Bal-chatri

Bal-chatri made of split bamboo with a small bird as bait used for trapping shikras (India, 1897)[1]

Bal-chatri (/bɑːl tʃʌθri/) are traps designed to catch birds of prey (raptors). The trap essentially consists of a cage baited inside with a conspicuously visible live rodent or small bird, with a series of monofilament nooses attached to the surface to snare the legs of a free-flying raptor that attempts to take the bait.[2] The name is derived from the Hindi word used by trappers in India. Modified bal-chatri traps are also used for catching shrikes.[3]

History

The bal-chatri originated in East India as a trap developed and used by falconers to catch suitable birds of prey to train for use in hunting. It consisted of a small, conical, cane cage, containing live lure birds to attract raptors, and covered with attached horsehair nooses to entangle their feet.[4] The term bal-chatri (Hindi: बाल छत्री) has been mistranslated as "boy's umbrella",[5] or "small umbrella",[6] after their shape but is correctly translated to "hair umbrella" and refers to the nooses made of horse-hair anchored to the umbrella-like frame.[7] Bal-chatris continue to be used by falconers, but are also used in ornithological research projects which require the capture of raptors for banding and other procedures, such as blood sampling.[4]

Methodology and use

Contemporary traps are made of more modern materials, such as wire mesh cages with nooses made of nylon monofilament. The traps vary from 25–50 cm in diameter or length, with the nooses 4–12 cm in diameter. They are normally weighted to prevent them from being carried away by ensnared birds.[6] The live lure, or bait, animals used for the trap are usually rodents such as house mice.[4] The cage may have a double wall, or a removable roof or inner compartment, both to protect the bait animals from the raptors, and to prevent them damaging the nooses by chewing them.

The traps are designed to be highly portable and may be deployed opportunistically from a slowly moving vehicle on a roadside when a hawk or falcon is sighted perch-hunting from a pole or utility line along a road. They may also be used near nesting sites in order to trap a breeding pair. Active traps require continuous monitoring. Users require proper training; there are ethical considerations and the need for experience in the use of bal-chatris to avoid harming, and minimizing temporary stress to, the bait animals and the raptors caught.[2]

References

  1. ^ Macpherson HA (1897). A history of fowling. Edinburgh: David Douglas. p. 200.
  2. ^ a b Maritz, Abrie (1998). "The Ethics of Raptor Ringing" (PDF). Safring News. 27: 37–39.
  3. ^ Yosef, Reuven & Lohrer, Fred E. (1992). "A composite treadle/bal-chatri trap for loggerhead shrikes". Wildlife Society Bulletin. 20 (1): 116–118. JSTOR 3782770.
  4. ^ a b c Berger, Daniel D. & Mueller, Helmut C. (1959). "The bal-chatri: a trap for the birds of prey" (PDF). Bird-Banding. 30 (1): 18–26. doi:10.2307/4510726. JSTOR 4510726.
  5. ^ Craighead, F. & Craighead, J. (1942). "Life With An Indian Prince". National Geographic. 81 (2): 247.
  6. ^ a b Bildstein, Keith L. (2006). Migrating Raptors of the World: Their Ecology & Conservation. Cornell University Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-8014-4179-0.
  7. ^ Clark, William S (1992). "On the etymology of the name Bal-Chatri" (PDF). Journal of Raptor Research. 26 (3): 196–197.

Further reading

Read other articles:

Clock Tower (permainan video 1995)

Clock Tower (permainan video) dan Clock Tower (PlayStation) dialihkan ke halaman ini. Untuk permainan video yang dirilis di luar Jepang berjudul Clock Tower, lihat Clock Tower (permainan video 1996). Clock Tower Publikasi 14 September 1995 Super FamicomWindowsPlayStationWonderSwanVirtual Console GenreHoror sintasanPetualangan tunjuk-dan-klikKarakteristik teknisPlatformWindows, Super Nintendo Entertainment System, PlayStation, WonderSwan, PlayStation Portable, Wii dan Wii U ModePermainan video...

 

Douglas BTD Destroyer

Douglas BTD Destroyer Le XSB2D-1 en 1943 Constructeur Douglas Aircraft Company Rôle Bombardier-torpilleur Statut Retiré du service Premier vol 8 avril 1943 Mise en service 1944 Date de retrait 1945 Nombre construits 30 Équipage 1 pilote Motorisation Moteur Wright R-3350-14 Cyclone 18 Nombre 1 Type Moteur en étoile Puissance unitaire 2 300 ch Dimensions Envergure 13,72 m Longueur 11,76 m Hauteur 4,14 m Surface alaire 13,72 m2 Masses À vide 5 244 kg...

 

Klakah, Lumajang

KlakahKecamatanKantor kecamatan KlakahNegara IndonesiaProvinsiJawa TimurKabupatenLumajangPemerintahan • CamatArief Mashudi, S.Pi, MP.Populasi • Total48.759 jiwa jiwaKode Kemendagri35.08.19 Kode BPS3508190 Luas83.67 km²Desa/kelurahan12 Desa Klakah adalah sebuah kecamatan di Kabupaten Lumajang, Provinsi Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Pariwisata Ranu Pakis, dengan keramba jala pemeliharaan ikan nila. Samar-samar tertutup awan di belakang adalah Gunung Lemongan. Terdapat tig...

حسن معاذ فلاته

حسن معاذ معلومات شخصية الاسم الكامل حسن معاذ طاهر فلاته الميلاد 27 يناير 1986 (العمر 38 سنة)السعودية الطول 1.73 م (5 قدم 8 بوصة) مركز اللعب ظهير أيمن الجنسية السعودية  مسيرة الشباب سنوات فريق 2003–2004 الأنصار المسيرة الاحترافية1 سنوات فريق م. (هـ.) 2004–2017 الشباب 171 (14) 2017–2018 ا�...

 

Homo ergaster

Homo ergasterRentang fosil: Pleistosen Tengkorak KNM-ER 3733 ditemukan oleh Bernard Ngeneo pada 1975 (Kenya) Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Chordata Kelas: Mammalia Ordo: Primates Famili: Hominidae Tribus: Hominini Genus: Homo Spesies: H. ergaster Nama binomial †Homo ergasterGroves & Mazak, 1975 Homo ergaster (dari bahasa Latin yang berarti manusia yang pandai) adalah spesies hominin yang telah punah yang hidup di Afrika timur dan selatan antara 1.9 hingga 1.4 juta t...

 

Человек прямоходящий

† Человек прямоходящий Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:Синапсиды�...

Khmer architecture

Architecture built by the Khmers during the Angkor period The 12th-century temple of Angkor Wat is the masterpiece of Angkorian architecture. Constructed under the direction of the Khmer king Suryavarman II, Angkor Wat is a Hindu-Buddhist temple. Part of a series on theCulture of Cambodia Society Khmers Ethnic groups Folklore History Languages Holidays Religion Script Women Youth Topics Art Architecture Ceramics Cinema Clothing Cuisine (Royal cuisine) Dance Literature Media Newspapers Radio T...

 

الخماسي الحديث في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية

الخماسي الحديث في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفيةالهيئة الإداريةالاتحاد الدولي للخماسي الحديثالمنافسات2 (رجال: 1; سيدات: 1)الألعاب 1896 1900 1904 1908 1912 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 قائمة الفائزين بالميداليات الخماسي الحديث هو مسابقة رياضية تم إنشا�...

 

Wanita dalam dunia Arab

Artikel ini bukan mengenai Wanita di Islam. Tiga wanita asal Aljir pada 1880an; gadis yang berrebah memegang sepuntung rokok. Wanita di dunia Arab hidup dalam situasi yang unik, dengan tantangan khusus yang tak timbul di banyak belahan dunia lainnya. Secara garis besar, kaum wanita tersebut sepanjang sejarah mengalami diskriminasi dan menjadi subyek pembatasan dari kebebasan dan hak mereka. Beberapa praktik berdasarkan pada keyakinan agama, namun beberapa batasan bersifat kultural dan timbul ...

مركز الأميرة هيا للتقانات الحيوية

مركز الأميرة هيا للتقانات الحيويةتأسس2005 ممجال البحثالتقانات الحيوية، الصحة العامة، المستحضرات الصيدليةالمديرد. ليث العيطان[1]الموقعالرمثا، إربد،  الأردنحرم جامعيجامعة العلوم والتكنولوجيا الأردنيةالهيئة الإداريةجامعة العلوم والتكنولوجيا الأردنيةمركز الأمي...

 

List of equipment of the Russian Ground Forces

Russian Armed Forces Ministry of Defence Staff General Staff of the Armed Forces Services (vid) Russian Ground Forces Russian Aerospace Forces Russian Navy Independent troops (rod) Strategic Rocket Forces Russian Airborne Forces Special operations force (sof) Special Operations Forces Other troops Logistical Support Military districts Western Military District Southern Military District Central Military District Eastern Military District Northern Fleet Joint Strategic Command History of the ...

 

ياسين البخيت

ياسين البخيت معلومات شخصية الاسم الكامل ياسين محمود عبد الله البخيت[1] الميلاد 24 مارس 1989 (العمر 35 سنة)[1]عمان، الأردن الطول 1.74 م (5 قدم 8 1⁄2 بوصة)[1] مركز اللعب وسط الجنسية الأردن  معلومات النادي النادي الحالي نادي أم صلال الرقم 7 المسيرة الاحترافية1 �...

AaB Fodbold

Danish football club Football clubAaBFull nameAalborg Boldspilklub af 1885Nickname(s)De røde (The reds), De bolchestribede (The candy-cane striped)Short nameAaBFounded13 May 1885;139 years ago (1885-05-13)GroundAalborg Portland Park, AalborgCapacity13,800[1] (7,700 seated)OwnerAaB A/SSports directorOle Jan KappmeierHead coachMenno van DamLeagueSuperliga2023–241. Division, 2nd of 12 (promoted)WebsiteClub website Home colours Away colours Current season AaB,[2] ...

 

Lallmatie

Village in Flacq District, MauritiusLallmatieVillageLallmatieSugarcane landscape in Giroday Road, The National Market of Lallmatie and The Hindu Temple of Lallmatie.Coordinates: 20°1′6.22″S 57°34′48.62″E / 20.0183944°S 57.5801722°E / -20.0183944; 57.5801722Country MauritiusDistrictsFlacq DistrictPopulation (2011)[1] • Total11,910 • Density793.5/km2 (2,055/sq mi)Time zoneUTC+4 (MUT)Area code230ISO 3166 codeMUClimateA...

 

Uí Ímair

Vue générale de la zone gouvernée par les Uí Ímair Les Uí Ímair ou Uí Ímhair étaient une dynastie celto-norroise qui régna sur la mer d’Irlande et la côte ouest de l’Écosse de la fin du IXe siècle jusqu'au Xe siècle. Histoire Leur nom, écrit en vieil irlandais, signifie « petits-enfants » ou « descendants d’Ivar » : Le mythique Ivar Ragnarsson (dit Ivar Sans-Os ?) ou Ivarr roi de Dublin, celui dont les Annales d’Irlande signa...

We Be Clubbin'

We Be Clubbin'Single by Ice Cubefrom the album The Players Club: Music From and Inspired by the Motion Picture ReleasedDecember 18, 1997Recorded1997GenreHip hopLength4:48Label Heavyweight A&M Songwriter(s) O'Shea Ice Cube Jackson Rodolfo Clark Kent Franklin Earl DMX Simmons Producer(s) Rick Dutch Cousin DJ Clark Kent Ice Cube singles chronology Men of Steel (1997) We Be Clubbin' (1997) Pushin' Weight (1998) Music videoWe Be Clubbin' on YouTube We Be Clubbin' is the first sing...

 

Marmaduke (2022 film)

2022 filmMarmadukeSouth African theatrical release posterDirected byMark DippéScreenplay byByron KavanaghBased onMarmadukeby Brad AndersonPaul AndersonProduced byDan ChubaMark DippéBridget McMeelTimothy Wayne PeternellYoungki LeeJonghan KimMatthew JoynesSimon CroweStarring Pete Davidson J. K. Simmons David Koechner Edited byAalaap MajgavkarAaron SeelmanMusic byNicholas SchnierProductioncompaniesOne Cool AnimationAndrews McMeel EntertainmentSC Films InternationalLegacy Classics Family Entert...

 

Visakhapatnam railway station

Railway station at Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Visakhapatnam railway station – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Visakhapatnam JunctionRegional rail, Light rail & Goods railway station...

African Leadership Academy

Premier Pan-African high school in South Africa This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This ar...

 

Shotgun sequencing

Method used for sequencing random DNA strands In genetics, shotgun sequencing is a method used for sequencing random DNA strands. It is named by analogy with the rapidly expanding, quasi-random shot grouping of a shotgun. The chain-termination method of DNA sequencing (Sanger sequencing) can only be used for short DNA strands of 100 to 1000 base pairs. Due to this size limit, longer sequences are subdivided into smaller fragments that can be sequenced separately, and these sequences are assem...