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Buckland Newton
Buckland Newton
	The Church of the Holy Rood, Buckland Newton
	Buckland Newton Location within Dorset
Area	9.4 sq mi (24 km2)
Population	622
• Density	66/sq mi (25/km2)
OS grid reference	ST692053
Unitary authority	Dorset;
Shire county	Dorset;
Region	South West;
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	Dorchester
Postcode district	DT2
Dialling code	01300
Police	Dorset
Fire	Dorset and Wiltshire
Ambulance	South Western
UK Parliament	West Dorset;
	List of places UK England Dorset 50°50′47″N 2°26′24″W / 50.8463°N 2.4401°W

Buckland Newton is a village and civil parish in Dorset, England. It is situated beneath the scarp slope of the Dorset Downs, 7+1⁄2 miles (12.1 km) south of Sherborne.^[2] In the 2011 census the civil parish had a population of 622.^[1] The village covers around 6000 acres.^[3]

The village lies within the Buckland Newton Hundred. Amenities in the village include a pub (The Gaggle of Geese), shop, primary school and village hall.^[4]

Approximately three quarters of the parish lies within the Dorset National Landscape area.^[5]

History

The name 'Buckland' derives from bōc-land, Old English for 'charter land' or land with special privileges created by royal diploma, while 'Newton' is a more recent addition taken from Sturminster Newton, a nearby town.^[6]

Evidence for prehistoric settlement comes from Bronze Age barrows at Gales Hill and the Iron Age hill fort of Dungeon Hill.^[7]

The parish originally had five settlements, each with their own open field system: Buckland Newton, Brockhampton, Duntish, Henley (perhaps previously known as Knoll) and Minterne Parva, the last now part of Minterne Magna parish.^[3] Farms based on small mediaeval enclosures include Chaston Farm, Revels Farm, and possibly Bookham.^[3]

Although the Parish Church of the Holy Rood was restored in the 19th century, it has a 13th-century chancel and 15th-century nave, west tower and aisles, plus fragments of 12th-century sculpture which are evidence of an earlier structure.^[3] In 1980 the writer and literary director Roland Gant described Holy Rood as "a lovely church", but that the first impression it created was not favourable due to its exterior having been rendered in cement, "giving the Perpendicular square tower the look of a Foreign Legion fort".^[8] The church has six bells, the oldest having been cast around 1380.^[9]

Duntish Court, sited about 1⁄2 mile (0.80 km) north of the main village, was a compact, classical country house built in 1764 beside the main Weymouth to Bath turnpike road. Designed by Sir William Chambers for Fitzwalter Foy, the Court — originally named Castle Hill — had notable plasterwork, grounds of 1,300 acres (530 ha) and played a role in the arrest of agricultural labourers in Dorset's 'Captain Swing' riots of 1830. It was demolished in 1965.^[10]

Geography

Prominent nearby hills at the top of the escarpment to the southeast include the 820 ft (250 m) Ball Hill and the 860 ft (260 m) Lyscombe Hill near the Dorsetshire Gap.^[11] The southern part of the parish is mainly chalk with an elevation ranging from 500–800 feet (150–240 m). The northern lies between 300–500 feet (90–150 m) above sea-level and is mainly clay with Gault and Corallian Limestone beds.^[3]

The River Lydden rises in the numerous springs round the village, principally Buckland Bottom and Bladeley Bottom ^[11]

There are 11 locally recognised Sites of Nature Conservation Interest within or close to the parish, as well as areas of Ancient Woodland. The main habitat types for sites of wildlife interest are deciduous woodland and calcareous grassland (the latter is particularly significant for butterflies). There is also a small area of lowland meadows within Buckland Newton Itself.^[12]