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BRAC Onnesha
	BRAC Onnesha at the bottom of Birds-1 second deploying batch
Names	Bird BB
Mission type	Technology demonstration; Earth observation
Operator	BRAC University
COSPAR ID	1998-067MX
SATCAT no.	42823
Mission duration	24 months (planned); 21 months, 28 days (achieved)
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft type	1U CubeSat
Manufacturer	BRAC University
Launch mass	1 kg
Dimensions	10 x 10 x 10 cm
Power	watts
Start of mission
Launch date	3 June 2017, 21:07:38 UTC
Rocket	Falcon 9 FT, CRS-11
Launch site	Kennedy, LC-39A
Contractor	SpaceX
Deployed from	Nanoracks CubeSat Deployer
Deployment date	7 July 2017, 08:51 UTC
End of mission
Disposal	Deorbited
Decay date	6 May 2019
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric orbit
Regime	Low Earth orbit
Perigee altitude	395.5 km
Apogee altitude	406.2 km
Inclination	51.64°
Period	92.57 minutes
	Joint Global Multi-Nation Birds Satellite Birds-2 →

BRAC Onnesha was the first nanosatellite built in Bangladesh to be launched into space. The satellite was designed and built in conjunction with Kyushu Institute of Technology Birds-1 program, which has the goal of helping countries build their first satellite. It was designed and built over a two-year period.

The satellite had imaging capabilities and could transmit songs to Earth that were uploaded to its memory. It was launched on a Falcon 9 rocket to the International Space Station on 3 June 2017, after which it was released from the Kibō module. The satellite completed an orbit once every 92 minutes. The satellite deorbited on 6 May 2019.

Background

Japan supports non-spacefaring countries to build their first satellite through a program called the Joint Global Multi-Nation Birds Satellite (BIRDS) project. Besides Japan, four countries participated in the Birds-1 program: Ghana, Mongolia, Nigeria, and Bangladesh.^[3] The five satellites were identical in their design.^[4]

Development

The idea to develop a satellite was conceived in 2013. On 15 June 2016, Syed Saad Andaleeb, Vice Chancellor at BRAC University, signed a contract with the Kyushu Institute of Technology (Kyutech), Japan, on behalf of BRAC University. This led to the collaborative building of the first experimental university-made nano-satellite of Bangladesh, designed, developed and assembled by three Bangladeshi students at the Kyushu Institute of Technology. On 8 February 2017, Andaleeb received BRAC Onnesha from Kyutech's President Yuji Oie and Mengu Cho, Kyutech's Director of the Laboratory of Spacecraft Environment Interaction Engineering.^[5]

BRAC University took up an initiative to start space and remote sensing research in collaboration with Kyutech and the Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO).^[6] BRAC University has built a ground station at its Mohakhali campus to analyse data and photographs sent from space for further research purposes.^[7]

Professor Mengu Cho of Kyutech said, "BRAC ONNESHA was easy to build and affordable and their prime objective was to educate the students so that they could go back to build one completely by themselves, presumably in October 2017".^[8]

The two-year period spanning the development, construction, launch and operation of the satellites engaged three university students from each of the five participating countries. All five satellites had to be identical to each other in the class of a 1U CubeSat.^[9] The satellite cost about US$500,000 to manufacture and launch.^[10] They were expected to last 1.1 years.^[11]

Mission

Launch

SpaceX launched the satellite on its CRS-11 mission to the International Space Station (ISS) on 3 June 2017. The satellite was carried in a Dragon spacecraft on a Falcon 9 rocket, launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center, LC-39A. This was the 100th launch from LC-39A and the first time SpaceX reused one of its Dragon capsules.^[1] Once on the ISS, the satellite was deployed from the Japanese Kibō module.^[12]

The satellite orbited the Earth at an altitude of approximately 400 kilometres (250 mi) and at an inclination of 51.6°, completing an orbit every 92.57 minutes at a velocity of 7.67 kilometres per second (4.77 mi/s).^[13]^[10]

Operations

The satellite communicated with seven ground stations: one in each of the countries participating in the Birds-1 program, and one each in Thailand and Taiwan.^[3] Bangladesh's ground station, inaugurated 25 May 2017, is on the top of a building at BRAC University.^[8]

BRAC Onnesha was a nanosatellite shaped as a 10 centimetres (3.9 in) cube capable of completing one orbit 400 kilometres (250 mi) above the ground in 90 minutes and passing over Bangladesh four to six times a day. The primary objective of the satellite was to image vegetation, urbanisation, flood, water resources, and forestry.^[14] All Birds-1 satellites deorbited in May 2019. BRAC Onnesha was the second to deorbit, decaying on 6 May 2019.^[11]^[15]