Bocce

Bocce
Bocce players scoring a match, 2005
Highest governing bodyFédération Internationale de Boules
NicknamesBocci
First played18th century in Italy
Characteristics
ContactNon-contact
Team membersSingles and doubles
Mixed-sexYes, separate tours and mixed doubles
TypeBall games
EquipmentBocce (balls) and pallino (jack)
Presence
Country or regionWorldwide
OlympicNo
ParalympicNo
World GamesNo
An Argentine family playing bocce in San Vicente, Buenos Aires, c. 1902
Bocce play in Cape Coral, Florida, United States in 2007
Bocce being played
a typical bocce set

Bocce (/ˈbɒtʃi/ ⓘ,[1][2] or /ˈbɒtʃeɪ/,[3] Italian: [ˈbɔttʃe]), sometimes anglicized as bocce ball,[4] bocci,[5] or boccie,[1] is a ball sport belonging to the boules family. Developed into its present form in Italy, it is closely related to English bowls and French pétanque, with a common ancestry from ancient games played in the Roman Empire. Bocce is played around Western, Southern, and Southeastern Europe, as well as in overseas areas with historical Italian immigrant population, including Australia, North America, and South America, principally Argentina and the southern Brazilian states of Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. Initially only played by Italian immigrants, the game has slowly gained popularity among descendant generations and outside the Italian diaspora. [6]

History

Having developed from games played in the Roman Empire, Bocce developed into its present form in Italy,[7] where it is called bocce, the plural of the Italian word boccia which means 'bowl' in the general sporting sense,[8] it spread around Europe and also in regions to which Italians have migrated. The first form of regulation was described in the book "Gioco delle bocchie" by Raffaele Bisteghi in 1753.[9] In South America it is known as bochas, or bolas criollas ('Criollo balls') in Venezuela, and bocha in southern Brazil. The accessibility of bocce to people of all ages and abilities has seen it grow in popularity among Special Olympics programmes globally and it is now the third most played sport among Special Olympics athletes.[10]

Geographical spread

The sport is also very popular on the eastern side of the Adriatic, especially in Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the sport is known in Serbo-Croatian as boćanje ('playing boće') or balote (colloquially also bućanje).[11][12][13] In Slovenia the sport is known as balinanje[14] or colloquially 'playing boče', or bale (from Italian bocce and Venetian bałe, meaning 'balls').[15] There are numerous bocce leagues in the United States. [16]

Rules and play

Bocce is traditionally played on a natural soil or asphalt court up to 27.5 metres (90 ft) in length and 2.5 to 4 metres (8.2 to 13.1 ft) wide.[17] While the court walls are traditionally made of wood or stone, many social leagues and Special Olympics programs now use inflatable 'Packabocce' PVC courts due to their portability and ease of storage.[18][19] Bocce balls can be made of wood (traditional), metal,[17] baked clay, or various kinds of plastic. Unlike lawn bowls, bocce balls are spherical and have no inbuilt bias.

A game can be conducted between two players, or two teams of two, three, or four. A match is started by a randomly chosen side being given the opportunity to throw a smaller ball, the jack (called a boccino ('little bocce') or pallino ('bullet' or 'little ball') in Italian, depending on local custom), from one end of the court into a zone 5 metres (16 ft) in length, ending 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) from the far end of the court. If the first team misses twice, the other team is awarded the opportunity to place the jack anywhere they choose within the prescribed zone.[7] Casual play is common in reasonably flat areas of parks and yards lacking a Bocce court, but players should agree to the minimum and maximum distance the jack may be thrown before play begins.

The side that first attempted to place the jack is given the opportunity to bowl first. Once the first bowl has taken place, the other side has the opportunity to bowl. From then on, the side which does not have the ball closest to the jack has a chance to bowl, up until one side or the other has used their four balls. At that point, the other side bowls its remaining balls. The object of the game is for a team to get as many of its balls as possible closer to the target ball (jack, boccino, pallino) than the opposing team. The team with the closest ball to the jack is the only team that can score points in any frame. The scoring team receives one point for each of their balls that is closer to the jack than the closest ball of the other team. The length of a game varies by region but is typically from 7 to 13 points.[20][7]

Players are permitted to throw the ball in the air using an underarm action only. This is generally used to knock either the jack or another ball away to attain a more favorable position. Tactics can get quite complex when players have sufficient control over the ball to throw or roll it accurately.[7]

Variants

Bocce volo

Main article: Bocce volo

A variation called bocce volo uses a metal ball, which is thrown overhand (palm down), after a run-up to the throwing line. In that latter respect, it is similar to the French boules game jeu provençal also known as boule lyonnaise which is internationally called sport-boules. Another French variant of the game is called pétanque, and (lacking the run-up) is more similar in some respects to traditional bocce.[21]

Boccia

Main article: Boccia
Australian boccia team members

Another development, for persons with disabilities, is called boccia. It is a shorter-range game, played with leather balls on an indoor, smooth surface. Boccia was first introduced to the Paralympics at the 1984 New York/Stoke Mandeville Summer Games, and is one of the only two Paralympic sports that do not have an Olympic counterpart (the other being goalball).[22]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Boccie". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
  2. ^ "boccie". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
  3. ^ "bocce". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020.
  4. ^ E.g.: Brown, Jennifer (2 August 2019). "In Denver, a binge drinking capital, the sober curious movement is gaining popularity". The Colorado Sun. Denver: Civil. Retrieved 7 August 2019. strangers played bocce ball on a June night
  5. ^ "bocci". American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2019 – via TheFreeDictionary.com.
  6. ^ ""From unified sport to Olympic dreams: Bocce's meteoric rise"". 2024. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  7. ^ a b c d Rix, Juliet (2015). "Boċċi". Malta and Gozo. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 309. ISBN 978-1-78477-025-9.
  8. ^ "boccia". Collins Italian–English. Retrieved 8 November 2012 – via CollinsDictionary.com.
  9. ^ Treccani encyclopedia: read first section
  10. ^ "Special Olympics bocce sport profile". Special Olympics International. 6 August 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  11. ^ "Hrvatski boćarski savez - HBS". hrvatski-bocarski-savez.hr.
  12. ^ Croatian Bocce Federation
  13. ^ "BiH Bocce Association". Archived from the original on 29 May 2009. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
  14. ^ "Bocce Association of Slovenia". Archived from the original on 11 June 2010. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
  15. ^ "Slovene Ethnographic Museum". Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
  16. ^ ""United States Bocce Federation"". Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  17. ^ a b "Bocce Volo - Rules - Ch. 1". boccevolo.com.
  18. ^ Ussery, Peggy (15 February 2020). "Bocce ball newest sport for Dothan's Special Olympians". Dothan Eagle. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  19. ^ "Oddball Sports - The Best Pop-Up Bocce Settings of All-Time". oddballsports.tv. Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  20. ^ "Bocce Volo - Rules - Ch. 2". boccevolo.com.
  21. ^ Petanque vs. Bocce at Petanque America Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ "Boccia". Paralympic.org. International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bocce.

Read other articles:

List of Australian films of the 1990s

This article is part of a series on theCinema ofAustralia List of Australian films Early years and the Silent film era pre 1910 1910s 1920s The war years and post-World War II 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980s 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990s 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000s 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010s 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020s 2020 2021 ...

 

John St. Polis

John St. PolisSt. Polis dalam Party Girl (1930)Lahir(1873-11-24)24 November 1873New Orleans, Louisiana, Amerika SerikatMeninggal8 Oktober 1946(1946-10-08) (umur 72)Los Angeles, California, Amerika SerikatPekerjaanPemeranTahun aktif1909–1943 John M. St. Polis (nama lahir John Marie Sainpolis; 24 November 1873 – 8 Oktober 1946) adalah seorang pemeran asal Amerika Serikat.[1] Ia tampil dalam 126 film antara 1914 dan 1943. Filmografi pilihan Soldiers of Fortun...

 

Ekologi terapan

Pekerja lingkungan meletakkan containment boom di kawasan Pangkalan Angkatan Udara Offutt ketika banjir untuk mengantisipasi kemungkinan menyebarnya bahan bakar yang bocor ke lingkungan Ekologi terapan adalah salah satu sub-bidang ekologi yang menggunakan ilmu terapan dari ilmu ekologi untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan di dunia. Ekologi terapan juga mencakup bidang ilmu yang fokus kepada penerapan konsep, teori, model, atau metode-metode ekologi dasar ke permasalahan lingkungan.[1] Kon...

العلاقات الفيجية الناوروية

العلاقات الفيجية الناوروية فيجي ناورو   فيجي   ناورو تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الفيجية الناوروية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين فيجي وناورو.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقارنة فيجي ناورو ال�...

 

Budjak

Wilayah Budjak di Ukraina Budjak atau Budzhak adalah wilayah historis yang terletak di Oblast Odessa, Ukraina. Wilayah multietnis ini merupakan bagian selatan dari Bessarabia dan berbatasan dengan Moldova di utara dan barat, Rumania di selatan dan Laut Hitam di timur. Nama Budjak diberikan kepada wilayah ini selama dominasi Utsmaniyah (1484-1812) dan berasal dari kata dalam bahasa Turki, bucak, yang berarti pojok atau segitiga. Pranala luar (Jerman) Karte deutscher siedlungen in Bessarabien M...

 

Condensazione

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando il meccanismo di difesa psicologico, vedi Condensazione (psicologia). Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando il significato geologico del termine, vedi Liquefazione delle sabbie. Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando la reazione chimica di condensazione, vedi Reazione di condensazione. Il vapore acqueo presente nell'aria condensa a contatto con la superficie fredda di una bottiglia La condensazione è la transizione di fase dalla fase aeriforme alla fase liq...

The Little Minister (film 1922)

The Little MinisterPoster filmSutradaraDavid SmithProduser Vitagraph Company of America Albert E. Smith Ditulis oleh C. Graham Baker (skenario) Harry Dittmar (skenario) BerdasarkanThe Little Minister olehJames BarriePemeran Alice Calhoun James Morrison SinematograferStephen Smith Jr.DistributorVitagraph Company of AmericaTanggal rilis 22 Januari 1922 (1922-01-22) Durasi6 rolNegaraAmerika SerikatBahasaBisu (intertitel Inggris) The Little Minister adalah sebuah film drama bisu Amerika...

 

Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award

Major League Baseball award Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP)The Most Valuable Player Award given to Hank Aaron in 1957SportBaseballLeagueMajor League BaseballAwarded forRegular season most valuable player of American League and National LeagueCountryUnited States, CanadaPresented byBaseball Writers' Association of AmericaHistoryFirst award1931Most recentRonald Acuña Jr. (NL)Shohei Ohtani (AL)The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major L...

 

Jembatan Wheatstone

Ilustrasi Jembatan Wheatstone Jembatan Wheatstone adalah sebuah istilah untuk jembatan khusus dalam rangkaian elektronik, ini memiliki kegunakan untuk memperoleh ketelitian dalam melaksanakan pengukuran terhadap suatu tahanan ukuran listrik yang nilainya relatif kecil sekali umpamanya saja suatu kebocoran dari kabel tanah atau hubungan pendek. Rangkaian ini dibentuk oleh empat buah hambatan listrik (R) yang merupakan segi empat A-B-C-D dalam hal mana rangkaian ini dihubungkan dengan sumber te...

大字 (数字)

この項目には、一部のコンピュータや閲覧ソフトで表示できない文字が含まれています（詳細）。 数字の大字（だいじ）は、漢数字の一種。通常用いる単純な字形の漢数字（小字）の代わりに同じ音の別の漢字を用いるものである。 概要 壱万円日本銀行券（「壱」が大字） 弐千円日本銀行券（「弐」が大字） 漢数字には「一」「二」「三」と続く小字と、「壱」「�...

 

Шаблон:Земская почта

Земская почтаУезды Алатырский Александрийский Ананьевский Ардатовский Арзамасский Аткарский Ахтырский Балашовский Бахмутский Бежецкий Белебеевский Белозерский Бердянский Бобровский Богородский Богучарский Борисоглебский Боровичский Бронницкий Бугульминский Бу�...

 

Isaac II Angelos

Byzantine emperor from 1185 to 1195 and 1203 to 1204 Isaac II AngelosEmperor and Autocrat of the RomansPortrait of Isaac II (from a 15th-century codex containing a copy of the Extracts of History by Joannes Zonaras)Byzantine emperorReign12 September 1185 –8 April 1195PredecessorAndronikos I KomnenosSuccessorAlexios III AngelosReign19 July 1203 –27 January 1204Coronation1 August 1203[1]SuccessorAlexios V DoukasCo-EmperorAlexios IV AngelosBornSeptember 1156DiedJanuary 1204 (aged 47)...

Teatro drammatico nazionale di Lubiana

SNG DRAMAUbicazioneStato Slovenia LocalitàLubiana Indirizzon. 18 di via Erjavec RealizzazioneInaugurazione24 ottobre 1867 Sito ufficiale Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Il Teatro drammatico nazionale di Lubiana (o Teatro Drammatico Nazionale sloveno di Lubiana), è il teatro nazionale della Slovenia, sito a Lubiana, ben conosciuto per il suo repertorio tradizionale, che comprende opere europee e slovene drammatiche classiche e opere contemporanee scelte, non commerciali. La su...

 

赫瓦贾·纳齐姆丁

His Excellency赫瓦贾·纳齐姆丁爵士খাজা নাজিমুদ্দীন خواجہ ناظِمُ الدّین‬‎CIE, KCIE摄于1948年第2任巴基斯坦總理任期1951年10月17日—1953年4月17日君主佐治六世伊莉沙白二世总督古拉姆·穆罕默德前任利雅卡特·阿里·汗继任Mohammad Ali Bogra（英语：Mohammad Ali Bogra）第2任巴基斯坦總督（英语：Governor-General of Pakistan）任期1948年9月14日—1951年10月17日君�...

 

2016年美國總統選舉

2016年美國總統選舉 ← 2012 2016年11月8日 2020 → 538個選舉人團席位獲勝需270票民意調查投票率55.7%[1][2] ▲ 0.8 %   获提名人 唐納·川普 希拉莉·克林頓 政党 共和黨 民主党 家鄉州 紐約州 紐約州 竞选搭档 迈克·彭斯 蒂姆·凱恩 选举人票 304[3][4][註 1] 227[5] 胜出州/省 30 + 緬-2 20 + DC 民選得票 62,984,828[6] 65,853,514[6]...

NTPC Dadri

Thermal power plant in Dadri, India This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: NTPC Dadri – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message) National Capital Power StationAerial view of NTPC power station, DadriCountryIndiaLocationGautam Budh Nagar district, Uttar Pra...

 

Противостояние (телесериал)

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Противостояние. Противостояние Жанры драма, военный фильм, криминальный фильм, детективный фильм Режиссёр Семён Аранович На основе Противостояние Авторсценария Юлиан Семёнов В главныхролях Олег Басилашвили Андрей Бо...

 

Bajrangi Bhaijaan

2015 Indian adventure comedy-drama film Bajrangi BhaijaanTheatrical release posterDirected byKabir KhanScreenplay byKabir KhanParveez SheikhV. Vijayendra PrasadStory byV. Vijayendra Prasad Dialogue byKabir KhanKausar Munir Produced bySalman KhanRockline Venkatesh Kabir KhanStarringSalman KhanHarshaali MalhotraKareena Kapoor Khan Nawazuddin SiddiquiCinematographyAseem MishraEdited byRameshwar S. BhagatMusic byScore:Julius PackiamSongs:PritamProductioncompaniesSalman Khan FilmsRockline Entertai...

Francs Peak

Mountain in Wyoming, United States Francs PeakFrancs Peak from Haymaker PassHighest pointElevation13,158 ft (4,011 m)[1]Prominence4,056 ft (1,236 m)[1]ListingNorth America highest peaks 120thUS highest major peaks 100thCoordinates43°57′41″N 109°19′51″W / 43.96139°N 109.33083°W / 43.96139; -109.33083[2]GeographyFrancs PeakLocation in WyomingShow map of WyomingFrancs PeakLocation in the United StatesShow map of...

 

Philippine nationality law

History and regulations of Philippine citizenship Constitution of the PhilippinesArticle IV: CitizenshipConstitutional CommissionTerritorial extentPhilippinesPassed byConstitutional plebiscitePassedFebruary 2, 1987CommencedFebruary 2, 1987[1]Status: Current legislation Philippine nationality law details the conditions by which a person is a national of the Philippines. The two primary pieces of legislation governing these requirements are the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines ...