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Bailleul

Belle
Bailleul Belle
Commune
	Market place and belfry of Bailleul
	Flag Coat of arms
	Location of Bailleul
	Bailleul Bailleul
	Coordinates: 50°44′21″N 2°44′00″E / 50.7392°N 2.7333°E
Country	France
Region	Hauts-de-France
Department	Nord
Arrondissement	Dunkerque
Canton	Bailleul
Intercommunality	CC Flandre Intérieure
Government
• Mayor (2020–2026)	Antony Gautier
Area 1	43.42 km2 (16.76 sq mi)
Population (2021)	14,869
• Density	340/km2 (890/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code	59043 /59270
Elevation	14–86 m (46–282 ft) ; (avg. 44 m or 144 ft)
	1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Bailleul (French pronunciation: [bajœl] ^ⓘ; Belle in Dutch) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.^[3] It is located in French Flanders, 3 km (2 mi) from the Belgian border and 26 km (16 mi) northwest of Lille.

Population

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1793	11,576	—
1800	8,944	−3.62%
1806	9,222	+0.51%
1821	9,475	+0.18%
1831	9,823	+0.36%
1836	9,911	+0.18%
1841	9,923	+0.02%
1846	10,141	+0.44%
1851	10,078	−0.12%
1856	10,108	+0.06%
1861	10,102	−0.01%
1866	12,896	+5.00%
1872	12,828	−0.09%
1876	12,968	+0.27%
1881	12,712	−0.40%
1886	13,335	+0.96%
1891	13,276	−0.09%
1896	13,449	+0.26%

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1901	13,530	+0.12%
1906	13,573	+0.06%
1911	13,251	−0.48%
1921	6,651	−6.66%
1926	8,545	+5.14%
1931	9,691	+2.55%
1936	10,928	+2.43%
1946	11,352	+0.38%
1954	11,964	+0.66%
1962	12,583	+0.63%
1968	13,077	+0.64%
1975	13,474	+0.43%
1982	13,400	−0.08%
1990	13,847	+0.41%
1999	14,146	+0.24%
2007	13,496	−0.59%
2012	14,564	+1.53%
2017	14,769	+0.28%

Source: EHESS^[4] and INSEE (1968-2017)^[5]

Heraldry

Arms of Bailleul	The arms of Bailleul are blazoned: Gules, a cross vair.

Media

Bailleul is the birthplace of French filmmaker Bruno Dumont and served as the setting for his first two feature films. This area is also a setting in the Timothy Findley book The Wars.

Points of interest

The city hall and belfry of Bailleul was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2005 as part of the Belfries of Belgium and France site, in recognition of their importance in the rise of municipal power in Europe.^[6]

The Jardin des Plantes Sauvages du Conservatoire botanique national de Bailleul is a botanical garden of protected plants. Over 850 species of native plants are found in the garden.

History

In 1526, Flanders fell to the Spanish Netherlands by the Treaty of Madrid. Under the reign of Philip II, the first religious problems arose between Flanders and Spain.

In the 17th century, Flanders was a permanent battlefield. Louis XIV reconquered Flanders. As a result, Bailleul reverted to France in 1678.

With the Treaty of Utrecht, Flanders and with it Bailleul fell to Austria in 1713, before both finally passed to France in 1745 after the Battle of Fontenoy and the Treaty of Aachen. Numerous fires marked the history of the city.

From the 17th to the 19th century, the bobbin lace craft developed in Bailleul. (La Maison de la Dentelle bobbin lace museum), a craft for which the town is still known far beyond its borders.

During First World War, the area around Bailleul was at times heavily affected by the heavy fighting that German and Allied troops engaged in around the nearby Belgian town of Ypres. When German troops used chlorine gas against the Allied troops near Wulverghem (municipality of Heuvelland, Belgium) on 30 April 1916 over a front length of 3.2 kilometres, the resulting toxic gas cloud extended as far as Bailleul. During the German Spring Offensive in Operation Georgette from 13 April 1918, Bailleul with its old Flemish Town Centre was more than 90 percent destroyed. After the severe destruction of the First World War, the town was rebuilt in the Neo-Flemish style during the 20th century. A typical example of the architectural style, which was widespread throughout Flanders, is the town hall of 1932 with its bell tower.

Railways

Bailleul has a railway station on the line from Lille to Calais and Dunkirk.

International relations

Bailleul is twinned with:^[7]

Werne, Germany, since 1967
Hawick, Scotland, United Kingdom, since 1973
Izegem, Belgium, since 1992
Kyritz, Germany, since 2012
Wałcz, Poland, since 2015

Personalities

Edmond de Coussemaker
Pharaon de Winter, painter
Marguerite Yourcenar, academic
Jean Delobel, politician
Michel Delebarre, politician
Bruno Dumont, director and filmmaker
Philippe Édouard Léon Van Tieghem, Biologist and botanist born in Bailleul in 1839
Jean-Luc Samyn, jockey in American thoroughbred racing

References

^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
^ "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
^ INSEE commune file
^ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Bailleul, EHESS (in French).
^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
^ "Belfries of Belgium and France". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
^ "Jumelages". ville-bailleul.fr (in French). Bailleul. Retrieved 21 November 2019.