at the C&O's downhill grades in the Allegheny and Blue Ridge Mountains.^[2]

Ninety K-4s, Nos. 2700-2789, were built between 1943 and 1947 by the American Locomotive Company and the Lima Locomotive Works.^[2] The K-4s were mostly assigned to heavy and high speed freight services throughout the north-eastern regions of the United States and part of Ontario, Canada by the Pere Marquette. The early K-4s were also used to haul passenger trains during World War II. The K-4s were considered to be one of the few recognizable 2-8-4 "Berkshire" classes in North America, since they were designed with their headlights below their smokeboxes and oval-shaped number plates on their smokebox doors.^[2] They were successful locomotives and were popular with crews, so popular with them that they referred to the locomotives as "Big Mikes".^[3]

Preserved Locomotives

Twelve Kanawhas have been preserved, with No. 2716 being restored to operation.

2700 (On Display) Dennison Railroad Depot Museum - Dennison, Ohio. The first Kanawha built, cosmetically restored in 2017.^[4]
2705 (On Display) Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Museum - Baltimore, Maryland.
2707 (On Display) Illinois Railway Museum - Union, Illinois.
2716 (Undergoing restoration to operating condition) owned by the Kentucky Railway Museum, currently on lease to the Kentucky Steam Heritage Center - Ravenna, Kentucky.
2727 (On Display) National Museum of Transportation - St. Louis, Missouri.
2732 (On Display) Science Museum of Virginia - Richmond, Virginia.
2736 (On Display) National Railroad Museum - Green Bay, Wisconsin.
2755 (On Display) Chief Logan State Park - Logan, West Virginia.
2756 (On Display) Huntington Park - Newport News, Virginia.
2760 (On Display) Riverside Park - Lynchburg, Virginia.
2776 (On Display) Eyman Park Dr - Washington Court House, Ohio.
2789 (On Display) Hoosier Valley Railroad Museum - North Judson, Indiana. The last Kanawha built.

One Kanawha (No. 2701) was on display in Buffalo, New York after retirement, but was vandalized beyond repair and was eventually scrapped a few months after being on display.^[5]