Breunnerite

Breunnerite
Breunnerite from Bolzano. Italy
General
CategoryCarbonate mineral
Formula
(repeating unit)		(Mg, Fe) CO 3
Crystal systemTrigonal[1]
Identification
Colorfrom yellowish or gray-brown to brown
Cleavageperfect on a rhombohedron
Mohs scale hardness4.0-4.5
Lustermetallic
Diaphaneitytranslucent to opaque
Density3.0-3.2 (calculated)
For other uses, see brown spar.

Breunnerite, also known as brown spar[2]: 258  (German: braunspat) is a variety of magnesite, with a magnesium/iron ratio of 90/10 to 70/30.[1]

Name and history

It has been described by Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger in samples of Pfitsch pass, Zamsergrund and Großer Mt Greiner, Zemmgrund [de], two cities of the Ziller Valley, Tyrol, Austria.[3]

Haidinger named the new variety of the magnesite in honor of Count August Breunner [de][4] (sometimes the family name is written as Breuner; 1796-1877), a famous collector of minerals and fossils, as well as a high-ranking government official of Austria-Hungary.[1]

In 19th century mineralogy, as well as in mining and among geologists, breunnerite and its close analogues from the isomorphic series magnesite → siderite were more often known under the capacious morphological name ″brown spar″.[5]: 34 

Application

Breunerite is widely used in firing during the formation of raw materials for the subsequent production of refractories. When magnesium carbonate, which is part of breunerite, is brought to a temperature of about 600°C, it enters the firing process as a mineralizer, first decomposing and then reacting and forming two main compounds that act as raw materials: 2CaFe2O3 и MgOFe2O3. Breunerite produces a less pure product than a mixture of magnesia and iron oxide, but is more economical to produce.

References

  1. ^ a b c Breunnerite, a variety of Magnesite: information about the mineral breunnerite in the database Mindat.
  2. ^ 礦物學名詞: (俄英中对照試用本) Mineralogical Terminology (Russian-English-Chinese version). — Beijing: 中國科学院. 編譯出版委員会 Compilation and Publication Committee of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1956. — 279 p.
  3. ^ Mohs, Frederick; Haidinger, William (1825). Treatise on mineralogy, or, The natural history of the mineral kingdom. Vol. 1. Edinburg. p. 411.
  4. ^ Breunner, August Graf in Mineralienatlas-Fossilienatlas.
  5. ^ Bulletin of the United States National Museum. No.30. Publiched under the Directions of the Smitsonian Institution. — Washington: Government Printing Office, 1885.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Breunnerite.
  • Breunnerite, a variety of Magnesite: information about the mineral breunnerite in the database Mindat.
  • Breunnerite in database Mineralienatlas
  • Breunnerite: Sevastopol stone museum.

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