Cafres

Cafres or Kafs, are people born in Réunion of African origins. This includes people of Malagasy ancestry. [1] Many also have admixture from other ethnic groups.[2]

Use of the term

Like the Sri Lanka Kaffirs, the name Cafres is derived from the Arabic word for infidels, kafir, which in East Africa came to mean Black people specifically.

In Réunion, contrary to other countries or regions of the south-west of the Indian Ocean, the term is in common use. It means "any individual whose phenotype goes back more or less to African/Malagasy origins, as described by the sociologist Paul Mayoka in his essay "The image of the cafre".[3][4] The term is also used to mean ethnic groups of Southeast African origin from where slaves came.[5]

The term is also used in the phrase 'fête des Cafres'. This is one of the names given to the annual celebration of the abolition of slavery on the island on 20 December 1848.[6]

Origins

The ancestors of the Cafres were enslaved Africans.[1] Brought from mainland Africa and Madagascar to work the sugar plantations; these were the first slaves to be introduced to the Mascarene Islands. The slaves came from Mozambique, Guinea, Senegal and Madagascar.[2] Most trace their roots to Madagascar and East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia) although some descended from runaways from European pirate ships.[citation needed]

Religion

The Cafres are mostly Christian.[1] Due to the loose definition of the term, the rising number of second generation Muslim Comorians and Mahorians are also considered Cafres.

References

  1. ^ a b c Medea, Laurent (2002). "Creolisation and Globalisation in a Neo-Colonial Context: the Case of Réunion". Social Identities. 8 (1): 125–141. doi:10.1080/13504630220132053. S2CID 145370724.
  2. ^ a b Yu-Sion, Live (July–August 2003), "Illusion identitaire et métissage culturel chez les "Sinoi" de la Réunion", Perspectives Chinoises, 2003 (78), ISSN 1021-9013, retrieved 2008-11-01
  3. ^ Mayoka, Paul (1997). L'image du Cafre. Saint-Denis: Publications Hibiscus. pp. 12–13. ISBN 978-2-912266-00-2.
  4. ^ see also: the article CAFRE, cafrine Archived 2009-12-14 at the Wayback Machine of the lexicon which appears in Beniamino, Michel (1996). Le français de La Réunion. Vanves: EDICEF. ISBN 978-2-84129-240-0. Archived from the original on 2009-07-09.
  5. ^ "Nourritures" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-08. Retrieved 2016-10-03.
  6. ^ Esther, Martine. Les Damnés des tropiques. Editions Publibook. p. 105. ISBN 978-2-7483-4222-2. Retrieved 2009-12-18.


Stub icon

This Réunion-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Stub icon

This article about an ethnic group in Africa is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Read other articles:

UFC 156

UFC 156: Aldo vs. EdgarProdotto da{{{Prodotto da}}} Data2 febbraio 2013 Città Las Vegas, Stati Uniti SedeMandalay Bay Events Center Spettatori10.275 Cronologia pay-per-viewUFC on Fox: Johnson vs. DodsonUFC 156: Aldo vs. EdgarUFC on Fuel TV: Barao vs. McDonald Progetto Wrestling Manuale UFC 156: Aldo vs. Edgar è stato un evento di arti marziali miste organizzato dalla Ultimate Fighting Championship che si è tenuto il 2 febbraio 2013 al Mandalay Bay Events Center di Las Vegas, Stati Uniti. I...

 

LNG Academy

LNG AcademyMotoEnergi Muda Pembangun BangsaJenisPerguruan TinggiDidirikan2011DirekturJohan Anindito, S.T., M.T.Staf akademik30 (2012)Staf administrasi21 (2012)Jumlah mahasiswa45 (2020), 121 (alumni)LokasiBontang, Kalimantan Timur, IndonesiaKampusIndustriSitus webhttp://www.lngacademy.id LNG Academy adalah sebuah perguruan tinggi berbasis akademi yang berlokasi di kompleks Badak LNG, Kota Bontang, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia. LNG Academy adalah perguruan tinggi program Ahli Madya beas...

 

Louis Hayward

South African-born British actor (1909–1985) Louis HaywardLouis Hayward in Anthony Adverse (1936)BornLouis Charles Hayward(1909-03-19)19 March 1909Johannesburg, South Africa (Transvaal Colony)Died21 February 1985(1985-02-21) (aged 75)Palm Springs, California, U.S.OccupationActorYears active1930–1974Spouses Ida Lupino ​ ​(m. 1938; div. 1945)​ Peggy Morrow Field ​ ​(m. 1946; div. 1950)​...

Ballainvilliers

Peta infrastruktur dan tata guna lahan di Komune Ballainvilliers.  = Kawasan perkotaan  = Lahan subur  = Padang rumput  = Lahan pertanaman campuran  = Hutan  = Vegetasi perdu  = Lahan basah  = Anak sungaiBallainvilliersNegaraPrancisArondisemenPalaiseauKantonVillebon-sur-YvetteAntarkomuneCA Europ'EssonneKode INSEE/pos91044 /  Ballainvilliers merupakan sebuah kota dan komune di département Essonne, di region Île-de-France di Prancis. Demografi Menu...

 

Media in Pittsburgh

Mass media in Pittsburgh Pittsburgh is home to the first commercial radio station in the United States, KDKA 1020AM, the first community-sponsored television station in the United States, WQED 13, the first networked television station and the first station in the country to broadcast 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, KDKA 2, and the first newspaper published west of the Allegheny Mountains, the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. History Until 2016, Pittsburgh was one of the few mid-sized metropolitan are...

 

Bravo My Life (seri televisi)

Bravo My LifePoster promosiJudul asli브라보 마이 라이프 GenreDrama, asmaraDitulis olehJung Ji-wooSutradaraJung HyoPemeranJung Yoo-miHyun WooNegara asalKorea SelatanBahasa asliKoreaProduksiDistributorSBSRilis asliJaringanSBSFormat gambar1080i (HDTV)Format audioDolby DigitalRilis21 Oktober 2017 (2017-10-21) –sekarang (sekarang) Bravo My Life (Hangul: 브라보 마이 라이프; RR: Beurabo mai raipeu) adalah serial televisi Korea Selatan tahun 201...

Olivia de Havilland

Olivia de Havilland nel film I pascoli dell'odio (1940) Oscar alla miglior attrice 1947 Oscar alla miglior attrice 1950 Olivia Mary de Havilland (Tokyo, 1º luglio 1916 – Parigi, 26 luglio 2020) è stata un'attrice britannica naturalizzata statunitense. Sorella maggiore dell'attrice Joan Fontaine, è stata due volte vincitrice del Premio Oscar ed entrambe hanno il loro nome inscritto nella Hollywood Walk of Fame. Indice 1 Biografia 1.1 Rivalità con la sorella Joan Fontaine 1.2 Carriera cin...

 

Mario Vicini

Italian cyclist This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Mario ViciniPersonal informationFull nameMario ViciniNicknameGaiberaBorn(1913-02-21)21 February 1913Cesena, ItalyDied6 December 1995(1995-12-06) (aged 82)Cesena, ItalyTeam informationDisciplineR...

 

Waldighofen

Waldighofencomune Waldighofen – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Francia RegioneGrand Est Dipartimento Alto Reno ArrondissementAltkirch CantoneAltkirch TerritorioCoordinate47°33′N 7°19′E / 47.55°N 7.316667°E47.55; 7.316667 (Waldighofen)Coordinate: 47°33′N 7°19′E / 47.55°N 7.316667°E47.55; 7.316667 (Waldighofen) Superficie4,14 km² Abitanti1 499[1] (2009) Densità362,08 ab./km² Altre informazioniCod. postale68640 Fuso...

Piémontais

Piémontais Pays Italie, Argentine Région en Italie: Piémont, Ligurie, Lombardie Nombre de locuteurs environ 2 100 000 Classification par famille - langues indo-européennes - langues italiques - langues latino-falisques - latin - latin vulgaire - langues romanes - langues italo-romanes - groupe italien septentrional - parlers gallo-italiques - piémontais Codes de langue ISO 639-3 pms Étendue Langue individuelle Type Langue vivante Linguasphere 51-AAA-of WALS itu Glottolog piem...

 

Bjarne Riis

Bjarne Riis Bjarne Riis sull'ammiraglia del Team CSC nel 2007 Nazionalità  Danimarca Altezza 186 cm Ciclismo Specialità Strada, pista Termine carriera 1999 - ciclista CarrieraSquadre di club 1986 Roland1987Lucas1988 Toshiba1989 Super U1990-1991 Castorama1992-1993 Ariostea1994-1995 Gewiss1996-1999 Deutsche TelekomNazionale 1989-1997 DanimarcaCarriera da allenatore 2000 Memory Card2001-2008 Team CSC2009-2013 Saxo Bank2014-2015 Tinko...

 

Oceans Ate Alaska

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento gruppi musicali britannici non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Oceans Ate Alaska Paese d'origine Regno Unito GenereMetalcore[1] Periodo di attività musicale2010 – in attività[1] EtichettaFearless Records(2010-pres...

Enlace covalente

Los primeros conceptos de la unión covalente surgieron de este tipo de imagen de la molécula de carbono e hidrógeno. El enlace covalente está implícito en la estructura de Lewis indicando electrones partiendo entre los átomos. En química, un enlace covalente es una ligazón que se produce entre dos átomos no metálicos cuando se unen y comparten uno o más electrones del último nivel (electrones de valencia)[1]​ (excepto el hidrógeno que alcanza la estabilidad cuando tiene 2 e...

 

Lech Wałęsa

President of Poland from 1990 to 1995 Wałęsa redirects here. For other uses, see Wałęsa (disambiguation). Lech WałęsaWałęsa in 2019President of PolandIn office22 December 1990 – 22 December 1995Prime MinisterTadeusz MazowieckiJan Krzysztof BieleckiJan OlszewskiWaldemar PawlakHanna SuchockaWaldemar PawlakJózef OleksyPreceded byWojciech Jaruzelski (in country)Ryszard Kaczorowski (in exile)Succeeded byAleksander Kwaśniewski Personal detailsBorn (1943-09-29) 29 September 1943...

 

Arcturus

Brightest star in the constellation Boötes For other uses, see Arcturus (disambiguation). α Boötis redirects here. For A Boötis, see HD 125351. Arcturus Arcturus in the constellation of Boötes (circled) Observation dataEpoch J2000      Equinox J2000 Constellation Boötes Pronunciation /ɑːrkˈtjʊərəs/ Right ascension 14h 15m 39.7s[1] Declination +19° 10′ 56″[1] Apparent magnitude (V) −0.05[2]...

Ollerton railway station

Former railway station in Nottinghamshire, England OllertonGeneral informationLocationOllerton, Newark and SherwoodEnglandCoordinates53°11′39″N 1°01′45″W / 53.1943°N 1.0291°W / 53.1943; -1.0291Grid referenceSK 649 667Platforms2Other informationStatusDisusedHistoryOriginal companyLD&ECRPre-groupingGreat Central RailwayPost-groupingLNERBritish RailwaysKey dates15 December 1896Opened19 September 1955scheduled services ended6 September 1964excursions end, s...

 

Миссури (штат)

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Миссури. Штат США Миссури англ. Missouri Флаг Миссури Печать Миссури Девиз штата «Да будет благо народа высшим законом» Прозвище штата «Штат „Покажи-ка мне“» Столица Джефферсон-Сити Крупнейший город Канзас-Сити Население ...

 

World e-Sports Games

World e-Sports GamesSportEsportsFounded2004Ceased2010 The World e-Sports Masters (WEM) was an international competitive gaming event organized by the Hangzhou eSport Culture & Sport Communication Company, Ltd. Prize money are awarded to winning individuals and teams. It was first held in 2005 under the World e-Sports Games. The World eSports Games, Inc. was founded in 2004 by Paul Chong. Headquartered in Seoul, the first three games were held in South Korea in 2005. A year later, the even...

Cubozoa

Sứa hộpThời điểm hóa thạch: Giữa kỷ Cambri–Gần đâyChironex sp.Carukia barnesiPhân loại khoa họcGiới (regnum)AnimaliaNgành (phylum)CnidariaPhân ngành (subphylum)MedusozoaLớp (class)CubozoaWerner, 1975Các bộ Carybdeida Chirodropida Sứa hộp (lớp Cubozoa) là những động vật không xương sống thuộc ngành Thích ty bào được phân biệt bởi medusae hình khối lập phương của chúng. Một số loài sứa hộp sở hữu nọc ...

 

Roberto Spampatti

Roberto SpampattiRoberto Spampatti ai Campionati italiani di Monte Pora del 1988Nazionalità Italia Sci alpino SpecialitàSlalom gigante, slalom speciale Termine carriera1993   Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Roberto Spampatti (28 dicembre 1965) è un ex sciatore alpino italiano. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Palmarès 2.1 Coppa del Mondo 2.2 Coppa Europa 2.3 Campionati italiani 3 Note 4 Bibliografia 5 Altri progetti 6 Collegamenti esterni Biografia Originario di Clusone e attivo t...