Cadwallader D. Colden

Cadwallader D. Colden
New York State Senate (1st District)
In office
1825–1827
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from New York's 1st district
In office
December 12, 1821 – March 3, 1823
Preceded byJames Guyon, Jr.
Succeeded bySilas Wood
54th Mayor of New York City
In office
1818–1821
GovernorDeWitt Clinton
Preceded byJacob Radcliff
Succeeded byStephen Allen
New York State Assembly
In office
1818
District attorney (1st District)
In office
1810–1811
Personal details
Born
Cadwallader David Colden

(1769-04-04)April 4, 1769
Flushing, Province of New York, British America
DiedFebruary 7, 1834(1834-02-07) (aged 64)
Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S.
Political partyFederalist
Spouse
Maria Provoost
​
​
(m. 1793)​
RelationsCadwallader Colden (grandfather)
Parent(s)David Colden
Ann Alice Willett

Cadwallader David Colden (April 4, 1769 – February 7, 1834) was an American politician who served as the 54th Mayor of New York City and a U.S. Representative from New York.[1]

Early life

Colden was born at Spring Hill in Flushing, the family home, on April 4, 1769, in the Province of New York.[1] He was the son of David Colden and Ann Alice (née Willett) Colden. He was the brother of Alice Christy Colden, Maria Colden, who married Josiah Ogden Hoffman, Elizabeth Colden, who married Edward Laight, and Catherine Colden, who married Thomas Cooper.

He was the grandson of Alice (née Chrystie) Colden and Cadwallader Colden (1688–1776), who served as the Governor of the province of New York several times in the 1750s and 1770s.[2]

He was taught by a private tutor and then provided a classical education in Jamaica, New York and in London. After returning to the United States in 1785, he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1791.[1]

Career

Coat of Arms of Cadwallader D. Colden

Colden first practiced law in New York City, then moved to Poughkeepsie, New York in 1793. He returned to New York in 1796 and from 1798 to 1801, he was Assistant Attorney General for the First District, comprising Suffolk, Queens, Kings, Richmond and Westchester counties. From 1810 to 1811, he was District Attorney of the First District, comprising the above-mentioned counties and New York County.[1] In his time as an attorney, Colden argued for the defendant in the seminal property case Pierson v. Post.[3]

Colden was an active Freemason. He was the Senior Grand Warden of the Grand Lodge of New York in 1801-1805 and 1810–1819.[4]

He became a Colonel of Volunteers in the War of 1812. Despite having owned slaves, in 1815 he became president of the New York Manumission Society, established in 1785 to promote the abolition of slavery in the state.[5] He oversaw the rebuilding of the Society's African Free School in New York City. Later historians cited the energetic aid of Colden, Peter A. Jay, William Jay, Governor Daniel D. Tompkins, and others in influencing the New York legislature to set the date of July 4, 1827, for the abolition of slavery in the state.

Colden was also a member of the New York State Assembly in 1818, and the 54th Mayor of New York City from 1818 to 1821, appointed by Governor DeWitt Clinton. He successfully contested the election of Peter Sharpe to the 17th United States Congress and served from December 12, 1821, to March 3, 1823. He was a member of the New York State Senate (1st District) from 1825 to 1827, when he resigned.[2]

After his resignation from the State Senate, he moved to Jersey City, New Jersey, where he devoted much of his time to the completion of the Morris Canal.[1]

Literary accomplishments

A proponent of a national canal system, in 1825 Colden was commissioned by the Common Council of New York City, during the last days of the construction of the Erie Canal,[6] to write his Memoir, Prepared at the Request of a Committee of the Common Council of the City of New York, and Presented to the Mayor of the City, at the Celebration of the Completion of the New York Canals. The work and its Appendix contain period lithographs of the canal construction and highlights of the "Grand Canal Celebration" in New York City.[7]

Personal life

On April 8, 1793,[8][9] Colden was married to Maria Provoost (1770–1837), the daughter of Rt. Rev. Dr. Samuel Provoost, 1st Bishop of New York and Maria Bousefield Provoost.[10][11] Together, they were the parents of:

  • David Cadwallader Colden (1797–1850), who married Francis Wilkes (1796–1877),[12] daughter of banker Charles Wilkes and sister of Rear Admiral Charles Wilkes.[13]

Death

Colden died in Jersey City, New Jersey, in 1834. His body was removed in 1843 from interment in New Jersey and moved to a receiving vault in Trinity Church Cemetery in Upper Manhattan in New York City.[1] The vault was removed in 1845 and relocated to a prominent spot in the cemetery's Easterly Division, where it overlooks a rural intersection at Broadway and West 153rd Street. By 1869, preparations to widen Broadway, where the road cut through the cemetery caused Colden to be removed to another plot in the cemetery's Westerly Division that was essentially forgotten until a local historian rediscovered it in July 2011.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "COLDEN, Cadwallader David - Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
  2. ^ a b Hough, Franklin Benjamin (1858). The New York Civil List: containing the names and origin of the civil divisions, and the names and dates of election or appointment of the principal state and county officers from the Revolution to the present time. Weed, Parsons and Co. pp. 126, 139, 193, 266, and 366f. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
  3. ^ "Pierson v. Post, 3 Cai. 175 (1805)". Caselaw Access Project. Retrieved May 18, 2023.
  4. ^ Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of New York, May 1921, p. 254.
  5. ^ "Congress slaveowners", The Washington Post, February 3, 2022, retrieved February 4, 2022
  6. ^ Sheriff, Carol (1997). The Artificial River: The Erie Canal and the Paradox of Progress, 1817-1862. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 41. ISBN 9781429952484. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
  7. ^ "Erie Canal Memoir". www.conigliofamily.com. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
  8. ^ Whittelsey, Charles Barney (1902). The Roosevelt Genealogy, 1649-1902. Press of J.B. Burr & Company. p. 33. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  9. ^ Adams, Louisa Catherine (2014). A Traveled First Lady. Harvard University Press. p. 305. ISBN 9780674369276. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  10. ^ Greene, Richard Henry; Stiles, Henry Reed; Dwight, Melatiah Everett; Morrison, George Austin; Mott, Hopper Striker; Totten, John Reynolds; Pitman, Harold Minot; Ditmas, Charles Andrew; Forest, Louis Effingham De; Maynard, Arthur S.; Mann, Conklin (1880). The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record. New York Genealogical and Biographical Society. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  11. ^ Valentine's Manual of Old New York. Valentine's manual, Incorporated. 1916. p. 228. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  12. ^ "Digital Collections: ALs to Mrs. Frances Wilkes Colden". freelibrary.org. Free Library of Philadelphia. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
  13. ^ Gardner, Albert Ten Eyck; Feld, Stuart P. (1965). American Paintings: A Catalogue of the Collection of The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Vol. 1, Painters Born by 1815. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 206. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
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Legal offices
Preceded by District Attorney of the First District
Kings, New York, Queens, Richmond, Suffolk, and Westchester counties
1810–1811 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Mayor of New York City
1818–1821 		Succeeded by
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from New York's 1st congressional district
1821–1823
with Silas Wood 		Succeeded by