The hall underwent a major renovation between 2002 and 2007. It now hosts a diverse programme of events including jazz, world, folk, rock, pop and classical concerts, organ recitals, spoken word, dance, family, educational and community performances, as well as annual general meetings, product launches, conferences, dinners, fashion shows, graduation ceremonies and broadcasts.
History
Artist's impression (1831) by W. Harris, of the Hansom & Welch design, as entered into the competition to design the building. The original drawing is on display there.
Two sites were considered by the Birmingham Street Commissioners for the construction of a concert hall in the city; Bennetts Hill and the more expensive Paradise Street site. The latter was chosen and a design competition was launched which resulted with the submission of 67 designs including one by Charles Barry, whose design for the King Edward's School on New Street was then under construction.[3]
Joseph Hansom, of Hansom cab fame, and Edward Welch were chosen as the architects and they expressed that they expected the construction cost to be £8,000 (equivalent to £940,000 in 2023).[4] The first of the monumental town halls that would come to characterise the cities of Victorian England,[5] Birmingham Town Hall was also the first significant work of the 19th-century revival of Roman architecture,[6] a style chosen here in the context of the highly charged radicalism of 1830s Birmingham for its republican associations.[6] The design was based on the proportions of the Temple of Castor and Pollux in the Roman Forum.[7] "Perfect and aloof" on a tall, rusticated podium, it marked an entirely new concept in English architecture.[7]
Hill of London was hired to build the 6,000 pipe organ for £6,000. Construction began on 27 April 1832 with an expected completion date of 1833.[8] However, Hansom went bankrupt during construction, having tendered too low. The contractors were also losing money. Three guarantors donated money for the building; W. P. Lloyd, John Welch and Edward Tench. With the injection of this money, the building was successfully opened for the delayed Music Festival on 7 October 1834.[9]
The memorial to Badger and Heap in St. Philip's Cathedral churchyard, now used every year on International Workers' Day as a memorial to all who have been killed in workplace accidents.
During construction, on 26 January 1833, two workers were killed when a 70-foot crane constructed to install the roof trusses broke and the pulley block failed. John Heap died instantly and William Badger died a few days later from his injuries. They were buried in St Philip's churchyard and a memorial, consisting of a pillar base made by one of the workmen for the Town Hall, was dedicated to them. Architect Charles Edge was commissioned in 1835 to repair weaknesses to the design of the building. He was also commissioned for the extension of the building in 1837 and again in 1850.[3]
On 9 August 1902, the town hall, along with the council house, was illuminated in celebration of the coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra.[12]
The Town Hall in 1937 decorated for the coronation of George VI and his wife Elizabeth.
In 1937, as part of the celebrations for the Coronation of George VI, the Town Hall was bedecked with the various Arms of the Lord of the Manor of Birmingham since 1166 and each column festooned with garlands. The pediment also had images of Britannia, supported by mermaids, which were sculpted by William Bloye. This decorative scheme for the Town Hall and the whole of the city was devised by William Haywood, Secretary of The Birmingham Civic Society.[13]
Paul Robeson performs at Birmingham Town Hall on 7 March 1939, in aid of a local charity, the Birmingham Mail Christmas Tree Fund.[14] The advertised pianist was Lawrence Brown.[15]
The Town Hall emerging after years of refurbishment. Big Brum is in the background.
The Hall closed in 1996 for a £35 million refurbishment, undertaken by Wates Construction, that saw the Town Hall brought back to its original glory with its 6,000-pipe organ still in place.[8] The project was funded by £18.3 million from Birmingham City Council, £13.7 million from the Heritage Lottery Fund and £3 million from the European Regional Development Fund. The upper gallery, which had been added in 1926–27, was removed, restoring the interior of the hall to an approximation of its original condition.[18]
The Birmingham City Organist, Thomas Trotter, performed a piece of music to a group of school children in 2005 after the majority of the organ had been cleaned. However, the organist and the children all had to wear hard hats as the risk of falling debris remained. He had played the organ each month from the hall's closure to 2005, thus ensuring that it was maintained in playable condition.[19] The hall is now managed alongside Symphony Hall, by the registered charity Performances Birmingham Limited.
At 1,100, the seating capacity is about half that of Symphony Hall.[20]
It reopened for concerts on 4 October 2007,[21][22]
and was officially reopened on 22 April 2008 by TRH The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall.[23]
During the years of refurbishment the side of the Town Hall facing Victoria Square was hidden by giant advertising sheets, a giant advent calendar, and during the 2002 FIFA World Cup a large outside television screen that was used to broadcast live matches from Korea and Japan. Although the television screen was only temporary, another "Big Screen" was erected on the corner of the building in Chamberlain Square facing Birmingham Central Library, which broadcast live from the television channel BBC One. The BBC Big Screen was removed after much controversy.[24][25][26]
Architecture
Interior of Birmingham Town Hall
The hall takes the form of a free-standing Corinthian temple, with 14 bays running north to south and 8 bays east to west.[7] It is closely modelled on the Temple of Castor and Pollux in Rome and reproduces its predecessor's most distinctive feature – its tall podium – in rusticated stone.[7] The building's columns are topped with capitals featuring Acanthus leaves in a distinctive interlocking spiral design, above which the simplified entablature features a plain architrave and dentil cornice.[27] Behind the colonnade the cella containing the Great Hall features tall windows capped with eared architraves.[28] At the south end of the podium there is an arcade two bays deep, glazed in to form a vestibule in 1995, that marks the main entrance to the building.[28]
The building is constructed in brick made in Selly Oak and faced with PenmonAngleseyMarble presented to the town by Sir Richard Bulkeley, proprietor of the Penmon quarries.[29]
Pipe organ
The town hall is famous for its concert pipe organ. Originally installed in 1834 by William Hill & Sons with 6,000 pipes, it was once the largest and most technologically advanced in the world.[30] In 1888, Charles William Perkins was appointed the first City Organist, based at the Town Hall.[31] The organ was restored by Willis in 1932.[32]
Further pictures
The columns on the east side of Birmingham Town Hall
Birmingham Town Hall north end, facing the library
Birmingham Town Hall south end, main entrance
Birmingham Town Hall west side.
Birmingham Town Hall and Council House photographed from Victoria Square
Music Festival in 1834 after the installation of William Hill's organ
^Dixon, Roger; Muthesius, Stefan (1985) [1978]. "Monumental Public Architecture". Victorian Architecture. World of Art. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 148. ISBN0500201609. The story of Victorian town halls begins with Birmingham.
Harris, Penelope (2010). The Architectural Achievement of Joseph Hamsom (1803–1882), Designer of the Hansom Cab, Birmingham Town Hall and Churches of the Catholic Revival. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN978-0-7734-3851-4.
Holyoak, Joe (1989). All About Victoria Square. Birmingham: The Victorian Society Birmingham Group. ISBN0-901657-14-X.
Foster, Andy (2005). Pevsner Architectural Guides – Birmingham. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN0-300-10731-5.
Peers, Anthony (2012). Birmingham Town Hall – An Architectural History. Farnham: Lund Humphries. ISBN978-1-84822-074-4.
Thistlewaite, Nicholas (1984). Birmingham Town Hall Organ. Birmingham: Birmingham City Council. OCLC30721233.
