Bittern Line

Bittern Line
A Class 156 train at Worstead in 2008
Overview
StatusOperational
OwnerNetwork Rail
LocaleNorfolk, England
Termini
Stations10
Service
TypeHeavy rail
SystemNational Rail
Operator(s)Greater Anglia
Rolling stockClass 755
History
Opened1874–77
Technical
Line length30 miles 22 chains (48.7 km)
Number of tracks1–2
CharacterRural line
Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Route map

(Click to expand)
Bittern Line
Legend
North Norfolk Railway
(former M&GN to Melton Constable)
 Sheringham
(NNR preserved station)
 Sheringham
West Runton
Cromer Beach
Cromer High
Roughton Road
Norfolk and Suffolk Joint Railway
to Yarmouth Beach via Mundesley-on-Sea
Gunton
(for Northrepps Aerodrome)
to Cromer Beach via Mundesley-on-Sea
to Yarmouth Beach
M&GN
to Melton Constable
 North Walsham
Worstead
Bure Valley Railway
former line to County School
 Hoveton & Wroxham
for The Broads
River Bure
 Salhouse
Wherry Lines
to Great Yarmouth & Lowestoft
River Yare
River Yare
Great Eastern Main Line
to London Liverpool Street
 Norwich

The Bittern Line is a railway branch line in Norfolk, England, that links Norwich to Sheringham.[1] It passes through the Broads on its route to an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty on the north Norfolk coast.[2] It is named after the bittern, a rare bird found in the reedy wetlands of Norfolk.

The line is 30 miles 22 chains (48.7 km) in length and there are 10 stations. It is part of Network Rail Strategic Route 7, SRS 07.11, and is classified as a rural line.[3]

Passenger services are operated by Greater Anglia, which also manages all of the stations.

History

The line was granted permission in 1864[4] and the first stretch was opened between Norwich and North Walsham in 1874 by the East Norfolk Railway. It was extended to Cromer by 1877 before being extended to Sheringham in 1877, using a section of the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway line. From the early twentieth century until the end of steam services, in 1962, the Great Eastern Railway operated coastal holiday services from London Liverpool Street under names such as the Norfolk Coast Express and The Broadsman.[4]

Following the closure of the majority of the Midland and Great Northern network, the line operated as a single branch between Norwich and Melton Constable before the section between Sheringham and Melton Constable was closed in 1964.[5] The remainder of the line was listed for closure in 1967[6] but survived the proposal after being declined by the Secretary of State for Transport.[7]

The Bittern Line Partnership was set up by Norfolk County Council in 1997. and was designated a community rail line by the Department for Transport in September 2007.

The section of the line between Sheringham and Holt which was closed in the 1960s remains in use as a heritage railway line operated as the North Norfolk Railway (NNR - also known as the Poppy Line). After a period of 36 years, the link between the Bittern line and the North Norfolk Railway was reinstated in 2010 with the opening of a new level crossing at Sheringham.

Sheringham railway station was upgraded in 2019 to accommodate the new Class 755s[8]

Stations

The following table summarises the line's 10 stations, their distance measured from Norwich, and their estimated number of passenger entries/exits in 2018/19 and 2022/23:[9]

Station Location Local authority Mileage Patronage 2018/19 Patronage 2022/23[9]
Norwich Norwich City of Norwich 0 4,250,834 3,964,948 million
Salhouse Salhouse Broadland 6 11,778 14,006
Hoveton & Wroxham Hoveton/Wroxham North Norfolk 8+3⁄4 136,414 124,804
Worstead Worstead North Norfolk 13+1⁄4 25,650 26,816
North Walsham North Walsham North Norfolk 16 265,400 243,208
Gunton Thorpe Market North Norfolk 19+3⁄4 19,188 28,446
Roughton Road Roughton North Norfolk 24 21,766 24,670
Cromer Cromer North Norfolk 26+3⁄4 219,244 244,294
West Runton West Runton North Norfolk 28+3⁄4 27,212 32,918
Sheringham Sheringham North Norfolk 30+1⁄4 225,894 232,222

Services

Norwich station in 2005

Passenger services are operated by Greater Anglia. The typical service is one train per hour in each direction between Norwich and Sheringham. Calling patterns are varied, with some trains stopping at all stations while others omit some of the lesser-used stations along the line, such as Salhouse, Gunton and Roughton Road.

In 2019, new Class 755 bi-mode trains began to replace the previous mixture of Class 153, Class 156 and Class 170 diesel multiple units.[10]

The line is also used by freight trains which are operated by GB Railfreight. Some trains carry gas condensate from a terminal at North Walsham to Harwich International Port.

Infrastructure

The Sheringham level crossing in use in 2010

The line is double-track from Norwich to Hoveton & Wroxham, where it becomes single-track with a passing loop at North Walsham, and two platforms at Cromer also allowing passing. The line is not electrified; it has a loading gauge of W8 between Norwich and Roughton Road and W6 from Roughton Road to Sheringham. The maximum speed is 75 miles per hour (121 km/h).[3]

The line was re-signalled in 2000, leading to the closure of a number of mechanical signal boxes and control moving to a panel at the Trowse Swing Bridge control room. This saw the end of one of the few remaining sections of single-track main line controlled by tokens.[citation needed] The Cromer signal box has been preserved.

Proposed developments

Rackheath station

A new station is proposed as part of the Rackheath eco-town.[11] The building of the town may also mean a short freight spur being built to transport fuel to fire an on-site power station. The plans for the settlement received approval from the government in 2009.[12]

References

  1. ^ "Home". Bittern Line.
  2. ^ OS Explorer Map 252 – Norfolk Coast East. ISBN 978-0-319-23815-8
  3. ^ a b "Route 7 – Great Eastern" (PDF). Network Rail. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2009.
  4. ^ a b Holland, Julian; Spaven, David (2012). Britain's Scenic Railways. Fulham Palace Road, London: Times Books Group Ltd. pp. 78–81. ISBN 978-0-00-792671-8.
  5. ^ Proposed withdrawal of passenger services between Melton Constable – Sheringham. 1963-1964
  6. ^ Proposed withdrawal of passenger services between Norwich – Sheringham. 1967
  7. ^ Closures Railway World issue 354 November 1969 page 472
  8. ^ "New, longer Sheringham station platform to be installed ready for new trains -". Greater Anglia. 12 February 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  9. ^ a b "table-1410-passenger-entries-and-exits-and-interchanges-by-station.ods". ORR (Office of Rail and Road). 14 December 2023. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  10. ^ Anderson, Stuart (13 November 2019). "Greater Anglia's new bi-mode trains roll into service on Bittern Line". North Norfolk News. Eastern Daily Press. Archived from the original on 13 November 2019. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
  11. ^ "Transport". Rackheath eco-community. Archived from the original on 15 July 2009. Retrieved 16 July 2009.
  12. ^ "Airfield eco-town plan selected". BBC News. 16 July 2009. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
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