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Rose windmill
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Genus:	Byasa
Species:	B. latreillei
Binomial name
	Byasa latreillei; (Donovan, 1826)

Byasa latreillei, the rose windmill, is a butterfly from the windmills genus (Byasa), found in various parts of Asia, comprising tailed black swallowtail butterflies with white spots and red submarginal crescents.

Description

Wingspan: 110–130 mm.
Sexes generally alike. Tailed, with red tips.
Above, dull brownish-black.
Hindwing has a white discal band consisting of elongated spots in veins 2, 3 and 4.
The female has an additional small spot in vein 5 and only halfway to vein 6.
It also has a series of lunules in veins 2 to 5 along the margin. The lunules in veins 2 to 4 are rose coloured while the lunule in vein 5 is white.
The male has a white scent wool brand in a dorsal fold. (Wynter-Blyth).
The male can be said to resemble the common rose, and, the female, the common Mormon form stichius. (Haribal).

Male upperside dull brownish black. Forewing with streaks in cell, the internervular streaks and the veins velvety black. Hindwing: ground colour more uniform to apex of cell, beyond this interspaces 2, 3 and 4 with broad elongate white spots, the spot in interspace 2 slightly tinged outwardly with crimson; sometimes a white crimson-tinted spot also in interspace 1; a subterminal series of crimson lunules in interspaces 2 to 5, that in 5 generally more or less white; lastly, a crimson spot at apex of vein 3 and on apex of tail. Underside similar, ground colour much paler; markings of the hindwing as on the upperside, but slightly larger, the crimson spots brighter; in many specimens a small discal adnervular spot in interspace 5, and a sub-terminal small white lunule in interspace 6 also present; the crimson-tinted discal spot in interspace 1 always present. Antennae dark brownish black, head and front of the prothorax crimson, the rest of the body above black; beneath, the palpi, thorax and abdomen crimson, the middle of the thorax and of the abdomen with black markings.

Female similar, slightly paler; the white and crimson markings on the hindwing on both upper and undersides similar but larger; there is generally also a discal adnervular spot in interspace 5. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen as in the male.^[2]

Life history

Egg - not described.
Caterpillar - The larva is brownish to pale purple in colour. The larva has a shiny black head and a white obliquely-placed band on segments seven and eight. It has a large number of tubercles. The first six segments of the larva have one pair of tubercles; the seventh to tenth segments have three pairs each; the eleventh to thirteen segments each have two pairs of short tubercles. The tubercles are purple, have red tips and streaks on the base.
The pupa is reddish orange in colour and relatively broad in shape. It is attached by a body band. The pupa emits a squeak when touched.

Habits

It flies in May and June. It flies between 7,000 and 9,000 feet (2,100 and 2,700 m) in Garhwal (near Mussoorie) and between 5,000 and 6,000 feet (1,500 and 1,800 m) further east at Chungthang, north Sikkim in the Teesta valley.
The host plants include Nepenthes species.

Range

Afghanistan, Pakistan, northern India, Nepal, Bhutan, northern Myanmar, southern China and northern Vietnam.

In India, it is found in the states of Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Manipur.

Status

It is not rare and not regarded as threatened. Subspecies A. l. kabrua is protected by law in India. Requires more information.^[3]

Taxonomy

Three subspecies are described of which the following two occur in India:

B. l. latreillei Donovan Garhwal to Sikkim - not rare
B. l. kabrua Tytler Assam to northern Myanmar - not rare

Etymology

The specific epithet honours the French entomologist Pierre André Latreille.

Cited references

^ Häuser, Christoph L.; de Jong, Rienk; Lamas, Gerardo; Robbins, Robert K.; Smith, Campbell; Vane-Wright, Richard I. (28 July 2005). "Papilionidae – revised GloBIS/GART species checklist (2nd draft)". Entomological Data Information System. Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germany. Archived from the original on 9 September 2010. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
^ Bingham, C.T. (1907). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. II (1st ed.). London: Taylor and Francis, Ltd.
^ Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.

References

Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society.
Haribal, Meena (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329.