Charles Maitland (physician)

Charles Maitland
Bornc.1668
Died1748 (aged 79–80)
Aberdeen, Scotland
Years active1718–1723
Medical career
ProfessionSurgeon
ResearchInoculation

Charles Maitland (c. 1668–1748) was a Scottish surgeon who inoculated people against smallpox.

Career

In March 1718, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu had Maitland, who was then serving in the British embassy in Constantinople, Turkey, inoculate her five-year-old son Edward. The process was done by an elderly Greek woman from Pera under Maitland's direction. Montague did not tell her husband until a week after when it proved to be successful.[1]

They returned to London in April 1721, when Montagu requested that her daughter Mary, who was four, be inoculated.[2] Maitland reluctantly agreed if there were other witnesses present, so three physicians from the Royal College of Physicians were there for the procedure,[3][4] the first professional inoculation in England.[1] One of the witnesses, James Keith, was so pleased by the success that he had Maitland inoculate his six-year-old son; Keith's other children had all died of smallpox. The Montague family promoted inoculation in England, calling it a "useful invention".[3][5]

On 9 August 1721, Maitland received a Royal Licence that allowed him to test variolation on six prisoners from Newgate Prison.[4][6] The experiment took place in August 1722, under the direction of Sir Hans Sloane.[7] All prisoners survived, and they were pardoned later that year.[8] One prisoner who was exposed to the disease proved to be immune.[6]

In late 1722, Caroline of Ansbach ordered the inoculation of five orphans of St. James's Parish in London. Following their success, Caroline had Maitland inoculate her eldest son, Frederick and one other child.[7][9]

The surgeon died in Aberdeen, Scotland in 1748.[10]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Giblin, James Cross (1995). When Plague Strikes: The Black Death, Smallpox, AIDS. New York: HarperCollins. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-06-025854-2.
  2. ^ Marble, Allan Everett (1997). Surgeons, Smallpox, and the Poor: A History of Medicine and Social Conditions in Nova Scotia, 1749–1799. McGill-Queens. p. 7. ISBN 0-7735-1639-5.
  3. ^ a b Jannetta, Ann Bowman (2007). The Vaccinators: Smallpox, Medical Knowledge, and the "Opening" of Japan. Stanford University Press. pp. 15–16. ISBN 978-0-8047-7949-4. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
  4. ^ a b Riedel, Stefan (January 2005). "Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination". Proceedings (Baylor University Medical Center). 18 (1): 21–5. doi:10.1080/08998280.2005.11928028. PMC 1200696. PMID 16200144.
  5. ^ Henderson, D. A. (2009). Smallpox: The Death of a Disease: the Inside Story of Eradicating a Worldwide Killer. Amherst: Prometheus Books. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-59102-722-5. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
  6. ^ a b Persson, Sheryl (2010). Smallpox, Syphilis and Salvation: Medical Breakthroughs That Changed the World. Exisle Publishing. pp. 18–19. ISBN 978-1-921497-57-5.
  7. ^ a b Lecture memoranda (1913). The History of Inoculation and Vaccination for the Prevention and Treatment of Disease. London: Burroughs Wellcome And Company. pp. 43–45. ISBN 978-1-152-54069-9. OCLC 14796103.
  8. ^ Cunningham, Andrew (1990). The Medical Enlightenment of the Eighteenth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-521-03095-3.
  9. ^ Van der Kiste, John (1997). George II and Queen Caroline. Stroud: Sutton Publishing. p. 83. ISBN 0-7509-1321-5.
  10. ^ Carrell, Jennifer Lee (2004). The Speckled Monster: A Historical Tale of Battling Smallpox. New York City: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-452-28507-1.

Read other articles:

Karbalayi Safikhan Karabakhi

Kərbəlayı Səfixan QarabağiLahir1817Ahar, Kegubernuran Yelizavetpol, Kekaisaran RusiaMeninggal25 Juni 1910(1910-06-25) (umur 93)Shusha, Kegubernuran Yelizavetpol, Kekaisaran RusiaPekerjaanArsitekGedungMasjid Ashaghi Govhar Agha Masjid Agdam Masjid Yukhari Govhar Agha Karbalayi Safikhan Karabakhi (bahasa Azerbaijan: Kərbəlayı Səfixan Sultanhüseyn oğlu Qarabaği) (1817 - 1910) adalah seorang arsitek Azerbaijan. Bangunan karyanya banyak memasukkan elemen tradisional dan roman...

 

عبد الإله العمري

عبد الإله العمري   معلومات شخصية الاسم الكامل عبد الإله علي العمري الميلاد 15 يناير 1997 (العمر 27 سنة)الطائف الطول 1.85 م (6 قدم 1 بوصة) مركز اللعب مدافع الجنسية  السعودية - النماص معلومات النادي النادي الحالي نادي النصر الرقم 5 مسيرة الشباب سنوات فريق وج المسيرة الاحت...

 

List of Africa Cup of Nations songs and anthems

Africa Cup of Nations songs and anthems are songs and tunes adopted officially to be used as warm-ups to the event, to accompany the championships during the event and as a souvenir reminder of the events as well as for advertising campaigns leading for the Africa Cup of Nations, giving the singers exceptional universal world coverage and notoriety. Official songs and anthems This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (October 2022) AfricaCup of Nations Host Country Title...

Ronneby Municipality

Municipality in Blekinge County, SwedenRonneby Municipality Ronneby kommunMunicipalityRonneby Train Station Coat of armsCoordinates: 56°12′N 15°17′E / 56.200°N 15.283°E / 56.200; 15.283CountrySwedenCountyBlekinge CountySeatRonnebyArea[1] • Total1,241.85 km2 (479.48 sq mi) • Land825.34 km2 (318.67 sq mi) • Water416.51 km2 (160.82 sq mi) Area as of 1 January 2014.Populat...

 

Censorship in the United States

Review of the topic Not to be confused with Censure in the United States. Part of a series onCensorship by country Countries List Albania Algeria Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Bhutan Bolivia Brazil Cambodia Canada Chad China(Hong Kong / overseas) Croatia Cuba Czech Republic Denmark Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Finland France(Ancien Régime) Germany(Nazi / Democratic Republic / Federal Republic) Greece Guatemala Honduras India Indonesia(Dutch East Indies)...

 

a

Dieser Artikel behandelt vor allem Herkunft, Darstellung und Aussprache des Buchstabens A. Die verschiedenen Bedeutungen dieses Zeichens finden sich unter A (Begriffsklärung). Aa Eingangstür der Berliner Stadtbibliothek, verziert mit verschiedenen Formen des Buchstabens A A sowie a (gesprochen: [ʔaː]) ist der erste Buchstabe des klassischen und modernen lateinischen Alphabets. Er entspricht dem Alpha im griechischen und dem Buchstaben А im kyrillischen Alphabet. Er steht für unter...

Barbara Hershey

Barbara HersheyHershey at the Toronto International Film Festival, September 13, 2010.LahirBarbara Lynn Herzstein5 Februari 1948 (umur 76)Hollywood, California,Amerika SerikatPekerjaanAktrisTahun aktif1968–sekarangSuami/istriStephen Douglas(1992–1993; divorced)PasanganDavid Carradine(1972–1975)Naveen Andrews(1999–2010) Barbara Hershey (lahir 5 Februari 1948) merupakan seorang aktris berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat yang memenangkan nominasi Academy Award dan Emmy Award. Dia di...

 

Человек прямоходящий

† Человек прямоходящий Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:Синапсиды�...

 

Cordón del Azufre

Mountain in Argentina Cordón del AzufreNASA Landsat composite imageHighest pointElevation5,481 m (17,982 ft)[1]Coordinates25°20′S 68°31′W / 25.333°S 68.517°W / -25.333; -68.517[2]GeographyLocationArgentina, Chile[1]Parent rangeAndesGeologyAge of rock0.3 ± 0.3 myaMountain typeComplex volcano[1]Last eruptionUnknown[1] Cordón del Azufre is an inactive complex volcano located in the Central Andes, at the bor...

ソー (オー＝ド＝セーヌ県)

Sceaux 行政国 フランス地域圏 (Région) イル＝ド＝フランス地域圏県 (département) オー＝ド＝セーヌ県郡 (arrondissement) アントニー郡小郡 (canton) 小郡庁所在地INSEEコード 92071郵便番号 92330市長（任期） フィリップ・ローラン（2008年-2014年）自治体間連合 (fr) メトロポール・デュ・グラン・パリ人口動態人口 19,679人（2007年）人口密度 5466人/km2住民の呼称 Scéens地理座標 北緯48度4...

 

محمد علي حيدرة

محمد علي حيدرة معلومات شخصية الميلاد سنة 1959 (العمر 64–65 سنة)  دار الهجرة، إقليم كولدا،  السنغال الجنسية موريتاني سنغالي الأب الشريف الحسن حيدرة الأم ميمونة دياو إخوة وأخوات الشريف محمد الحبيب حيدرة الحياة العملية المهنة مرجع ديني مسلم شيعي إثنا عشري اللغات الفرنسي�...

 

Battle of the Scheldt (1574)

For the WWII battle, see Battle of the Scheldt. 1574 battle of the Eighty Years' War Battle of the Scheldt (1574)Part of the Eighty Years' WarBattle in the Eastern Scheldt between the Spanish and the beggar fleet as portrayed by Frans HogenbergDate29 January 1574LocationEastern Scheldt, off Reimerswaal51°28′N 4°8′E / 51.467°N 4.133°E / 51.467; 4.133Result Dutch and English victory[1][2][3]Belligerents Dutch Rebels England Scotland  ...

اضطراب الشخصية

اضطراب الشخصية معلومات عامة الاختصاص طب نفسي،  وعلم النفس  من أنواع اضطراب نفسي،  ومرض  الإدارة أدوية كويتيابين،  وأريبيبرازول،  وريسبيريدون  حالات مشابهة اضطراب الهوية التفارقي  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   اضطراب الشخصية الفئة أ (الغريبة) زوراني شبه فصام�...

 

The Hebrew Bible (Alter)

English translation by Robert Alter The Hebrew Bible: A Translation with Commentary SpinesTranslatorRobert AlterPublisherW. W. NortonPublication date2018Media typePrint (Hardcover)Pages3500ISBN978-0393292497 The Hebrew Bible: A Translation with Commentary is an English translation of the Hebrew Bible completed by Robert Alter in 2018. It was written over the course of two decades. Alter's translation is considered unique in its being a one-man translation of the entire Hebrew Bible.[...

 

Ally Wollaston

Questa voce sull'argomento ciclisti neozelandesi è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Ally WollastonNazionalità Nuova Zelanda Ciclismo SpecialitàStrada, pista Squadra AG Insurance CarrieraSquadre di club 2021NXTG Racing2022NXTG by Experza2023- AG Insurance Nazionale 2021- Nuova Zelanda(pista) Palmarès  Mondiali su pista BronzoAigle 2018Ins. a sq. Jun. OroFrancoforte sull'Oder 2019Ins. ind. Jun. ArgentoFrancoforte sull...

抗酸菌

マイコバクテリウム属 (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)の透過型電子顕微鏡画像 抗酸菌（こうさんきん、英: Acid-fast bacillus）は、実験室における特定の染色工程において、塩酸酸性アルコールで脱色されない細菌の総称。狭義ではマイコバクテリウム属を指す。 塩酸酸性アルコールで脱色をしようとしても、この菌は色素を保持するという抵抗性を示すことから、この名が付け�...

 

Drapeau de l'Inde

Vous lisez un « bon article » labellisé en 2007. Cette page contient des caractères d'alphasyllabaires indiens. En cas de problème, consultez Aide:Unicode. Drapeau de l'Inde Drapeau de l'Inde. Utilisation Caractéristiques Proportions 2:3 Adoption 22 juillet 1947 Éléments 3 bandes horizontales safran, blanche et verte, avec au centre une roue bleu marine modifier  Le pavillon civil, reprenant le Red Ensign britannique. Le pavillon militaire, reprenant le White Ensign br...

 

Cauchy wavelet

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Cauchy wavelet – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2024) (Learn how and when to remove th...

Ghetto Street Funk

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Ghetto Street Funk – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) 1993 studio album by Parental AdvisoryGhetto Street FunkStudio album by Parental AdvisoryReleased1993Recorded1992–1993StudioBossto...

 

John Craig (reformator)

John CraigInformasi pribadiNama lahirJohnne CraigLahirca 1512Wafat12 Desember 1600Tanda tangan pendeta di Canongate (Holyroodhouse)Masa jabatan1561 – 2 Juli 1562[1]pendeta di Katedral St GilesMasa jabatan2 July 1562 – 1571[2]pendeta di MontroseMasa jabatan1571 – 6 Agustus 1573[3]pendeta di Gereja St Nicolas, AberdeenMasa jabatan6 Agustus 1573 – 14 September 1579[4]pendeta di Kapel Kerajaan di StirlingMasa jabata...