Boudinage

Banded gneiss with dike of granite orthogneiss; competent banded gneiss is boudinaged by ductile shear.

Chocolate-tablet boudinage structures in a low grade metasedimentary rock outcropping in Deception Pass, Washington

Boudinage is a geological term for structures formed by extension, where a rigid tabular body such as hornfels, is stretched and deformed amidst less competent surroundings.^[1] The competent bed begins to break up, forming sausage-shaped boudins. Boudinage is common and can occur at any scale, from microscopic to lithospheric, and can be found in all terranes.^[2] In lithospheric-scale tectonics, boudinage of strong layers can signify large-scale creep transfer of rock matter.^[2] The study of boudinage can also help provide insight into the forces involved in tectonic deformation of rocks and their strength.^[2]

Boudinage can develop in two ways: planar fracturing into rectangular fragments or by necking or tapering into elongate depressions and swells.^[3] Boudins are typical features of sheared veins and shear zones where, due to stretching along the shear foliation and shortening perpendicular to this, rigid bodies break up. This causes the resulting boudin to take a characteristic sausage or barrel shape. They can also form rectangular structures. Ductile deformation conditions also encourage boudinage rather than imbricate fracturing. Boudins can become separated by fractures or vein material; such zones of separation are known as boudin necks.^[3]

In three dimensions, the boudinage may take the form of ribbon-like boudins or chocolate-tablet boudins, depending on the axis and isotropy of extension. They range in size from about 20 m thick to about 1 cm.^[4]

Types

There are three different types of boudinage. These include no-slip boudinage, s-slip boudinage, and a-slip boudinage. No-slip boudinage occurs when there is no slip, resulting in a symmetrical structure. S-slip boudinage occurs when the boudin moves in opposition to the shear movement, whereas A-slip occurs when it moves with the direction of the shear. These types can be further classified into 5 different groups with relation to their general shape. These groups are drawn, torn, domino, gash and shearband boudins. In general, drawn and torn shapes form where there is a no-slip boudinage, domino and gash boudins by A-slip, and shearband boudins by S-slip boudinage.^[5]

Etymology

Lohest (1909) coined the term boudinage, which is derived from the French word "boudin", meaning blood sausage. Boudins were first observed and described by Belgian geologists in the Collignon quarry near Bastogne in the Ardennes (Belgium).

References

^ Fossen, H. (2010). Structural Geology. Cambridge University Press. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-521-51664-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c Marques, Fernando O., Pedro D. Fonseca, Sarah Lechmann, Jean-Pierre Burg, Ana S. Marques, Alexandre J.M. Andrade, and Carlos Alves (2012). "Boudinage in Nature and Experiment." Tectonophysics 526-529, 88-96.
^ ^a ^b Arslan, Arzu, Cees W. Passchier, and Daniel Koehn (2008). "Foliation Boudinage." Journal of Structural Geology, 30 (3), 291-309.
^ "Boudinage." Encyclopædia Britannica (2010). Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 06 Oct. 2010 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/75420/boudinage>.
^ Goscombe, B.D.; Passchier C.W.; Hand M. (2004). "Boudinage classification: end-member boudin types and modified boudin structures". Journal of Structural Geology. 26 (4): 739–763. Bibcode:2004JSG....26..739G. doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2003.08.015.

Urai, J. L., Spaeth, G., van der Zee, W. & Hilgers, C. (2001). Evolution of Mullion (Boudin) structures in the Variscan of the Ardennes and Eifel. In: Jessell, M. J. (2001). General Contributions: (2001). Journal of the Virtual Explorer, 3, 1-16 https://web.archive.org/web/20070908134406/http://www.virtualexplorer.com.au/journal/2001/03/urai/

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Boudinage.

Read other articles:

Jasin

Jasin Balai Kota Jasin Terminal bus dan taksi Jasin Sentral Jasin ialah sebuah kota di Distrik Jasin Melaka, Malaysia. Kota Jasin merupakan pusat administratif distrik Jasin. lbs MelakaIbu kota negeri: Kota MelakaDaerah (Distrik) Alor Gajah Melaka Tengah Jasin Kota Utama Kota Melaka Pemerintah lokal Dewan Kota Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya Alor Gajah Jasin Commons • Wikisource • Kategori Artikel bertopik geografi atau tempat Malaysia ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia denga...

羅生門 (電影)

本條目存在以下問題，請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。此條目需要补充更多来源。 (2018年3月17日)请协助補充多方面可靠来源以改善这篇条目，无法查证的内容可能會因為异议提出而被移除。致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：羅生門 (電影) — 网页、新闻、书籍、学术、图像），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（判定指引）。 �...

The Alchemist (film)

1983 American filmThe AlchemistTheatrical release posterDirected byCharles BandWritten byAlan J. AdlerProduced byLawrence AppelbaumStarringRobert GintyLucinda DoolingJohn SanderfordViola Kates StimpsonRobert GlaudiniCinematographyAndrew W. FriendEdited byTed NicolaouMusic byRichard BandDistributed byEmpire PicturesRelease dates 1983 (1983) (Norway) May 31, 1985 (1985-05-31) (U.S.) Running time86 minCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglish The Alchemist is a 1983 America...

Anggur Cassia

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Oktober 2022. Anggur Osmanthus Botol-botol anggur cassia Hanzi: 桂花酒 Alih aksara Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin: guìhuājiǔ - Wade-Giles: kuei-hua-chiu - Peromawian Pos: Kuei Hua Chiew Anggur Cassia Hanzi: 桂酒 Alih aksara Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin: guìjiǔ - Wade-...

Tanjung Meriah, Sitellu Tali Urang Jehe, Pakpak Bharat

Tanjung MeriahDesaKantor Kepala Desa Tanjung MeriahPeta lokasi Desa Tanjung MeriahNegara IndonesiaProvinsiSumatera UtaraKabupatenPakpak BharatKecamatanSitellu Tali Urang JeheKode pos22272Kode Kemendagri12.15.01.2001 Luas... km²Jumlah penduduk... jiwaKepadatan... jiwa/km² Tanjung Meriah adalah salah satu desa di Kecamatan Sitellu Tali Urang Jehe, Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat, Provinsi Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Pemerintahan Pusat pemerintahan Desa Tanjung Meriah berada di Dusun Sibande. Desa...

Rumiko Takahashi

Japanese manga artist (born 1957) Rumiko Takahashi高橋留美子Rumiko Takahashi with a life size figure of LumBorn (1957-10-10) October 10, 1957 (age 66)Niigata, Niigata Prefecture, JapanOccupationManga artistYears active1978–presentNotable work Urusei Yatsura Maison Ikkoku Mermaid Saga Ranma ½ Inuyasha Rin-ne Mao Awards Shogakukan Manga Award (1980, 2001) Seiun Award (1987, 1989) Inkpot Award (1994) The Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame (2018) Grand Prix de la ville d'Angoulême...

Wentzville Ice Arena

Arena and recreational sport facility located in Wentzville, Missouri Wentzville Ice ArenaWIAFormer namesWentzville Ice Arena (1998–2003)CenturyTel Ice Arnea (2003–2004)Lindenwood Ice Arena (2004–2019)LocationWentzville, MissouriOwnerCity of Wentzville Parks & RecreationOperatorCity of Wentzville Parks & RecreationCapacity750 (ice hockey)Surface85' × 200' (ice hockey)ConstructionBroke ground1998OpenedDecember 1998Construction cost$4.5 millionTenantsWentzville Indians (1998–pr...

Theresianum

Theresianum Theresianum (bahasa Jerman: Stiftung Theresianische Akademie) adalah sekolah harian dan asrama yang terletak di kota Wina, Austria. Sekolah ini didirikan pada tahun 1746 oleh Maria Theresia. Awalnya sekolah ini didirikan untuk mendidik anak-anak lelaki para bangsawan, tetapi sekolah ini juga menerima murid perempuan. Beberapa alumni terkenal dari sekolah ini adalah ekonom Austria Joseph Schumpeter, pemenang Hadiah Nobel Kimia Max Perutz, dan Perdana Menteri RUmania Titu Maiorescu....

Сибирский горный козёл

Сибирский горный козёл Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:СинапсидыКла�...

Malcolm R. Patterson

American politician (1861–1935) Malcolm R. Patterson30th Governor of TennesseeIn officeJanuary 17, 1907 – January 26, 1911Preceded byJohn I. CoxSucceeded byBen W. HooperMember of the U.S. House of Representatives from Tennessee's 10th districtIn officeMarch 4, 1901 – November 5, 1906Preceded byEdward W. CarmackSucceeded byGeorge Gordon Personal detailsBorn(1861-06-07)June 7, 1861Somerville, Alabama, Confederate States of AmericaDiedMarch 8, 1935(1935-03-08) (aged&#...

Solid-state storage

Persistent computer data storage with no moving parts Solid-state storage (SSS) is non-volatile computer storage that has no moving parts – uses only electronic circuits. This solid-state design dramatically differs from the commonly-used competing technology of electromechanical magnetic storage which uses moving media coated with magnetic material.[1][2] Generally, SSS is much faster but more expensive for the same amount of storage.[3][4][5] SSS de...

Telecommunications in Cuba

Telecommunications in Cuba consists mainly of NTSC analog television, analog radio, telephony, AMPS, D-AMPS, and GSM mobile telephony, and the Internet. Telephone service is provided through ETECSA (Telecommunications Company of Cuba), mobile telephone service is provided through the Cellular Telephone Company of Cuba (CUBACEL) and, previously, Caribbean Cellular (Celulares del Caribe, C-COM - no longer operating). Cuba's main international telecommunications links are through Intersputnik, w...

21 ottobre

gennaio · febbraio · marzo · aprile · maggio · giugno · luglio · agosto · settembre · ottobre 2024 · novembre · dicembre Ma Me Gi Ve Sa Do Lu Ma Me Gi Ve Sa Do Lu Ma Me Gi Ve Sa Do Lu Ma Me Gi Ve Sa Do Lu Ma Me Gi ← 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 → Il 21 ottobre è il 294º giorno del calendario gregoriano (il 295º negli anni bisestili). Mancano 71 giorni alla f...

Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence

International scientific society This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable, independent, third-party sources. (July 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Association for the Advancement of Artificial IntelligenceLogo since 2023AbbreviationAAAIFormation1979; 45 years ago...

غلام علي حداد عادل

غلام علي حداد عادل (بالفارسية: غلامعلی حداد عادل)‏ رئيس البرلمان الإيراني في المنصب6 يونيو 2004 – 27 مايو 2008 النائب محمد رضا باهنر حسن أبو ترابي فرد مهدي كروبي علي لاريجاني الدائرة الإنتخابية طهران، ري، شميرانات، إسلام شهر عضو في البرلمان الإيراني في المنصب28 مايو 2000 – 27 م�...

Earth System Research Laboratories

Research facility in Boulder, Colorado, United States This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Earth System Research Laboratories – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2023) (Learn...

冰岛语

此條目可参照德語維基百科相應條目来扩充，此條目在對應語言版為高品質條目。若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议，译文需在编辑摘要注明来源，或于讨论页顶部标记{{Translated page}}标签。冰岛语íslenska母语国家和地区冰島区域冰島母语使用人数330,000 （2013年）�...

Anarcho-naturism

Anarchist school of thought Part of a series onAnarchism History Outline Schools of thought Capitalist Feminist Green Primitivist Social ecology Total liberation Individualist Egoist Free-market Naturist Philosophical Mutualism Postcolonial African Black Queer Religious Christian Jewish Social Collectivist Parecon Communist Magonism Without adjectives Methodology Agorism Illegalism Insurrectionary Communization Expropriative Pacifist Platformism Especifismo Relationship Syndicalist Synthesis ...

Takht Jamshid Cup

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Takht Jamshid Cup – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Football leagueTakht Jamshid Cup جام تخت جمشید (Jâm-e Taxt-e Jamšid)Founded1974Folded1979Country Imperial State of Iran...

Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency

Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection AgencyMahkamah Agung Amerika SerikatDisidangkan pada November 29, 2006Diputus pada April 2, 2007Nama lengkap kasusMassachusetts, et al., Petitioners v. Environmental Protection Agency, et al.Docket nos.05-1120Kutipan549 U.S. 497 (lanjut)127 S. Ct. 1438, 167 L. Ed. 2d 248Versi sebelumnya415 F.3d 50, 367 U.S. App. D.C. 282 (D.C. Cir. 2005); pendengaran kembali ditolak, 433 F.3d 66, 369 U.S. App. D.C. 56 (D.C. Cir. 2005); certiorari diberikan, 549 U.S. 1...