Beaumaris Gaol

Victoria Terrace, Beaumaris
A section of the jail from inside the courtyard
TypePrison, now museum
LocationBeaumaris, Anglesey, Wales
Coordinates53°15′48″N 4°05′42″W / 53.2633°N 4.0951°W / 53.2633; -4.0951
Built1829
ArchitectJoseph Hansom, Edward Welch
Architectural style(s)Neoclassical
Governing bodyPrivately owned
Listed Building – Grade I
Official nameBeaumaris Gaol
Designated23 September 1950
Reference no.5579
Listed Building – Grade I
Official namePerimeter Wall at Beaumaris Gaol
Designated23 September 1950
Reference no.5580
Beaumaris Gaol is located in Anglesey
Beaumaris Gaol
Location of Victoria Terrace, Beaumaris in Anglesey

Beaumaris Gaol (/bjuːˈmærɪs/ bew-MAR-is; Welsh: Biwmares [bɪuˈmɑːrɛs]) is a disused gaol located in Beaumaris, Anglesey, Wales. Although no longer in use it remains largely unaltered and is now a museum open to visitors, with around 30,000 visiting each year.

History

The jail was designed by Hansom and Welch, and was built in 1829.[1][2] It was expanded in 1867 to accommodate approximately 30 inmates but was closed just 11 years later. The building then became a police station until the 1950s when it became a children's clinic and lastly a museum in 1974. During the Second World War the town's air raid siren was located in the gaol and was kept in operation during the Cold War in case of nuclear attacks. The gaol's chapel is not original to the building, and the pews and pulpit were sourced from a chapel being renovated elsewhere on the island; the numbering of the pews is out of sequence and they are not fixed to the floor.

The prison regime may appear brutal to a modern visitor, but in its day it was seen as humane improvement on earlier gaols. Even so, methods of keeping criminals in check included chains, whippings and isolation in a dark cell for up to three days. It has one of the last working penal treadmills in Britain. The treadmill at Beaumaris is unusual in that it pumped water to the top of the building for use in the cells, meaning that the prisoners were not forced to work for no reason.

Executions

Two hangings took place at Beaumaris. The first was that of William Griffith, in 1830, for the attempted murder of his first wife. On the morning of his execution he barricaded himself inside the cell. The door was eventually forced open and he was half dragged and half carried to the gallows. The second execution was that of Richard Rowlands in 1862, for murdering his father-in-law. He protested his innocence right up to the final moment and legend has it that he cursed the church clock from the gallows, saying that if he were innocent the four faces of the nearby church clock would never show the same time. Both men were buried within the walls of the gaol in a lime pit, but the exact location of their burial is unknown. The iron pins which held the gallows in place, along with the two doors which the condemned man passed through, can still be seen from the street outside the gaol walls.

Escape

The only prisoner to escape from the gaol was John Morris, who escaped on 7 January 1859, using rope he had stolen whilst working with it. He broke his leg while escaping, but made it out of the town, before being recaptured.

Listing designations

The gaol is a Grade I listed building and its perimeter walls have a separate Grade I listing.[3][4]

References

  1. ^ Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel (2008). The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. p. 713. ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6.
  2. ^ Harris, Penelope, "The Architectural Achievement of Joseph Aloysius Hansom (1803-1882), Designer of the Hansom Cab, Birmingham Town Hall and Churches of the Catholic Revival", Edwin Mellen Press, 2010, ISBN 0-7734-3851-3, p.13.
  3. ^ Cadw. "Beaumaris Gaol (Grade I) (5579)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
  4. ^ Cadw. "Perimeter Wall at Beaumaris Gaol (Grade I) (5580)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
  • Beaumaris Gaol - Visiting information from the Isle of Anglesey County Council