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Sir Charles Wheeler
Sir Charles Wheeler
	Bank of England facade, sculpture by Sir Charles Wheeler
Born	Charles Thomas Wheeler; 14 March 1892; Codsall, Staffordshire, England
Died	22 August 1974 (aged 82); Five Ashes, Mayfield, Sussex, England
Education	Wolverhampton College of Art; Royal College of Art;
Known for	sculpture, architectural sculpture
Awards	Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order; Commander of the Order of the British Empire;

Sir Charles Thomas Wheeler KCVO CBE PRA (14 March 1892 – 22 August 1974) was a British sculptor who worked in bronze and stone who became the first sculptor to hold the presidency of the Royal Academy, from 1956 until 1966.^[1]

Biography

Wheeler was the son of a journalist and was born in Codsall, Staffordshire, and raised in nearby Wolverhampton. He studied at the Wolverhampton College of Art, now Wolverhampton University, under Robert Emerson, between 1908 and 1912.^[2] In 1912 he won a scholarship to the Royal College of Art where he studied under Édouard Lantéri until 1917.^[3] Throughout the remainder of World War I, Wheeler was classified as unfit for active service and instead modelled artificial limbs for war amputees.

Wheeler came to specialize in portraits and architectural sculpture. From 1914 until 1970 he exhibited regularly at the Royal Academy and became a Fellow of the academy in 1940 and became its president in 1956. His tenure as RA president was controversial for the decision by the academy to sell the most valuable painting in its collection, the Leonardo da Vinci cartoon of The Virgin and Child with St Anne and St John the Baptist. The possibility that the painting might leave Britain caused a public outcry and eventually it was sold to the National Gallery.^[4] From 1942 to 1949, he served as a trustee of the Tate Gallery and in 1946 was a member of the Royal Fine Art Commission.^[5] In 1968 he wrote his autobiography, High Relief.

During the Second World War Wheeler was the only sculptor to be given full-time contracts by the War Artists' Advisory Committee. In both 1941 and 1942, Wheeler was commissioned to produce portrait busts of Admiralty figures. Due to material shortages and other issues, Wheeler produced only three bronze figures during the commission period.^[6]^[7]

Personal life

In 1918, Charles Wheeler met Miss Muriel Bourne, youngest daughter of A. W. Bourne, and a sculptor and painter herself at the time. They married and had two children, their son Robin and their daughter Carol.

In 1968, Charles Wheeler moved to a little Sussex farmhouse to evade the noise of constructions near their previous dwelling. He died on 22 August 1974, at the age of 82 and was buried in Codsall.^[8]

Works

Notable works include by Wheeler include,^[9]

The 20-foot bronze doors and a major programme of sculptures, including the "Lothbury Ladies" and the gilded finial figure of Ariel for the Bank of England, with architect Sir Herbert Baker, 1922–45
Fountain and memorial plates for Blackmoor War Memorial Cloister by Sir Herbert Baker.
Sculptures for Rhodes House, Oxford, with Baker, 1927
Sculptures for India House, Aldwych, with Baker, 1928–30
Sculptures for South Africa House with Baker, 1934
The western fountain figures in Trafalgar Square, 1948
The allegorical figures of the Seven Seas at the Tower Hill Memorial
The statue of Lady Wulfrun outside St. Peter's Collegiate Church, Wolverhampton
Assorted architectural sculptures and keystones for the Bank of England extension at One New Change
The monumental Earth and Water figures for the Ministry of Defence in Whitehall
The gilded bronze eagle on top of the Malta Memorial in Floriana, 1954

References

^ "Charles Wheeler, P.R.A." Royal Academy. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
^ "Wolverhampton's Blue Plaques". Retrieved 16 October 2016.
^ Frances Spalding (1990). 20th Century Painters and Sculptors. Antique Collectors' Club. ISBN 1-85149-106-6.
^ Ian Chilvers (2004). The Oxford Dictionary of Art. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860476-9.
^ "Artist biography, Sir Charles Wheeler". Tate. 2004. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
^ Brain Foss (2007). War Paint: Art, War, State and Identity in Britain, 1939–1945. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10890-3.
^ Imperial War Museum. "War artists archive, Charles Wheeler". Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
^ "Sir Charles Wheeler (codsallhistory.com" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 November 2021.
^ University of Glasgow History of Art (2011). "Sir Charles Thomas Wheeler PRA, KCVO, CBE". Mapping the Practice & Profession of Sculpture in Britain & Ireland 1851-1951. Retrieved 16 October 2016.