"Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea" is an American popular song published in 1931,^[1] with music by Harold Arlen and lyrics by Ted Koehler, and first recorded by Cab Calloway in 1931. It was introduced in the 1931 Cotton Club show Rhythmania^[2] and is now a widely recorded standard.

Joel Whitburn identified the most successful early recordings as being by:^[3]

1. Cab Calloway recorded October 21, 1931^[4] for Brunswick Records (catalogue No. 6209)
2. Louis Armstrong performed a version featuring a trumpet solo which was recorded on January 25, 1932 and released by Columbia Records, catalogue No. 2600D.^[5]
3. The Boswell Sisters with The Dorsey Brothers (Recorded March 21, 1932, Brunswick Records, No. 6291)^[6]

• Blossom Dearie on Give Him the Ooh-La-La (1958)^[7]

• 1933 Sing, Bing, Sing – Bing Crosby sang an abridged version of the song in this Mack Sennett short.
• 1969 They Shoot Horses, Don't They? – An instrumental version is played during one of the dance scenes.
• 1984 City Heat – sung by Eloise Laws.^[8]

Featured in the 2013 show After Midnight.

George Harrison recorded a version of the song for his 2001 album Brainwashed.