Bible Fellowship Church

Bible Fellowship Church
AbbreviationBFC
ClassificationProtestant
OrientationMennonite and Reformed
Origin1858
Lehigh Valley, Pennsylvania
Separated fromUnited Missionary Church (1952)
Congregations67 (2023)
Number of followers14,412 (2023)
Ministers146 (2023)
Official websitewww.bfc.org
SloganAn Expanding Fellowship of Churches United to Make Disciples of Jesus Christ

Bible Fellowship Church is a conservative pietistic Christian denomination with Mennonite roots centered in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Its denominational leader Donald T. Kirkwood[1] described the denomination as "reformed in theology, Presbyterian in polity, creedal immersionists."[2]

History

19th century

Bible Fellowship Church (BFC) was founded as the Evangelische Mennoniten Gemeinschaft (Evangelical Mennonite Society) on September 24, 1858, in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania.[3]

Seven Mennonites influenced by revivalism, elder William Gehman, bishop William N. Shelly, preachers Henry Diehl and David Henning, and deacons David Gehman, Jacob Gottschall, and Joseph Schneider,refused to surrender to the pressure from their bishops to give up their evangelism.[4] They responded by forming the new society, which combined Mennonite doctrine with enthusiastic evangelism.

In November 1879, the Evangelical Mennonites of Pennsylvania consolidated with the United Mennonites to become the Evangelical United Mennonites in November 1879.[5]

In 1883, the Brethren in Christ Church in Ohio merged with the Evangelical United Mennonites to form the Mennonite Brethren in Christ.[6]

20th century

In the 20th century, the Pennsylvania Conference of the Mennonite Brethren in Christ grew substantially. Membership doubled between 1900 and 1920 and again between 1920 and 1940.[7] Since 1879, the Pennsylvania Conference held annual camp meetings.[8] The first location was Chestnut Hill outside Coopersburg, Pennsylvania.

In 1910, the denomination purchased land near Allentown, Pennsylvania, called Mitzpah Grove.[9] Located in East Allentown, the camp was located behind present-day Mosser Elementary School between Ellsworth Street at Walnut Street to Ellsworth Street and, inside the camp grounds, to Fairview Street.[10][11] Between 1942 and 1945, during World War II, the annual camp meetings ceased but resumed again in 1946 following the war's end.[7]

In the 1940s, the relationship of the Mennonite Brethren in Christ Pennsylvania Conference with the other Mennonite Brethren in Christ conferences was strained. Disagreements existed over doctrine and ecclesiology, and these were intensified by personality differences.[7]

In 1947, the General Conference of the Mennonite Brethren in Christ changed the name of the denomination to the United Missionary Church. The Pennsylvania Conference disagreed with the name change, and was allowed to continue under the old name.[12]

Five years later, in 1952, the Pennsylvania Conference officially voted to separate themselves from the other conferences of the United Missionary Church and form their own denomination. The cause of the separation included differences of opinion over church government, the doctrine of holiness, education, foreign missions, and financial autonomy.[13] The Pennsylvania Conference also objected to an expected merger with the Missionary Church Association—which would occur in 1969 creating a new consolidated denomination known as the Missionary Church.

In 1959, the Pennsylvania Conference of the Mennonite Brethren in Christ adopted its present name, 'Bible Fellowship Church,[14] and approved new articles of faith, which included dropping the practice of feet washing. The church government's structure was gradually changed to a more Presbyterian style. Local elders rule individual Bible Fellowship churches, and each of the individual churches sends their elders and pastors to the annual conference.

In the mid-20th century, the denomination's core soteriological viewpoint gradually changed from its early Anabaptist and Arminian perspective to its current Reformed Theology focus.

In 1968, the Bible Fellowship Church sold its Mizpah Grove property in Allentown, and acquired Pinebrook Bible Conference in Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania as the site for its annual camp meeting.[7]

In an address at the 1962 Annual Conference in Hatfield, Pennsylvania, Donald Kirkwood noted that, "historically we were Arminian; gradually but progressively we became Dispensational; presently we are in transition. There are remnants of Arminianism, and Dispensationalism, also an active Calvinism."[15]

21st century

In a departure from many other reformed churches, Bible Fellowship Churches continue the Anabaptist practice of believer's baptism.[16] It also holds to Premillennialism.[17][18]

BFC maintains its headquarters in Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania. Its ministries include the Bible Fellowship Board of Missions, Church Extension Ministries, Fellowship Community, a home for the aged, and Victory Valley Youth Camp.[19] Most of BFC's churches are located in eastern Pennsylvania. There are also churches in Connecticut, Delaware, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, and Virginia.

As of 2023, there were 6,687 members in 67 congregations with a total church family size of 14,412.[20]

Pinebrook Ministries

Pinebrook Junior College

In 1950, the Pennsylvania Conference of the Mennonite Brethren in Christ supported the opening of Berean Bible School in Allentown.[21] When the Bible Fellowship Church purchased the Pinebrook Bible Conference in Stroudsburg in 1968, the Allentown campus of the Berean Bible School was sold. The next year, the school reopened as Pinebrook Junior College on the Stroudsburg property.[22] It began granting associate degrees in 1970.[23] In 1976, the college relocated to Coopersburg, Pennsylvania to a property that formerly housed a school and orphanage run by Sisters of the Sacred Heart that had closed in 1974.[23] In 1992, the junior college ceased operations due to declining enrollment causing inadequate finances.[23][24] In response, the Bible Fellowship Church created the Pinebrook Educational Foundation in 1994 to provide financial aid to Christian students studying at Christian post-secondary institutions.[22] In 2014, the former Coopersburg property was destroyed to make way for a new residential condominium development.[25]

Pinebrook Bible Conference

Pinebrook Bible Conference is a Christian camp and conference center in the Pocono Mountains in Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania. Founded in 1933 by Percy Crawford, an evangelist who led a radio ministry in Philadelphia, Pinebrook hosted prominent speakers and musicians, including Billy Graham, Jack Wyrtzen, J. Oliver Buswell, William Bell Riley, William Henry Houghton, Robert T. Ketcham, Cliff Barrows, and George Beverly Shea.[26]

In 1968, Pinebrook came under the umbrella of Bible Fellowship Church.[27] On October 17, 2018, Spruce Lake took over stewardship of Pinebrook, while Bible Fellowship Church continues to offer events, retreats, and conferences at the property.[28]

Notes

  1. ^ "Donald T. Kirkwood: 12/13/19 - 4/20/08". Bible Fellowship Church Yearbook 2008 (PDF). Bible Fellowship Church. 2008. pp. xx–xxi. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-03-02. Retrieved 2024-03-02.
  2. ^ Kirkwood, Donald. "How We Changed – BFC Historical Society". Archived from the original on 2023-09-24. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  3. ^ Brandt, David. "History of the BFC". The Bible Fellowship Church. Archived from the original on 2023-06-20. Retrieved 2023-08-04.
  4. ^ Huffman, Jasper Abraham (1920). History of The Mennonite Brethren in Christ Church. New Carlisle, Ohio: Bethel Publishing Company.
  5. ^ Bender, Harold S. (1956). "Evangelical United Mennonites". Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Archived from the original on 2023-08-04. Retrieved 2023-08-04.
  6. ^ Bender, Harold S.; Thiessen, Richard D. (2013-05-01). "Mennonite Brethren in Christ". Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Archived from the original on 2023-06-08. Retrieved 2023-08-04.
  7. ^ a b c d "A Brief History – BFC Historical Society". Archived from the original on 2023-09-24. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  8. ^ "Camp Meetings". BFC Historical Society. Archived from the original on 2023-09-17. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  9. ^ Cassel, Willard. "Mizpah Grove – BFC Historical Society". Archived from the original on 2024-03-02. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  10. ^ "SCHOOL LAND WAS REZONED TO KEEP OUT JAIL, PANEL TOLD". The Morning Call. 1990-03-28. Archived from the original on 2024-03-02. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  11. ^ "ALLENTOWN RECREATION BOARD WANTS SCHOOL LAND SAVED". The Morning Call. 1989-01-13. Archived from the original on 2024-03-02. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  12. ^ "Mennonite Brethren in Christ (1883 - 1947)". www.thearda.com. Archived from the original on 2023-04-29. Retrieved 2023-08-04.
  13. ^ Taylor, Dick. "A Brief History of the Bible Fellowship Church". Bible Fellowship Church Online History Center. Archived from the original on 2023-07-10. Retrieved 2023-08-04.
  14. ^ "BFC Denominational Overview". Church Extension Ministries | Bible Fellowship Church. Archived from the original on 2023-06-08. Retrieved 2023-08-04.
  15. ^ Kirkwood, Donald T. (1962-10-18). "Why the Bible Fellowship Church Today". Bible Fellowship Church Online History Center. Archived from the original on 2006-05-04. Retrieved 2023-08-04.
  16. ^ Bender, Harold S.; Gingerich, Melvin; Taylor, Richard (2010-10-01). "Bible Fellowship Church". Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Archived from the original on 2013-10-12. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
  17. ^ Beil, James A. (1982-11-20). "What Ties Us Together". Bible Fellowship Church Online History Center. Archived from the original on 2023-08-04. Retrieved 2023-08-04.
  18. ^ Brandt, David. "Who We Are". The Bible Fellowship Church. Archived from the original on 2023-09-28. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  19. ^ "2008 Yearbook of American & Canadian Churches". The National Council of Churches. Archived from the original on 2010-04-11. Retrieved 2009-12-03.
  20. ^ Kohl, Ronald L. (2023-04-27). "140th Annual Meeting of the Bible Fellowship Church Conference" (PDF). Annual Meeting of the Bible Fellowship Church Conference. 140: 193–195. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-08-04.
  21. ^ Shelly, Harold Patton (1992). The Bible Fellowship Church : formerly Mennonite Brethren in Christ, Pennsylvania Conference, originally die Evangelische Mennoniten Gemeinschaft von Ost-Pennsylvanien. Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: Bible Fellowship Church. pp. 333–334. ISBN 0961260238.
  22. ^ a b Brandt, David. "Pinebrook Educational Foundation". The Bible Fellowship Church. Archived from the original on 2023-09-28. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  23. ^ a b c "Pinebrook College to Close: Declining Enrollment, Finances are the Reasons, President Says". The Morning Call. 1991-10-25. Archived from the original on 2024-03-02. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  24. ^ Dotts, Raymond (1993-07-01). "Report of the Board of Directors of Pinebrook Junior College". Archived from the original on 2008-08-08.
  25. ^ Lane, Hilary (2014-10-23). "Former orphanage, junior college in Coopersburg demolished for upscale housing". WFMZ.com. Archived from the original on 2024-03-02. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  26. ^ "Expanding the Vision at Pinebrook". Eastern District & Franconia Conference, Mennonite Church USA. 9 October 2019. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  27. ^ VanDerveer, Melanie. "Pinebrook still thriving after 75 years (with video)". Pocono Record. Archived from the original on 9 December 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
  28. ^ "About Pinebrook". Archived from the original on 9 December 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2019.

References

  • Encyclopedia of American Religions, J. Gordon Melton, editor
  • Handbook of Denominations in the United States, by Frank S. Mead, Samuel S. Hill, and Craig D. Atwood
  • History of the Mennonite Brethren in Christ, Jasper Huffman, editor
  • The Bible Fellowship Church: formerly Mennonite Brethren in Christ, Pennsylvania Conference, originally die Evangelische Mennoniten Gemeinschaft von Ost-Pennsylvanien, by Harold Patton Shelly

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