Campbell, Aldrich & Nulty

100 Federal Street in Boston, designed by the firm

Campbell, Aldrich & Nulty (CAN) was an architectural firm based in Boston, Massachusetts. The firm's principals were leading modernists, from the 1950s to the 1970s, when International Modernism matured in America. CAN was a successor of Campbell & Aldrich, founded in 1945. Its principals were Walter E. Campbell,[1] Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich, and Lawrence Frederick Nulty.[2] In the late 1960s and in the 1970s, the partnership of Aldrich and Nulty designed some of New England's most recognizable and controversial modernist architecture.

Building designs

Boston City Hall, designed by the firm
Boston City Hall's interior courtyard

Some of the New England structures designed by CAN in a modernist and frequently brutalist idiom are Boston's 100 Federal Street[3] 37-floor skyscraper, formerly known as the First National Bank Building and nicknamed the Pregnant Building; the Lederle Graduate Research Center at the UMass Amherst; the Merrill Science Center at Amherst College; the Weiss Science Tower at Rockefeller University; the Murdough Center at Dartmouth College;[4] and Boston City Hall.[5][6][7] A 1976 poll of architects, historians and critics conducted by the American Institute of Architects listed the Boston City Hall with Thomas Jefferson's University of Virginia campus and Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater as one of the ten proudest achievements of American architecture in the nation's first two hundred years.[8]

Restorations

A reflection of Trinity Church in Boston

CAN also completed renovations of some of Massachusetts' best known historical buildings, including modern annexes for some. Notable among these renovations and additions are those at Trinity Church (Boston), the only church in the United States and the only building in Boston considered by the American Institute of Architects to be one of the "Ten Most Significant Buildings in the United States"; Emmanuel Episcopal Church, Boston; and Salem, Massachusetts' John Tucker Daland House.[9]

Partners

Walter Campbell

Walter Edward Campbell (died 1993)[10]) studied architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and received his degree in 1926. He was named a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects in 1959.[11]

Nelson Aldrich

Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich (1911–1986) was the son of William Truman Aldrich and grandson of Senator Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich (1841-1915), making him a nephew of Abby Aldrich (Rockefeller) (wife of John D. Rockefeller Jr.) and thus the cousin of her son, Vice President Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller. He studied under Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer at the Harvard Graduate School of Design and received his architecture degree in 1938.[12] He joined Campbell in 1946 and was named a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects in 1958.[13]

He was an American modernist architect and a proponent of correlating theories of urbanism and urban planning.[clarification needed] He was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1964.[14] A Boston civic leader, in the 1960s, Aldrich was appointed a distinguished member of that city's Urban Renewal Design Advisory Committee.[15] He was a trustee of the Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston (1947-1960), the Boston Arts Festival (1955–62), the Metropolitan Boston Arts Center (1959-1963), the Rhode Island School of Design (1955-1962), Radcliffe College (1957-1972), and the Boston Architectural Center (1968-1973).

Lawrence Nulty

Lawrence Frederick Nulty (1921–2019) received his architecture degree from Yale University in 1952. He joined Campbell & Aldrich in 1955.[16]

Further reading

  • John R. Gold, The Practice of Modernism: Modern Architects and Urban Transformation, 1954-1972, Taylor & Francis (2007) ISBN 0-203-96218-4, ISBN 978-0-203-96218-3
  • J.C. Moughtin, Urban Design Methods and Techniques, Routledge (2003) ISBN 0-7506-5718-9

References

  1. ^ Lisa Mausolf, Mid 20th Century Architecture in NH: 1945-1975, December 2012 full text, p. 142
  2. ^ Ed. John F. Gane American Architects Directory, 3rd Edition, New York, New York: R.R. Bowker, LLC for American Institute of Architects © 1970, p. 133 ISBN 0-8352-0281-X
  3. ^ Douglass Shand-Tucci Built in Boston: City and Suburb, 1800-2000 Univ. of Mass. Press (1999) ISBN 1-55849-201-1, ISBN 978-1-55849-201-1, p. 296, "By the late 1970s, however, it was not only at the head of State Street that the early efforts at a distinctive Modernist aesthetic sensitive to the historic city was being abandoned. In 1971 even so venerable an institution as the First National Bank of Boston was responsible for an astonishingly bombastic tower by Campbell, Aldrich and Nulty, the heavy, dark red granite bulging middle range of which is difficult to explain and impossible to defend."
  4. ^ Scott Meacham, Dartmouth College: The Campus Guide, Princeton Architectural Press, 1st Edition (June 2008) ISBN 1-56898-348-4, p. 164 "61. The Murdough Center Campbell, Aldrich & Nulty, 1971-1973"
  5. ^ http://friendsofbostoncityhall.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/A-Walking-Tour-of-City-Hall.pdf Archived 2016-06-02 at the Wayback Machine Archived guided tour pamphlet for Boston City Hall, published by Boston City Council.
  6. ^ "Boston City Hall, One City Hall Square, Boston, Suffolk County, MA". Library of Congress.
  7. ^ http://www.docomomo-us.org/register/browser/buildings-by-designer Docomo U.S., international commission for the documentation and conservation of buildings, sites and neighborhoods of the modern movement, documentation of modern movement structures by designer
  8. ^ "AIArchitect This Week | for Whom the Polls Toll". Archived from the original on 2013-12-17. Retrieved 2013-12-17. Synopsis of AIA Polls
  9. ^ Bryant F. Tolles, Jr. Architecture of Salem UPNE (2004) ISBN 1-58465-385-X, p. 5 "Then from 1966-1968, based on plans of Campbell, Aldrich & Nulty, architects of Boston, …"
  10. ^ AIA Historical Directory
  11. ^ American Architects Directory, 3rd edition, 1970, s.v., p. 133
  12. ^ Harvard Alumni Directory
  13. ^ American Architects Directory, 3rd edition, 1970, s.v., p. 10
  14. ^ https://www.amacad.org/multimedia/pdfs/publications/bookofmembers/ChapterA.pdf Members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences: 1780-2013, p. 8
  15. ^ Philip Sinclair Hill Design Review in Urban Renewal: a Case Study of the Boston Redevelopment Authority (1966) (thesis housed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology libraries) p. 38
  16. ^ American Architects Directory, 3rd edition, 1970, s.v., p. 673