Blend (textile)

A blend is a mixture of two or more fibers. In yarn spinning, different compositions, lengths, diameters, or colors may be combined to create a blend.[1] Blended textiles are fabrics or yarns produced with a combination of two or more types of different fibers, or yarns to obtain desired traits and aesthetics. Blending is possible at various stages of textile manufacturing.[2] The term, blend, refers to spun fibers or a fabric composed of such fibers.[1][3] There are several synonymous terms: a combination yarn is made up of two strands of different fibers twisted together to form a ply;[1] a mixture or mixed cloth refers to blended cloths in which different types of yarns are used in warp and weft sides.[4][5]

Union or union fabric was a 19th century term for a blended fabric. It is no longer used.[6]

History

Blending in textiles is an old practice which became more widespread after around 1980. Recognizing the growing popularity of blends, the Wool Bureau introduced the "Wool blend" mark in 1970 for blends containing a high percentage of wool.[1]: 21  Viyella was the first branded blended textile, and it is the oldest blended flannel structure. It features a twill weave of wool and cotton, and due to the cotton content, it can be washed more easily than an all-wool flannel.[1]: 311 

  • An admixture of silk and cotton from Hindustan called Mashru is one of the earliest forms of "mixed cloth,".[7] In the 12th century A.D., the industry was under the influence of Muslims. While Muslim men were not allowed to wear pure silk due to a religious admonition, a silk-and-cotton blend they made was permitted. It was known as "Mashru."[8][9] Mashru was the name given to a group of mixed fabrics. Mashru is an Arabic word that literally means "permitted."[10]
  • Siamoise was a 17th-century cotton and linen material.[11]

Fibers for blends

Spun fibers

Any fiber has the potential to contribute to a blended fabric depending upon the intended use.[12]: 6  Continuous testing is carried out to determine the best fiber blends and the percentages that are best suited to specific uses. Polyester is the most frequently used synthetic fibre, it has earned the name, "workhorse" fiber of the industry. The staple form of the Polyester fibers has been referred as "big mixer" because of its compatibility in blending. Polyester imparts many properties without affecting the properties of other fibers.[1]: 74 

Bicomponent fibers

Bicomponent fiber are the fibers produced by mixing two different polymers to achieve the properties of both fibers. For example, Polyester and Nylon may be mixed together in extrusion. The polymers in the bicomponent may have entirely different physical and chemical properties.[13]

Advantages

Products with blends, mixtures, and combinations may have properties that differ from those obtained with a single fiber. Blending may add value and may reduce the cost of the product.[1][3] For example, cotton is most often mixed with other fibers, particularly synthetics. This blending can be used to make cotton-like fabrics with improved functionality such as wrinkle resistance and dimensional stability. The addition of spandex to cotton improves the stretch of the product.[14]

Spinning advantages

Uniformity

Blending is also used to describe the process of combining small amounts of the same fibers from various lots to produce a uniform result. The process is known as "blending" in spinning.[3] The blending of similar kinds of fibers or different fibers is possible at various stages of yarn spinning, such as the blow room, draw frame, and roving.[15][1]: 145 

Spinning weak fibers

Blending helps in spinning those fibers which are weak and difficult to spin. For example, milkweed fibers lack strength and cohesion.[14]: 72 

Core spun yarns

In core spun yarns; a filament yarn is wrapped with staple fibers. Spandex filament may be wrapped with cotton fibers to form a core spun yarn. These yarns are called "composite yarns."[1]: 97, 145 

Functional advantages

Comfort

Blends help in reducing the discomfort of certain synthetic clothing. Synthetic fibers, such as polyester, have a moisture regain rate of only 0.4'0.8 percent. Poor absorbency reduces the comfort of clothing that comes into direct contact with the skin. Blending polyester with absorbent fibers such as cotton improves the wearing comfort. Polyester-cotton blended clothing is more comfortable to wear in humid climates than polyester alone.[1]: 79 

A heavy pair of jeans made of 100% cotton that weigh 14 oz (396.9 g) can be cut down to 11 oz (311.8 g), without compromising durability, by changing the composition to a blend of polyester 50% with cotton or nylon 20%.[12]

Aesthetic advantages

Blends help to create a variety of aesthetic effects.:

Plated fabrics

Blending is also used to create many weaving and knitting structures, such as plated fabrics.[16]

Burnt out patterns

Devoré is a pattern-making technique that involves dissolving cellulosic fibers in acids. Typically, a polyester-cotton blend is used for this purpose.[17]

Heather or melange fabrics

Heather is a term used to describe a color effect created by combining two or more different colored fibers or yarns in a fabric.[18] Grey melange, marl and gaspe are examples of blending fibers and yarns.

Cross-dyed fabrics

Blends are also used for cross-dyed fabrics. When dyeing fabric with two different classes of dyes in a blend, it is possible to dye both parts in completely different colors. It is called "cross-dyeing."[19]

Economical products

Besides contributing to comfort and functionality, blends can produce economical materials.

  • Camel hair can be blended with sheep wool. Camel hair provides better thermal insulation per weight, and it is finer and more expensive than cotton, so a camelhair-sheepwool blend produces a lighter and warmer blend than sheepwool alone.[1]: 30 
  • Cotton is frequently blended with polyester; the blend is more economical than a 100% cotton product.[20]
  • Cashmere (an expensive wool) and sheep wool are sometimes blended together to make the product cost-effective.[21]

Nonwoven fabric advantages

Nonwoven fabrics of various types can be manufactured using a blending process. A polyester and viscose blend is used in baby wipes. For different items, distinct weight ratios are used.[22]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Hollen, Norma Rosamond (1979). Textiles. New York: Macmillan. p. 143. ISBN 978-0-02-356130-6.
  2. ^ Barnett, Anne (1997). Examining Textiles Technology. Heinemann. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-435-42104-5.
  3. ^ a b c "blending | yarn manufacturing | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-01-02.
  4. ^ Kadolph, Sara J. (1998). Textiles. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Merrill. p. 402. ISBN 978-0-13-494592-7.
  5. ^ Fairchild's dictionary of textiles. New York: Fairchild Publications. 1959. p. 355.
  6. ^ Montgomery, Florence M. (1984). Textiles in America 1650-1870 : a dictionary based on original documents, prints and paintings, commercial records, American merchants' papers, shopkeepers' advertisements, and pattern books with original swatches of cloth. New York; London: Norton. p. 369. ISBN 978-0-393-01703-8.
  7. ^ Indian Journal of History of Science. National Institute of Sciences of India. 1982. pp. 120, 128.
  8. ^ Rutnagur, Sorabji M. (1985). The Indian Textile Journal. Business Press. p. 54.
  9. ^ Rutnagur, Sorabji M. (1985). The Indian Textile Journal. Business Press.
  10. ^ Crill, Rosemary (2006). Textiles from India: The Global Trade : Papers Presented at a Conference on the Indian Textile Trade, Kolkata, 12-14 October 2003. Seagull Books. p. 331. ISBN 978-1-905422-17-3.
  11. ^ Montgomery, Florence M. (1984). Textiles in America 1650-1870 : a dictionary based on original documents, prints and paintings, commercial records, American merchants' papers, shopkeepers' advertisements, and pattern books with original swatches of cloth. New York; London: Norton. p. 347. ISBN 978-0-393-01703-8.
  12. ^ a b Wingate, Isabel Barnum (1976). Textile fabrics and their selection. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-13-912840-0.
  13. ^ Joseph, Marjory L. (1992). Joseph's introductory textile science. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers. pp. 73, 74. ISBN 978-0-03-050723-6.
  14. ^ a b Collier, Billie J. (2009). Understanding textiles. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-13-118770-2.
  15. ^ Miao, Menghe; Xin, John H. (2017-09-07). Engineering of High-Performance Textiles. Woodhead Publishing. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-08-101885-9.
  16. ^ Denton, Michael James; Daniels, Paul N. (2002). Textile Terms and Definitions. Textile Institute. p. 255. ISBN 978-1-870372-44-2.
  17. ^ Wardman, Roger H. (2017-09-20). An Introduction to Textile Coloration: Principles and Practice. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-119-12158-9.
  18. ^ heddels. "Heather". Heddels. Retrieved 2022-01-03.
  19. ^ Wardman, Roger H. (2017-09-20). An Introduction to Textile Coloration: Principles and Practice. John Wiley & Sons. p. 382. ISBN 978-1-119-12158-9.
  20. ^ Townsend, Terry (2005-10-30). Cotton Trading Manual. Elsevier. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-84569-092-2.
  21. ^ Collier, Billie J. (2009). Understanding textiles. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-13-118770-2.
  22. ^ Das, Dipayan; Pourdeyhimi, Behnam (2014-03-14). Composite Nonwoven Materials: Structure, Properties and Applications. Elsevier. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-85709-775-0.
Look up Blend, blend, blended, or blending in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Read other articles:

Ouistreham

For the 2021 French film, see Between Two Worlds (2021 film). You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (April 2015) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the French article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply...

 

Pylon (arsitektur)

Pylon pertama kuil Isis, Philae Pylon adalah gerbang monumental Kuil Mesir (bahasa Mesir: bxn.t dalam transliterasi Manuel de Codage[1]). Kata tersebut berasal dari istilah Yunani πυλών 'gerbang'. Terdiri dari dua menara piramida, masing-masing meruncing dan ditutup oleh cornice, bergabung dengan bagian yang kurang tinggi yang menutup pintu masuk di antara mereka.[2] Gerbang itu umumnya sekitar setengah tinggi menara. Referensi ^ Ermann & Grapow, Wörterbuch der ägyp...

 

Jason Clarke

Jason ClarkeJason Clarke bulan Juli 2013Lahir17 Juli 1969 (umur 54)[1]Winton, Queensland, AustraliaPekerjaanAktorTahun aktif1995–sekarang Jason Clarke (lahir 17 Juli 1969) merupakan seorang aktor film dan televisi Australia. Jason Clarke berperan dalam beberapa serial televisi dan ia dikenal dengan perannya sebagai Tommy Caffee dalam serial televisi Brotherhood. Ia berperan dalam beberapa film dan ia lebih banyak berperan sebagai tokoh antagonis. Ia berperan sebagai aktor...

Jack Palance

Jack Palance pada tahun 1975 Jack Palance (18 Februari 1919 – 10 November 2006) adalah seorang pemeran berkebangsaan Amerika Serikat yang memenangkan Academy Award. Dia dilahirkan di Hazle Township, Pennsylvania, Amerika Serikat. Berkarier di dunia film sejak tahun 1950. Dia meninggal dunia pada 10 November 2006. Filmografi Tahun Judul Sebagai 1950 Panic in the Streets Blackie Halls of Montezuma Pigeon Lane 1952 Sudden Fear Lester Blaine 1953 Shane Jack Wilson Man in the Attic...

 

Kementerian Pertahanan Jepang

Kementerian Pertahanan防衛省Bōei-shōInformasi lembagaDibentuk9 Januari 2007; 17 tahun lalu (2007-01-09)Nomenklatur lembaga sebelumnyaBadan PertahananWilayah hukum JepangKantor pusat5-1 Ichigaya-honmuracho, Ichigaya, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, JapanPegawai20,924 staf sipil[1]247,154 personel SDF (Tidak termasuk siswa Akademi Pertahanan Nasional non-kapasitas, personel cadangan SDF, personel SDF cadangan siap pakai, dll.)[2]Anggaran tahunan5.3 trilliun yen[3]Ment...

 

1997 Carolina Panthers season

NFL team season 1997 Carolina Panthers seasonOwnerJerry RichardsonGeneral managerBill PolianHead coachDom CapersHome fieldEricsson StadiumResultsRecord7–9Division place2nd NFC WestPlayoff finishDid not qualifyPro BowlersTE Wesley WallsAP All-ProsKR Michael Bates 1st teamTE Wesley Walls 2nd team ← 1996 Panthers seasons 1998 → The 1997 Carolina Panthers season was the franchise's 3rd season in the National Football League and the 3rd under head coach Dom Capers. The...

Royal Humane Society

British charity organization A man recuperating from near-drowning at a receiving-house of the Royal Humane Society, 18th century The Royal Humane Society is a British charity which promotes lifesaving intervention. It was founded in England in 1774 as the Society for the Recovery of Persons Apparently Drowned,[1] for the purpose of rendering first aid in cases of near drowning.[2] History In 1773, physician William Hawes (1736–1808) began publicising the power of artificia...

 

Pertempuran Lapangan Udara Henderson

Pertempuran Lapangan Udara HendersonBagian dari Palagan Pasifik dalam Perang Dunia IIMayat para serdadu resimen infanteri ke-16 dan ke-29 Jepang, setelah serangan mereka gagal tanggal 25-26 Oktober 1942Tanggal23 - 26 Oktober 1942Lokasi9°26′51″S 160°2′56″E / 9.44750°S 160.04889°E / -9.44750; 160.04889 (Henderson's Airfield)Koordinat: 9°26′51″S 160°2′56″E / 9.44750°S 160.04889°E / -9.44750; 160.04889 (Hender...

 

Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences

Indonesia International Institute for Life SciencesDidirikan2014RektorKatherine, S.T., Ph.D.LokasiJakarta, IndonesiaSitus webhttps://i3l.ac.id/Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L) adalah institusi pendidikan dan penelitian yang didedikasikan untuk penyelenggaraan pendidikan dan penelitian berkualitas yang berpusat di Jakarta – dengan fasilitas-fasilitas satelit untuk penelitian laut, hutan, dan kesehatan serta jaringan internasional yang terdiri dari pengajar berkelas d...

Сибирский горный козёл

Сибирский горный козёл Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:СинапсидыКла�...

 

Pedro Báez

Dominican baseball player For the footballer, see Pedro Báez (footballer). Baseball player Pedro BáezBáez with the Los Angeles Dodgers in 2017PitcherBorn: (1988-03-11) March 11, 1988 (age 36)Baní, Dominican RepublicBatted: RightThrew: RightMLB debutMay 5, 2014, for the Los Angeles DodgersLast MLB appearanceApril 19, 2022, for the Houston AstrosMLB statistics (through 2022 season)Win–loss record21–15Earned run average3.08Strikeouts376 Teams Los Angel...

 

SMA Negeri 1 Ampek Angkek

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: SMA Negeri 1 Ampek Angkek – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR SMA Negeri 1 Ampek AngkekInformasiDidirikan1982JenisNegeriAkreditasiAKepala SekolahDra. Afri Yetti, M.Si.Jumlah kel...

Rajim railway station

Railway station in Chhattisgarh This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for geographic features. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cann...

 

List of U.S. state, district, and territorial insignia

The following table displays the official flag, seal, and coat of arms of the 50 states, of the federal district, the 5 inhabited territories, and the federal government of the United States of America. Table Jurisdiction Flag Seal Coat of arms Alabama Details Details Details Alaska Details Details — Arizona Details Details — Arkansas Details Details — California Details Details — Colorado Details Details Details Connecticut Details Details Details Delaware Details Details Details Fl...

 

Olympiacos F.C.

Greek association football club For the parent multi-sport club, see Olympiacos CFP. Football clubOlympiacosFull nameΟλυμπιακός Σύνδεσμος Φιλάθλων Πειραιώς Olympiakos Sýndesmos Filáthlon Peiraiós(Olympic Association of fans of Piraeus)Nickname(s)Thrylos (Legend)Erythroleykoi (Red-Whites)Founded10 March 1925; 99 years ago (1925-03-10)GroundKaraiskakis StadiumCapacity33,334[1][2]OwnerEvangelos MarinakisPresidentEvangelos Ma...

2015 West Somerset District Council election

2015 UK local government election Map of the results of the 2015 West Somerset District Council election. Conservatives in blue, independents in grey, UK Independence Party in purple and Labour in red. The 2015 West Somerset District Council election took place on 7 May 2015 to elect members of West Somerset District Council in Somerset, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative Party remained in overall control of the council. Election result West Somerset local ele...

 

قائمة أوسمة عسكرية (مصر)

هذه قائمة تضم الأوسمة العسكرية المصرية.[1] الاسم الصورة الطبقات ملاحظات وسام الجمهورية العسكري للوحدات العسكرية وسام التحرير (ضباط) وسام ذكرى قيام الجمهورية العربية المتحدة وسام نجمة سيناء وسام نجمة الشرف وسام النجمة العسكرية نوط التحرير (درجات أخرى) نوط الجلاء العسكر...

 

Occult

Knowledge of the hidden or the paranormal For other uses, see Occult (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Cult. Part of a series on theParanormal Main articles Astral projection Astrology Aura Bilocation Breatharianism Clairvoyance Close encounter Cold spot Crystal gazing Conjuration Cryptozoology Demonic possession Demonology Ectoplasm Electronic voice phenomenon Exorcism Extrasensory perception Forteana Fortune-telling Ghost hunting Magic Mediumship Miracle Occult Orb Ouija Paranormal ...

La città incantata

La città incantataChihiro e Haku in una scena del filmTitolo originale千と千尋の神隠しSen to Chihiro no kamikakushi Lingua originalegiapponese Paese di produzioneGiappone Anno2001 Durata125 min Rapporto1,85:1 Genereanimazione, avventura, fantastico RegiaHayao Miyazaki SoggettoHayao Miyazaki SceneggiaturaHayao Miyazaki ProduttoreToshio Suzuki Produttore esecutivoYasuyoshi Tokuma Casa di produzioneStudio Ghibli Distribuzione in italianoMikado Film (cinema) Universal Pictures (h...

 

Carrier Pigeon (ship)

American clipper ship History United States NameCarrier Pigeon NamesakeCarrier pigeon OwnerReed, Wade & Co., Boston BuilderHall, Snow & Company, Bath, Maine Launched18 October 1852 FateSunk on maiden voyage, 1853 NotesWreck sold, with cargo, for US$1,500 (equivalent to $54,900 in 2023) General characteristics Class and typeMedium clipper Tons burthen843 Length175 ft 5 in (53.47 m) Beam34 ft 5 in (10.49 m) Draft21 ft 0 in (6.40 m)[1&...