Battle of Campichuelo

Military operations in Paraguay (in Spanish)

Date	19 December 1810
Location	Campichuelo, near Encarnación, Paraguay
Result	United Provinces victory

Belligerents

United Provinces of South America

Royalist Paraguay

Commanders and leaders

Manuel Belgrano

Pablo Thompson

Strength

800 soldiers

500 soldiers

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v t e Paraguay campaign 1810–1811
Campichuelo Maracaná Paraguarí Tacuarí

The Battle of Campichuelo was an action fought on 19 December 1810 between revolutionary forces led by Manuel Belgrano and royalist troops on the right bank of the Paraná River, part of the Paraguay campaign of the Argentine War of Independence. It ended with a victory for the forces of Belgrano.

Antecedents

The Primera Junta sent an expedition to Paraguay in the belief that a majority of its population supported a rebellion against the rule of colonial Governor Bernardo de Velasco. On 24 September they agreed to send General Manuel Belgrano, who had been appointed governor and captain general of the Banda Oriental by decree of 4 September.

The battle

Because Paraguayan royalists had removed all boats on the River Paraná along its borders, Belgrano's forces had to build boats from leather, some canoes and large wooden rafts suitable to carry 60 men and four cannon, as the crossing was expected to be opposed. The river was 1000 meters wide at the crossing point, and the current would carry them a league and a half downstream, to Campichuelo hill. The passage started at 11:00 pm on 18 December, when a force of 12 men surprised the enemy, taking two prisoners and some weapons. The main crossing took place from 3:00 am until 6:00 am on 19 December under the command of Major General Machain, forcing the enemy to abandon their position.^[1]

Belgrano was operating from the former capital mission of Santa Maria de la Candelaria (Misiones Province today) and nearby sites located in the Argentine province of Corrientes. Belgrano led a small force: 800 men, half cavalry and infantry, with six small-caliber cannon. They faced a 500-man royalist force led by Pablo Thompson. Belgrano issued a proclamation asking the royalists to join the revolutionary ranks; on their refusal he attacked and defeated the royalist forces.

References

^ Instituto Nacional Belgraniano

Manuel Belgrano

Political career

Military career

Paraguay campaign	Battle of Campichuelo Battle of Paraguarí Battle of Tacuarí
2nd Upper Peru expedition	Creation of the Flag of Argentina Jujuy Exodus Battle of Tucumán Battle of Salta Battle of Vilcapugio Battle of Ayohuma Yatasto relay

Historiography

Monuments

Argentine War of Independence

Causes

Political ideas	Age of Enlightenment Carlotism Retroversion of the sovereignty to the people
Economy	The Representation of the Landowners
Events	British invasions of the Río de la Plata Peninsular War Chuquisaca Revolution La Paz revolution Mutiny of Álzaga May Revolution
Last viceroys	Rafael de Sobremonte Santiago de Liniers Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros Francisco Javier de Elío

Combatants

Campaigns & Theaters
Battles
Events

Argentine Combatants	Army of the Andes Army of the North Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers Regiment of Patricians
Campaigns & Theaters	Crossing of the Andes First Upper Peru campaign Second Upper Peru campaign Third Upper Peru campaign Liniers Counter-revolution Paraguay campaign Second Banda Oriental campaign
Major battles	Ayohuma Chacabuco Huaqui Maipú Martín García Salta San Lorenzo Suipacha Tacuarí Tucumán Vilcapugio
Other events	Argentine Declaration of Independence Arequito Revolt Cry of Asencio Jujuy Exodus Revolution of October 8, 1812 Yatasto relay

Leaders

Patriots

Military	Carlos María de Alvear Cornelio Saavedra José de San Martín José Gervasio Artigas Manuel Belgrano Martín Miguel de Güemes William Brown
Civilian	Bernardino Rivadavia Mariano Moreno

Royalists

Military	Santiago de Liniers Vicente Nieto
Civilian	Ferdinand VII of Spain Francisco Javier de Elío Martín de Álzaga

Governments

Primera Junta	Cornelio Saavedra Manuel Alberti Miguel de Azcuénaga Manuel Belgrano Juan José Castelli Domingo Matheu Juan Larrea Mariano Moreno Juan José Paso
Junta Grande	Cornelio Saavedra Juan José Paso Miguel de Azcuénaga Domingo Matheu Juan Larrea Manuel Alberti José Simón García de Cossio Juan Francisco Tarragona Manuel Felipe Molina Gregorio Funes José Julián Pérez Francisco de Gurruchaga Juan Ignacio de Gorriti José Antonio Olmos de Aguilera Manuel Ignacio Molina Marcelino Poblet José Ignacio Fernández Maradona Hipólito Vieytes Francisco Ortiz de Ocampo Pedro Francisco de Uriarte Nicolás Rodríguez Peña Feliciano Antonio Chiclana Atanasio Gutiérrez Juan Alagón Joaquín Campana
First Triumvirate	Manuel de Sarratea Feliciano Chiclana Juan José Paso Juan Martín de Pueyrredón
Second Triumvirate	Juan José Paso Nicolás Rodríguez Peña Antonio Álvarez Jonte José Julián Pérez Gervasio Posadas Juan Larrea
Supreme Directors	Gervasio Antonio de Posadas Carlos María de Alvear Juan José Viamonte José Rondeau Ignacio Álvarez Thomas Antonio González de Balcarce Juan Martín de Pueyrredón José Rondeau Juan Pedro Aguirre

Congresses

Assembly of Year XIII	Hipólito Vieytes Valentín Gómez Vicente López y Planes José Julián Pérez Pedro Agrelo José Moldes Juan Larrea Gervasio Posadas Carlos María de Alvear Tomás Antonio Valle Bernardo Monteagudo Mariano Perdriel José Fermín Sarmiento José Ugarteche Nicolás Laguna Juan Ramón Balcarce Agustín José Donado Pedro Vidal Ramón Eduardo Anchoris José Amenábar Francisco Argerich Antonio Suárez Cosme Damián Urtubey José Miguel de Cabrera Andrés Pardo de Figueroa José Mariano Serrano Ángel Mariano Toro Simón Díaz de Ramila Gregorio Ferreira Ramón Mariaca Pedro Ignacio de Rivera
Congress of Tucumán	Tomás de Anchorena Juan Agustín Maza José Antonio Cabrera Justo de Santa María de Oro José Ignacio Thames José Colombres Gerónimo Salguero Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros José Severo Malabia Mariano Sánchez de Loria Pedro Ignacio Rivera Pedro León Gallo Pedro Francisco de Uriarte Esteban Agustín Gazcón Pedro Miguel Aráoz Tomás Godoy Cruz Eduardo Pérez Bulnes Teodoro Sánchez de Bustamante José Andrés Pacheco de Melo José Ignacio de Gorriti Manuel Antonio Acevedo Pedro Medrano Cayetano José Rodríguez José Darragueira Antonio Sáenz Juan José Paso José Mariano Serrano Mariano Boedo Francisco Narciso de Laprida

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