British Empire Economic Conference

1932 British Empire Economic Conference Imperial Economic Conference
Host country	Canada
Date	21 July 1932– 18 August 1932
Venue(s)	House of Commons chamber, Parliament Hill
Cities	Ottawa
Participants	9
Chair	R. B. Bennett (Canadian Prime Minister)
Follows	1930
Precedes	1937
Key points
Imperial preference, tariffs, monetary standards

The British Empire Economic Conference (also known as the Imperial Economic Conference or Ottawa Conference) was a 1932 conference of British colonies and dominions held to discuss the Great Depression. It was held between 21 July and 20 August in Ottawa.

The conference saw the group admit the failure of the gold standard and abandon attempts to return to it. The meeting also worked to establish a zone of limited tariffs within the British Empire, but with high tariffs with the rest of the world. This was called "Imperial preference" or "Empire Free-Trade" on the principle of "home producers first, empire producers second, and foreign producers last". The result of the conference was a series of bilateral agreements that would last for at least 5 years.^[1] This abandonment of open free trade led to a split in the British National Government coalition: the Official Liberals under Herbert Samuel left the Government, but the National Liberals under Sir John Simon remained.

The conference was especially notable for its adoption of Keynesian ideas such as lowering interest rates, increasing the money supply, and expanding government spending.

According to a 2024 study, the impact of the agreement on Canada was limited, as Canada already had a highly protectionist trade policy.^[2]

Heads of delegations

The conference was hosted by the Governor General of Canada, The Earl of Bessborough, representing King George V and included the Prime Ministers and other leaders of the Empire and members of their respective cabinets:

Nation	Name	Portfolio
Canada	R. B. Bennett	Prime Minister (Chairman)
Australia	Stanley Bruce	Assistant Treasurer of Australia
India	Sir Atul Chandra Chatterjee	Viceroy's representative
Irish Free State	Seán T. O'Kelly	Vice-President
Newfoundland	Frederick C. Alderdice	Prime Minister
New Zealand	Gordon Coates	Minister of Public Works, Minister in charge of Unemployment
Southern Rhodesia	Howard Unwin Moffat	Prime Minister
South Africa	Nicolaas Havenga	Finance Minister
United Kingdom	Stanley Baldwin	Lord President of the Council

Notes

^ "Imperial Economic Conference". Encyclopædia Britannica.
^ Lampe, Markus; O’Rourke, Kevin Hjortshøj; Reiter, Lorenz; Yotov, Yoto V. (2024). "The Empire project: Trade policy in interwar Canada". Journal of International Economics. doi:10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.104024. hdl:10419/279168. ISSN 0022-1996.

Sources

Wikimedia Commons has media related to British Empire Economic Conference.

British Empire Economic Conference, Time magazine, 25 July 1932
Barry Eichengreen and Douglas A. Irwin, "Trade blocs, currency blocs and the reorientation of world trade in the 1930s", Journal of International Economics, Volume 38, Issues 1–2, February 1995, Pages 1–24
Robert A. MacKay, "Imperial Economics at Ottawa", Pacific Affairs, Vol. 5, No. 10 (Oct. 1932), pp. 873–885
Maxwell Slutz Stewart, The Ottawa conference, Foreign Policy Association, incorporated, 1932
"Imperial Economic Conference, Ottawa, 1932. Summary of Proceedings". Journals of the House of Representatives. Session I-II Appendix, A-06. New Zealand. 1932.
Potter, Pitman B. (1932). "The British Imperial Economic Conference". American Journal of International Law. 26 (4): 811–813.

v t e Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings
Colonial and Imperial Conferences	1887 1894 1897 1902 1907 1911 1917–1918 1921 1923 1926 1930 1932 1937
Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conferences	1944 1946 1948 1949 1951 1952 1953 1955 1956 1957 1960 1961 1962 1964 1965 1966 (Jan) 1966 (Sept) 1969
Heads of Government Meetings	1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1986 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2002 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2018 2022 2024 2026

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