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A bicameral legislature, including the Chamber of Deputies, was established on 4 October 1824. A unicameral congress existed from 7 September 1857 to 13 November 1874.[2]
Composition
The Chamber of Deputies comprises one federal deputy (in Spanish: diputado federal) for approximately every 250,000 citizens. The Chamber has 500 members, elected using the parallel voting system. Elections are held every three years.
Of these, 300 "majority deputies" are directly elected by plurality from single-member districts, known as federal electoral districts (with each state divided into at least two districts). The remaining 200 "plurinominal deputies" are assigned through rules of proportional representation in five multi-state, 40-seat electoral regions (circunscripciones). These seats are not tied to districts; rather, they are allocated to the parties based on each party's vote in the corresponding circunscripción. The 200 plurinominal deputies are intended to counterbalance the sectional interests of the district-based deputies. Substitutes are elected simultaneously with each deputy, so special elections are rare.
From 1917 to 2015, deputies were barred from serving consecutive terms per the constitutional ban on immediate re-election to the legislature. Thus, the Chamber of Deputies was one of the few legislative bodies in the world that was completely renewed at an election. However, this changed with the 2018 election, and deputies can now run for re-election three times consecutively. Congressional elections held halfway into the six-year presidential mandate are known as mid-term elections.
The current composition of the Chamber of Deputies is as follows:
^Of the elected candidates, 124 belong to the National Regeneration Movement, 57 to the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico, and 38 to the Labor Party.
^Of the elected candidates, 29 belong to the National Action Party, 9 to the Institutional Revolutionary Party, and 1 to the Party of the Democratic Revolution.
