The reservoir has a drainage basin of four square miles (10 km2), and holds 4.4 billion US gallons (17,000,000 m3) of water at full capacity. Its main function is to serve as a storage reservoir for the 5.2 billion US gallons (20,000,000 m3) East Branch Reservoir, to which it is connected by a tunnel.
The Bog Brook Reservoir is one of 12 reservoirs in the Croton Watershed.