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Azadvar

ازادوار
Azadvar ازادوار
village
	Azadvar
	Coordinates: 36°44′43″N 56°43′11″E / 36.74528°N 56.71972°E
Country	Iran
Province	Razavi Khorasan
County	Joghatai
Bakhsh	Helali
Rural District	Pain Jovin
Population (2006)
• Total	1,720
Time zone	UTC+3:30 (IRST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+4:30 (IRDT)

Azadvar (Persian: ازادوار, also Romanized as Āzādvar)^[1] is a village in Pain Jovin Rural District, Helali District, Joghatai County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran.

Name

The naming of Azadwar is mentioned as meaning "the nature and character of free people" and "like the free men"^[2]

Population

At the 2006 census, its population was 1,720, in 388 families.^[3]

History

Azadvar was a historic city and the center of the Juyn province, mentioned in historical texts. Its capital is "Azadvar" which, in the early period, is located to the west. Al-Baladhuri and Yaqoubi mention the Juyn province and write:

Uthman ibn Affan gave the province of Basra to Abdullah ibn Amir ibn Kuraiz. Abdullah went to war in Khorasan, where Abu Salim Yazid ibn Yazid al-Jurashi was sent to capture Nishapur. After capturing Nishapur, Abu Salim also took Juyn and captured many slaves.^[4]

Shams al-Din al-Maqdisi, in his book Ahsan al-Taqasim fi Ma'rifat al-Aqalim, mentions Azadwar and writes:

Guyan is a vast and fertile village, producing abundant fruits and grains, with clothes being exported from there. It has a road to Gorgan. Its people are devoted to Hadith and literature. The city, Azadwar, is prosperous, populated, and fertile.

Istakhri and Ibn Hawqal refer to Azadwar as one of the cities of Nishapur, along with Buzjan, Zawzan, Termez, and Suzwar. In the book Hudud al-'Alam, Azadwar is described as a small town, stating:

"It lies between the desert and the fertile region, on the road to Gorgan, and is particularly famous for its grapes" (p. 89).

Abu Abdullah, the ruler of Nishapur, writes about the conquest of Azadwar by the Arabs:

"Abdullah ibn Amir acted swiftly and tried hard, soon descending upon Azadwar in Juyn."

Gardizi writes after the conquest of Azadwar by the Arabs:

"Some say Ibn Amir came to Qum and then to Guyan (Juyn), where he stayed before heading to Azadwar, where he made peace."

Yaqut al-Hamawi, who had seen Azadwar himself, writes:

"I saw it, and it is the village of the Khurrah Juyn, belonging to the lands of Nishapur. It is the first village on the traveler's route from Ray, prosperous, populated, with a market and mosques. It has a large Khan, built by a merchant from the Ahl al-Sabil, and many scholars are associated with it."

Hamdallah Mustawfi mentions Azadwar as the "village of Azadwar." Lesterange speaks of two communication routes between Bastam (in the Qom province) and Nishapur, writing:

One is a shorter post road running through the desert, passing through Sabzevar; the other is a closer caravan route that passes through the Juyn plain and its settlements, including Azadwar. Old sources and recent studies suggest that the second route must be the Silk Road, which also passed through Azadwar.

According to Gabriel Hanotaux, after the Mongol invasion, Azadwar retained its strategic position but did not regain its former prosperity for a long time (Gabriel, 295).

Azadwar was prosperous during the Safavid era, as it was listed alongside other provincial capitals such as Abivard, Nisa, Esfarayen, and Torbat, with its tax revenues being paid to the Beglerbegi of Mashhad. The tax amount was 139 tomans and 3,530 dinars (Bastani Parizi, 193).

According to Mohammad Hassan Ettehad al-Saltaneh, Azadwar lost its prosperity and significance during the Qajar period. He writes that pottery remnants from the 4th century to the Safavid era can be found and examined in Azadwar

Historical Monuments

The tomb of Hassan Ghaznavi, which features a dome with two-story iwans, is the largest building in Azadwar.

References

^ Azadvar can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "10653599" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
^ Ali Akbar Dehkhoda (1998), Lughatnameh, Tehran: University of Tehran, Vol. 1, p. 115.
^ "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)" (Excel). Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original on 2011-09-20.
^ Shihab al-Din Abu Abdullah Yaqut al-Hamawi (1977), Mu'jam al-Buldan, Beirut: Dar al-Sader, Vol. 2, p. 192.