Banksia baueri

Woolly banksia
Banksia baueri inflorescence
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Banksia
Species:
B. baueri
Binomial name
Banksia baueri
Synonyms

Sirmuellera baueri (R.Br.) Kuntze

Habit in Kings Park, Western Australia

Banksia baueri, commonly known as the woolly banksia,[2] is a species of shrub that is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It has serrated leaves and a distinctively large and hairy looking inflorescence with cream, yellow or brown flowers, and hairy fruit.

Description

Banksia baueri grows as a many-branched spreading shrub reaching 0.5–2 m (1 ft 8 in – 6 ft 7 in) high, and 3 m (9.8 ft) wide but does not form a lignotuber. Its bark is thin and grey with long fissures, while new growth is covered in fine pale brown fur. New growth occurs in summer. The leaves are usually narrow egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 40–130 mm (1.6–5.1 in) long and 5–35 mm (0.20–1.38 in) wide with serrated edges, tapering to a petiole 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) long. The inflorescence develops over 5–6 months, and can reach 120–130 mm (4.7–5.1 in) in diameter, 170 mm (6.7 in) high and is borne on a short side branch. The flowers are cream, yellow or brown and hairy, the perianth 50–70 mm (2.0–2.8 in) long and the pistil 50–58 mm (2.0–2.3 in) long with a glabrous style. The fruit is a hairy, elliptical follicle 12–17 mm (0.47–0.67 in) long.[2][3][4][5]

Taxonomy

Robert Brown described Banksia baueri in 1830, after it had been collected by William Baxter at King Georges Sound in 1829. The description was published in Brown's supplement to his Prodromus.[6][7] It was named for the brothers Austrian botanical artists Franz and Ferdinand Bauer, Ferdinand having travelled with Brown on his 1801–05 voyage.[8]

Under Brown's taxonomic arrangement, B. baueri was placed in subgenus Banksia verae, the "True Banksias", because the inflorescence is a typical Banksia flower spike. Banksia verae was renamed Eubanksia by Stephan Endlicher in 1847, and demoted to sectional rank by Carl Meissner in his 1856 classification. Meissner further divided Eubanksia into four series, with B. baueri placed in series Quercinae on the basis of its toothed leaves.[9] When George Bentham published his 1870 arrangement in Flora Australiensis, he discarded Meissner's series, replacing them with four sections. B. baueri was placed in Cyrtostylis, a heterogeneous section containing 13 species that did not readily fit elsewhere.[10] This arrangement would stand for over a century.

In 1891, Otto Kuntze, in his Revisio Generum Plantarum, rejected the generic name Banksia L.f., on the grounds that the name Banksia had previously been published in 1776 as Banksia J.R.Forst & G.Forst, referring to the genus now known as Pimelea. Kuntze proposed Sirmuellera as an alternative, referring to this species as Sirmuellera baueri.[11] This application of the principle of priority was largely ignored by Kuntze's contemporaries,[12] and Banksia L.f. was formally conserved and Sirmuellera rejected in 1940.[13]

It is placed alone in series Banksia series Bauerinae. In his 1981 monograph on the genus, Alex George classified it in the reinstated but much-reduced series Quercinae, alongside Banksia quercifolia and B. oreophila. However he noted its follicles, which are beaked after they open, and cotyledon shape, did not fit with the other taxa and pondered an affinity with B. menziesii and B. sceptrum[3]

Common names include woolly banksia, possum banksia, woolly-spiked banksia,[5] pussy cat banksia or teddy bear banksia, all of which relate to the large furry flower spikes.[8]

Distribution and habitat

Banksia baueri is found in southern Western Australia in three disjunct areas - from Bremer Bay in the east to Jerdacuttup, on the south Stirling Plains, and to the northwest inland between Kweda and Tarin Rock.[5] Plants grow in shrubland or mallee, on flat or genty sloping ground,[5] on white or grey sand or on shallow sand over laterite or quartzite.[4]

Ecology

A 1985–86 field study in the Fitzgerald River National Park found it to be a main wintertime food source for the nectar-feeding honey possum (Tarsipes rostratus).[14]

Use in horticulture

Its unusual flower spikes are an attractive horticultural feature. It requires well-drained soil in full sun or part shade.[15] Seeds do not require any treatment, and take 20 to 49 days to germinate.[16]

References

  1. ^ "Banksia baueri". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Banksia baueri". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  3. ^ a b George, Alex (1981). "The genus Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". Nuytsia. 3 (3): 317–319. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  4. ^ a b "Banksia baueri". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  5. ^ a b c d Taylor, Anne; Hopper, Stephen (1988). The Banksia Atlas (Australian Flora and Fauna Series Number 8). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian Government Publishing Service. pp. 58–59. ISBN 0-644-07124-9.
  6. ^ "Banksia baueri". APNI. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  7. ^ Brown, Robert (1830). Supplementum primum prodromi florae Novae Hollandiae: Proteaceas Novas. London: Typis Ricardi Taylor. pp. 35–36. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  8. ^ a b Wrigley, John; Fagg, Murray (1991). Banksias, Waratahs and Grevilleas. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. p. 89. ISBN 0-207-17277-3.
  9. ^ Meissner, Carl (1856). "Proteaceae". In A. P. de Candolle (ed.). Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, pars decima quarta (in Latin). Paris: Sumptibus Victoris Masson.
  10. ^ Bentham, George (1870). "Banksia". Flora Australiensis: A Description of the Plants of the Australian Territory. Vol. 5: Myoporineae to Proteaceae. London: L. Reeve & Co. pp. 541–562.
  11. ^ Kuntze, Otto (1891). Revisio generum plantarum. Vol. 2. Leipzig: Arthur Felix. pp. 581–582.
  12. ^ Rehder, A.; Weatherby, C. A.; Mansfeld, R.; Green, M. L. (1935). "Conservation of Later Generic Homonyms". Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew). 1935 (6/9): 368. doi:10.2307/4107078. JSTOR 4107078.
  13. ^ Sprague, T. A. (1940). "Additional Nomina Generica Conservanda (Pteridophyta and Phanerogamae)". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1940 (3): 99. doi:10.2307/4111642. JSTOR 4111642.
  14. ^ Wooller, Ronald D.; Richardson, K. C.; Collins, B.G. (1993). "The relationship between nectar supply and the rate of capture of a nectar-dependent small marsupial Tarsipes rostratus". Journal of Zoology (London). 229 (4): 651–658. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1993.tb02662.x.
  15. ^ Walters, Brian (February 2010). "Banksia baueri". Australian Native Plants Society (Australia) website. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
  16. ^ Sweedman, Luke; Merritt, David, eds. (2006). Australian seeds: a guide to their collection, identification and biology. CSIRO Publishing. p. 202. ISBN 0-643-09298-6.
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