Bernard Tchibambelela

Mpaki Bernard (born 14 June 1956) is a Congolese politician who served in the government of Congo-Brazzaville as Minister of Fishing and Aquaculture from 2012 to 2016. A member of the Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development (MCDDI), he was first vice-president of the National Assembly of Congo-Brazzaville for a brief period in 1992, and he was second vice-president of the National Assembly from 2007 to 2012.[1]

Political career during the 1980s and 1990s

Tchibambelela, also known as Mpaki Bernard, a member of the Lari ethnic group,[2] was born in Brazzaville in 1956. He received degrees in economics, rural law, and agronomic engineering, and headed banks in Congo-Brazzaville and France.[1] From 1982 to 1989, he was Director-General of the Bank of Rural Credit at the same time Director-General of CFCO(Chemin de fer Congo Ocean) in Congo-Brazzaville.[3] During the single-party rule of the Congolese Labour Party (PCT), Tchibambelela was a member of the PCT;[1][3] he was considered a protégé of Pierre Moussa, the Minister of Planning and Finance, and he was elected to the PCT Central Committee at the PCT's Fourth Ordinary Congress, held on 26–31 July 1989.[4] Tchibambelela was Economic Adviser to President Denis Sassou Nguesso from 1989 to 1991.[3] The PCT regime was forced to introduce multiparty politics in 1990,[5] and Tchibambelela joined the MCDDI, a new party led by Bernard Kolélas, in 1991.[1][3] The MCDDI drew its main support from members of the Lari ethnic group, like Tchibambelela, as well as the Bakongo, and it was the dominant party in the Pool Region.[6]

In the June–July 1992 parliamentary election, Tchibambelela was elected to the National Assembly as the MCDDI candidate in the second constituency of Dolisie, in the Pool Region.[1][3] After the election, the MCDDI and six other parties formed the Union for Democratic Renewal (URD), an opposition coalition, on 27 August 1992.[7] The PCT—which had briefly formed an alliance with Pascal Lissouba and his Pan-African Union for Social Democracy (UPADS)—then defected to the opposition, and together the URD–PCT alliance held a parliamentary majority.[6]

With its parliamentary majority, the URD–PCT alliance was able to elect the candidates of its choice to the top posts in the National Assembly. In the vote, held on 24 September 1992, the PCT's André Mouélé was elected as President of the National Assembly, while Tchibambelela was elected as its first vice-president.[8] Tchibambelela held that position for only two months, however;[1] President Lissouba was unwilling to cooperate with an opposition-controlled National Assembly and dissolved it on 17 November 1992.[9][10]

President Lissouba's dissolution of the National Assembly necessitated a new parliamentary election, which was held in May–June 1993.[6] Tchibambelela was re-elected to his seat from Goma Tsé-Tsé,[1] but the URD–PCT alliance was narrowly defeated by the pro-Lissouba coalition.[6] The opposition furiously contested the official results of the 1993 election, and serious political violence followed. Amidst the violence, Tchibambelela was vice-president of the ad hoc Parliamentary Commission for Peace.[11] An agreement signed on 30 January 1994 facilitated a gradual return to peace.[12]

Tchibambelela remained a Deputy in the National Assembly until October 1997, when rebel forces supporting Denis Sassou Nguesso captured Brazzaville and ousted Lissouba at the end of the 1997 civil war.[1]

Political career since 2007

Tchibambelela, a member of the National Committee of the MCDDI,[13] was elected to the National Assembly in the June 2007 parliamentary election as the MCDDI candidate in the Mbanza-Ndounga constituency of the Pool Region;[1][14] he won the seat in the first round with 60.98% of the vote.[14] On 4 September 2007, when the National Assembly held its first meeting of the new parliamentary term, he was elected as second vice-president of the National Assembly,[1][15] receiving 120 votes from the 129 deputies who were present.[15] He was additionally assigned responsibility for the National Assembly's relations with the Parliamentary Assembly of La Francophonie.[16]

On 15 September 2007, the Association of Parliamentarians of the Pool was established with Tchibambelela as its president.[17] In that capacity, he released a statement in early July 2009 affirming that all of the Pool's parliamentarians supported President Sassou Nguesso's bid for re-election in the July 2009 presidential election.[18]

Tchibambelela published a book, Le Commerce mondial de la faim : stratégie de rupture positive au Congo-Brazzaville, through L'Harmattan in October 2009. The book discussed the problem of hunger in the developing world and Tchibambelela's ideas for solving the problem in Congo-Brazzaville.[19]

Bernard Kolélas died in November 2009, and Tchibambelela was subsequently considered one of the main potential contenders for the party leadership, along with Kolélas' son Guy Brice Parfait Kolélas.[20]

In the July–August 2012 parliamentary election, Tchibambelela was re-elected to the National Assembly as the MCDDI candidate in Mbanza-Ndounga constituency; he won the seat in the first round with 71.85% of the vote.[21] However, when the deputies met to elect the members of the National Assembly's bureau for the new parliamentary term on 5 September 2012, Tchibambelela did not receive a post on the bureau.[22][23] He was instead appointed to the government as Minister of Fishing and Aquaculture on 25 September 2012.[24][25]

Following Sassou Nguesso's re-election in the March 2016 presidential election, Tchibambelela was dismissed from the government on 30 April 2016 and later on exiled in France with his family.[26] He then returned to his seat in the National Assembly.[27]

Personal life

Mpaki Bernard is married to a successful businesswoman Mrs jeanne and both together have five children with their first son named Mpaki corrad Bernard born 8 November 1992, Mpaki Deesse, Mpaki Gorsset, Mpaki Dousse, and the Benjamin Mpaki Diverna all born in Congo Brazzaville.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Willy Mbossa and Roger Ngombé, "Qui sont les nouveaux membres du bureau de l'Assemblée nationale ?", Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, 8 September 2007 (in French).
  2. ^ Congo-Brazzaville: dérives politiques, catastrophe humanitaire, désirs de paix (1999), Karthala Editions, page 95 (in French).
  3. ^ a b c d e Désirée Hermione Ngoma, "Pêche et Aquaculture : Bernard Tchibambelela prend la tête du ministère", Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, 27 September 2012 (in French).
  4. ^ Yearbook on International Communist Affairs (1990), page 12. (Yearbook on International Communist Affairs series)
  5. ^ John F. Clark, "Congo: Transition and the Struggle to Consolidate", in Political Reform in Francophone Africa (1997), ed. John F. Clark and David E. Gardinier, pages 67–68.
  6. ^ a b c d Clark, "Congo: Transition and the Struggle to Consolidate", pages 70–73.
  7. ^ Joachim Emmanuel Goma-Thethet, "Alliances in the political and electoral process in the Republic of Congo 1991–97", in Liberal Democracy and Its Critics in Africa: Political Dysfunction and the Struggle for Social Progress (2005), ed. Tukumbi Lumumba-Kasongo, Zed Books, page 111.
  8. ^ Gaston-Jonas Kouvibidila, Histoire du multipartisme au Congo-Brazzaville: Les débuts d'une crise attendue, 1992–1993 (2000), L'Harmattan, page 193 (in French).
  9. ^ "Dec 1992 – New government", Keesing's Record of World Events, volume 38, December 1992, Congo, page 39,227.
  10. ^ Africa Research Bulletin: Political Series, volumes 28–29 (1992), page 10,780.
  11. ^ Goma-Thethet, "Alliances in the political and electoral process in the Republic of Congo 1991–97", page 116.
  12. ^ Clark, "Congo: Transition and the Struggle to Consolidate", pages 74–75.
  13. ^ "Comité national du MCDDI nommé par Bernard Kolelas", Congopage website, 10 March 2006 (in French).
  14. ^ a b "Elections législatives : les 44 élus du premier tour", Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, 2 July 2007 (in French).
  15. ^ a b Cyr Armel Yabbat-Ngo, "Session inaugurale de la 12ème législature de l'Assemblée nationale: Un fidèle du président Sassou au perchoir", La Semaine Africaine, number 2,725, 7 September 2007, page 3 (in French).
  16. ^ Cyr Armel Yabbat-Ngo, "Rentrée parlementaire de la 12ème législature: Les bureaux des commissions permanentes ont été enfin élus", La Semaine Africaine, number 2,729, 21 September 2007, page 5 (in French).
  17. ^ "Département du Pool: Plus de négociations avec le pasteur Ntumi, attendu à Brazzaville pour prendre ses fonctions", La Semaine Africaine, number 2,729, 21 September 2007, page 3 (in French).
  18. ^ "Election présidentielle – Les parlementaires du Pool soutiennent Denis Sassou N'Guesso", Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, 8 July 2009 (in French).
  19. ^ Jean Dany Ebouélé, "Bernard Tchibambelela publie Le Commerce mondial de la faim : stratégie de rupture positive au Congo-Brazzaville", Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, 23 October 2009 (in French).
  20. ^ Thierry Noungou, "Le Mouvement congolais pour la démocratie et le développement intégral au centre de tous les regards", Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, 6 January 2010 (in French). "Les Dépêches de Brazzaville". Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
  21. ^ "Résultats du premier tour des élections législatives 2012", La Semaine Africaine, 24 July 2012 (in French).
  22. ^ Roger Ngombé, "Assemblée nationale : Justin Koumba reconduit à la présidence", Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, 5 September 2012 (in French).
  23. ^ Joël Nsoni, "Nouveau gouvernement : Six partants, sept entrants et des inamovibles!", La Semaine Africaine, 28 September 2012 (in French).
  24. ^ "Remaniement ministériel au Congo-Brazzaville", Radio France Internationale, 26 September 2012 (in French).
  25. ^ "Une nouvelle équipe de 38 membres publiée hier" Archived 19 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, number 1,584, 26 September 2012, page 1 (in French).
  26. ^ Trésor Kibangula, "Congo-Brazzaville : ce qu’il faut savoir sur le nouveau gouvernement", Jeune Afrique, 3 May 2016 (in French).
  27. ^ Roger Ngombé, "Assemblée nationale : le réaménagement du bureau à l’ordre du jour de la session en cours", ADIAC, 2 June 2016 (in French).