Blythswood Hill, crowned by Blythswood Square, is an area of central Glasgow, Scotland. Its grid of streets extend from the length of the west side of Buchanan Street to Gordon Street and Bothwell Street, and to Charing Cross, Sauchiehall Street and Garnethill. Developed from 1800 onwards, its Georgian and Victorian architecture is a Conservation Area. It started as the "Magnificent New Town of Blythswood", becoming a part of the city-centre's business and social life.[1][2]
History
West George Street on Blythswood Hill, Glasgow city centre, viewing westBlythswood Square, Glasgow, from the north side in line with West Regent Street.St Vincent Street on Blythswood Hill, Glasgow around 1830, viewing east.West Nile Street, the start of Blythswood Hill, viewing north from Gordon Street, Glasgow.St Vincent Street close to the summit of Blythswood Hill, Glasgow.Bothwell Street , Glasgow, viewing west
After the Reformation the vast Lands of Blythswood, extending west and north to the River Kelvin and south to the River Clyde, were owned by the Glasgow merchant family Elphinstone; one descendant George Elphinstone became an MP of the Scots Parliament. Through his daughter it changed to the Douglas-Campbell family during the 17th century. Archibald Campbell, whose son became Lord Blythswood, setting about feuing the lands to developers.[3]
Sitting on the western side of Buchanan Street, and starting at West Nile Street, rising to Sauchiehall Street and Blythswood Square it proceeds to the Charing Cross area. To its north is Garnethill. Blythswood Hill contains the area from Renfrew Street, Sauchiehall Street and Bath Street south to Bothwell Street and Waterloo Street.[4]
The first new street to be opened up for housing was Sauchiehall Street, followed by Bath Street in 1802, by textile manufacturer and merchant William Harley (1767-1830). He also formed his indoor public baths, pioneered the first hygienic dairy in Europe, and a bakery at the eastern end of Bath Street.[5][6] His planned Blythswood Square sits partly on his extensive pleasure grounds, viewing tower, orchards and bowling green which he opened for the public, next to his house of Willow Bank.[5] Harley also owned much of the hill to the north which he named Garnethill in honour of Professor Thomas Garnett.[1]
Blythswood developed thanks to the mercantile expansion of the city in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, housing the city's wealthy cotton merchants, chemical manufacturers and shipping magnates in Georgian townhouses and Victorian terraces. The whole area is on a grid-iron layout which started first around George Square in the 1790s, adopted by Glasgow Town Council, and continued for urban development west over Blythswood, and south over the Clyde to Tradeston, Laurieston and Hutchesontown. The grid-iron system was later adopted in 1830 by New York, followed later by Chicago, and other cities in America.[3]
Blythswood Square was the home of Madeleine Smith, a daughter of architect James Smith, who in 1857 was tried in the High Court for the murder by arsenic poisoning of her lover Pierre Emile L'Angelier. Although the case was not proven, to the delight of the public, the story scandalised Scottish society, and is recounted in Jack House's 1961 book Square Mile of Murder.[citation needed]
Residential use is returning to parts of Blythswood Hill, while remaining mainly offices, hotels, shops, restaurants and art organisations.[citation needed] The former Royal Scottish Automobile Club building at 8-13 Blythswood Square has been converted to form the Blythswood Square Hotel.[7]Glasgow Art Club continues in its duo of townhouses in Bath Street.[citation needed]
St. Vincent Street is the longest street and contains the largest number of buildings across the Hill, starting at the south west corner of George Square next to Buchanan Street. Rising westward it passes the summit and descends further west, crossing over the sunken M8 motorway to its junction with Argyle Street at Finnieston, where now stands the city's first statue to architect Charles Rennie Mackintosh.[citation needed]
Notable buildings
Blythswood Square Category B listed terraces on each of its four sides (c.1823 – 1829) frontages by John Brash for the trustees and successors of William Harley[8]
Blythswood Square Hotel (2009) conversion of Royal Scottish Automobile Club, remodelled 1923 by James Miller[9]
Bothwell Chambers [de] (1850) by Alexander Kirkland, 4-28 Bothwell Street, corner of Hope Street, first and original buildings in new street and first purpose-built speculative offices in Glasgow
