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Bolas
Bolas
	A hunter using bolas while mounted on a horse.
Type	Throwing weapon
Place of origin	The Americas

Bolas or bolases (sg.: bola; from Spanish and Portuguese bola, "ball", also known as a boleadora or boleadeira) is a type of throwing weapon made of weights on the ends of interconnected cords, used to capture animals by entangling their legs. Bolas were most famously used by the gauchos, but have been found in excavations of Pre-Columbian settlements, especially in Patagonia, where indigenous peoples (particularly the Tehuelche) used them to catch 200-pound guanacos and rheas. The Mapuche and the Inca army used them in battle.^[1] Mapuche warriors used bolas in their confrontations with the Chilean Army during the Occupation of Araucanía (1861–1883).^[2]

Use

Gauchos used boleadoras to capture running cattle or game. Depending on the exact design, the thrower grasps the boleadora by one of the weights or by the nexus of the cords. The thrower gives the balls momentum by swinging them and then releases the boleadora. The weapon is usually used to entangle the animal's legs, but when thrown with enough force might even inflict damage (e.g. breaking a bone).

Traditionally, Inuit have used bolas to hunt birds, fouling the birds in air with the lines of the bola. People of a Feather showed Belcher Island Inuit using bolas to hunt eider ducks on the wing.^[3]

Design

There is no uniform design; most bolas have two or three balls, but there are versions of up to eight or nine. Some bolas have balls of equal weight; others vary the knot and cord. Gauchos use bolas made of braided leather cords with wooden balls or small leather sacks full of stones at the ends of the cords.

Bolas can be named depending on the number of weights used:

Perdida (one weight)
Avestrucera or ñanducera (two weights, for rheas)
Somai (two weights)^[4]
Achico (three weights)^[4]
Boleadora (three weights)
Kiipooyaq (Inuit name for bolas with three or more weights^[5]^[6])

Bolas of three weights are usually designed with two shorter cords with heavier weights, and one longer cord with a light weight. The heavier weights fly at the front parallel to each other, hit either side of the legs, and the lighter weight goes around, wrapping up the legs.

Other unrelated versions include qilumitautit, the bolas of the Inuit, made of sinew and bone weights and used to capture water birds.^[7]

Popular culture

At the "Anthropology Days" associated with the 1904 Summer Olympics, a "bolo throw" event was contested at Francis Olympic Field, where the top 3 finishers were all Tehuelche and the winning distance was 209 feet (64 m).^[8]
In the series Zorro (1957), episode 33 of season 1: "The Deadly Bolas", features this weapon.
In the anime Belle and Sébastien, episode 40: "Chained Belle" (ボーレアドーラの恐怖, Bōreadōra no kyōfu) shows an expert in the handling of bolas.
The fictional comic book character "Batman", along with his allies known as the "Bat-Family", are often seen using bolas to capture criminals in "Gotham City".
In the 1979 James Bond film Moonraker, a bolas is featured as a weapon made by the Q Branch.
In the How To Train Your Dragon film franchise, bolas are semi-frequently used as a dragon hunting weapon, to bind the wings and prevent flight.

References

^ Bengoa, José (2000). Historia del pueblo mapuche: Siglos XIX y XX (Seventh ed.). LOM Ediciones. pp. 243–246. ISBN 956-282-232-X.
^ Cayuqueo, Pedro (2020). Historia secreta mapuche 2. Santiago de Chile: Catalonia. p. 42. ISBN 978-956-324-783-1.
^ Tracy Allard (8 November 2013). "People of a Feather (2011)". IMDb. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
^ ^a ^b Blair, Claude and Tarassuk, Leonid, eds. (1982). The Complete Encyclopedia of Arms and Weapons. p. 92. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-42257-X.
^ "Inuit Bola". Gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca. Archived from the original on 8 November 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
^ [1] Archived July 9, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
^ "AULEX - Diccionario Quechua - Español; en línea". aulex.org. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
^ "Olympedia – Bolo Throw - Anthropological Days (Tehuelche), Men". www.olympedia.org. Retrieved 2024-03-07.