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The Bundesstraße 3 is the latest incarnation of a trade route that has been in use since the Middle Ages. The stretch between Frankfurt and Heidelberg belonged to the Archbishop of Mainz until 1461. Thereafter it was a part of the Electorate of the Palatinate until 1651. In 1661 the Archbishop of Mainz and Hesse-Darmstadt agreed to divide the toll revenue: the Archbishophric controlled the road between Frankfurt and Heppenheim when the Frankfurt Fair took place, and Hesse-Darmstadt controlled the route at all other times.
Bridge over the Leine river at Salzderhelden near Einbeck.
Construction of the modern road in the 18th century
Because of its importance to trade, in 1759 the portions immediately north and south of Heidelberg were turned into fixed roads. As the local compulsory laborers did not have the skills necessary for the construction of a high quality road, skilled road workers and engineers were recruited from Allgäu to finish the project in 1763. By 1771 the portion around Freiburg im Breisgau was also completed.
In the northern portion between Hanover and Göttingen, the second oldest road in northern Germany replaced the old dirt path in 1768 (the present-day B 217 between Hannover and Hameln already had opened two years previously as first road in Northern Germany). A decade later (1777) the stretch between Göttingen and Kassel was likewise modernised.
Earlier sections and designations
The road from Frankfurt to Basel was designated as BadischeStaatsstraße (National Road) No 1.
In the early numbering system of 1932, the Reichsstraße 3 continued in what is today the stretch between Hamburg and Lübeck. This northern segment became a part of the extended Reichsstraße 75 in 1937.
Characteristics
While in the north the B 3 is straight and at times, namely between Celle and Hanover, built like an autobahn, south of Hanover it becomes narrower and more curvy.
Between Göttingen and Kassel the B 3 is quite curvy, but also picturesquely set against the central German landscape.
Although the stretch from Borken to Marburg is particularly irregular, it is frequently used by tractor trailers from the direction of Frankfurt that want to bypass the mountains and hills around Kassel. From Marburg to Gießen the B 3 is again built like an autobahn.
From Hassell, William, Das Kurfürstenthum Hannover vom Baseler Frieden bis zur preußischen Occupation im Jahre 1806 – nach archivalischen und handschriftlichen Quellen English: The Electorate of Hanover by the Basel peace to the Prussian Occupation in 1806 - according to archival and manuscript sources, Hanover 1894, p. 86
Geschäftsbericht des Großherzoglich Badischen Ministeriums des Innern, Karlsruhe: Ferdinand Thiergarten (Badische Presse) 1907, p. 247 or Annual Report of the Grand Ducal Baden Ministry of the Interior, Karlsruhe: Ferdinand animal garden (Badische Presse).
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