Battle of the Faubourg St Antoine

Battle of the Faubourg St Antoine
Part of the Fronde

A contemporary depiction of the battle of the Faubourg St Antoine beneath the walls of the Bastille in 1652
Date2 July 1652
Location
Porte Saint-Antoine, Paris
48°51′12″N 2°22′09″E / 48.853333°N 2.369167°E / 48.853333; 2.369167
Result Royalist victory
Belligerents
Kingdom of France Royalists Condé rebels
Commanders and leaders
Henri de Turenne Louis, Grand Condé
Strength
8,000[1] 6,000[1]
Casualties and losses
1,500[1] 1,500[1]
Battle of the Faubourg St Antoine is located in Paris
Battle of the Faubourg St Antoine
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Shown within Paris, France

The Battle of the Faubourg Saint Antoine occurred on 2 July 1652 during the Fronde rebellion in France. It is named after the Faubourg Saint-Antoine, a district near the Bastille in the east of Paris, where the battle took place.

Details

During the period of the Second Fronde, between 1650 and 1653, Louis, the Prince of Condé, controlled much of Paris, having allied himself with the Parliament of Paris, which was in open rebellion against the Crown. The French king, Louis XIV had only recently reached the age of majority (on 7 September 1651), and Condé still claimed that the nefarious influence of Cardinal Mazarin rendered him incapable of rule.[2]

On 2 July 1652, the battle of the Faubourg St Antoine took place just outside the Bastille. Condé had sallied out of Paris to prevent the advance of the royalist forces under the command of Turenne.[3] Condé's forces became trapped against the city walls and the Porte St Antoine, which the Parliament refused to open; he was coming under increasingly heavy fire from the Royalist artillery and the situation looked bleak.[4] In a famous incident, La Grande Mademoiselle, the daughter of Gaston, the Duke of Orléans, convinced her father to issue an order for the Parisian forces to act, before she then entered the Bastille and personally ensured that the commander turned the fortress's cannon on Turenne's army, causing significant casualties and enabling Condé's army's safe withdrawal.[5]

Later in 1652, Condé was finally forced to surrender Paris to the royalist forces in October, effectively bringing the Parisian Fronde to an end: the Bastille returned to royal control. The Fronde in the Provinces, especially around Bordeaux, however, continued through the summer of 1653,[6] also with involvement of the Spanish fleet in the Battle of Bordeaux (1653).

References

  1. ^ a b c d Grant 2011, p. 352.
  2. ^ Munck, p.212; Le Bas, p.191.
  3. ^ Treasure, p.198.
  4. ^ Sainte-Aulaire, p.195; Hazan, p.14.
  5. ^ Sainte-Aulaire, p.195; Hazan, p.14; Treasure, p.198.
  6. ^ Munck, p.212.

Bibliography

  • Hazan, Eric. (2011) The Invention of Paris: A History in Footsteps. London: Verso. ISBN 978-1-84467-705-4.
  • Le Bas, M. (1840) France. Annales historiques. Paris: F. Didot fréres. OCLC 656850085. (in French)
  • Munck, Thomas. (1990) Seventeenth Century Europe: 1598-1700. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-28641-8.
  • Grant, RG, ed. (2011). 1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History. Universe Publishing. ISBN 978-0789322333.
  • Sainte-Aulaire, Louis Clair de Beaupoil Le Comte de. (1827) Histoire de la Fronde, Tome 3. Paris: Baudouin Frères. OCLC 562330561. (in French)
  • Treasure, Geoffrey. (1997) Mazarin: the Crisis of Absolutism in France. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-16211-1.