Awat County

Awat County
ئاۋات ناھىيىسى (Uyghur)
阿瓦提县 (Chinese)
Awati
County
Location of the county in Aksu Prefecture (yellow) and Xinjiang
Location of the county in Aksu Prefecture (yellow) and Xinjiang
Awat is located in Xinjiang
Awat
Awat
Location of the seat in Xinjiang
Awat is located in China
Awat
Awat
Awat (China)
Coordinates: 40°38′00″N 80°22′00″E / 40.6333°N 80.3667°E / 40.6333; 80.3667
CountryChina
Autonomous regionXinjiang
PrefectureAksu
County seatAwat Town
Township-level divisions5 towns, 3 townships
Area
 • Total
13,017.89 km2 (5,026.24 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Total
242,481
 • Density19/km2 (48/sq mi)
Ethnic groups
 • Major ethnic groupsUyghur, Han Chinese[2][3]
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard[a])
Postal code
843200
Websitewww.xjawt.gov.cn (in Chinese)
Awat County
Uyghur name
Uyghurئاۋات ناھىيىسى‎
Transcriptions
Latin YëziqiAwat Nahiyisi
Yengi YeziⱪAvat Nah̡iyisi
SASM/GNCAwat Nahiyisi
Siril YëziqiАват Наһийиси
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese阿瓦提县
Traditional Chinese阿瓦提縣
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinĀwǎtí Xiàn
Wade–GilesA¹-wa³-tʻi² Hsien⁴

Awat County[4][5][6][7] (Uyghur: ئاۋات ناھىيىسى) is a county in Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. Awat County is located on the southern foot of the Tian Shan mountain range and on the northern edge of the Taklamakan Desert.[2]

History

In 1930, Awat County was established.[8]

On January 23, 2013, 474.208 km2 (183.093 sq mi) of territory was transferred from Awat County to Aral city.[8]

In a 2018 report from Radio Free Asia, Awat County was said to have three re-education camps. An RFA listener provided a copy of a "confidentiality agreement" requiring re-education camp detainees to not discuss the workings of the camps and said local residents were instructed to tell members of re-education camp inspection teams visiting No. 2 Re-education Camp, which had transferred thousands detainees and removed barbed wire from the perimeter of the camp walls, that there was only one camp in the county.[7]

During the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China, on February 23, 2020, 114 Uyghur workers from Awat County (Awati) were sent to Jiujiang, Jiangxi to resume work.[9][10]

Administrative divisions

Awat County is made up of seven towns, two townships and one other area:[2][8][11]

Name Simplified Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Uyghur (UEY) Uyghur Latin (ULY) Administrative division code Notes
Towns
Awat Town 阿瓦提镇 Āwǎtí Zhèn ئاۋات بازىرى Awat baziri 652928100
Ghoruchol Town[12] 乌鲁却勒镇 Wūlǔquèlè Zhèn غورۇچۆل بازىرى[13] ghoruchöl baziri 652928101 formerly Ghoruchol Township (乌鲁却勒乡)
Besheriq Town 拜什艾日克镇 Bàishí'àirìkè Zhèn بەشئېرىق بازىرى besh'ëriq baziri 652928102 formerly Besheriq Township (拜什艾日克乡)
Tamtoghraq Town 塔木托格拉克镇 Tǎmùtuōgélākè Zhèn تامتوغراق بازىرى tamtoghraq baziri 652928103 formerly Tamtoghraq Township (تامتوغراق يېزىسى / 塔木托格拉克乡)
Yengierik Town[14][15] 英艾日克镇 Yīng'àirìkè Zhèn يېڭىئېرىق بازىرى yëngi'ëriq baziri 652928104 formerly Yengierik Township (يېڭىئېرىق يېزىسى / 英艾日克乡)
Aybagh Town 阿依巴格镇 Āyībāgé Zhèn ئايباغ بازىرى Aybagh baziri 652928105 formerly Aybagh Township (ئايباغ يېزىسى / 阿依巴格乡)
Sanhe Town 三河镇 Sānhé Zhèn سەنخې بازىرى senxë baziri 652928106 Established on 30 December 2020
Townships
Dolan Township[16] 多浪乡 Duōlàng Xiāng دولان يېزىسى dolan yëzisi 652928203
Baytoghraq Township 巴格托格拉克乡 Bāgétuōgélākè Xiāng بايتوغراق يېزىسى baytoghraq yëzisi 652928204

Other areas:

  • Aksu Prison (Uyghur: ئاقسۇ تۈرمىسى, 阿克苏监狱)

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
2000209,654—    
2010237,562+1.26%
[8]

As of 2015, 217,722 of the 262,842 residents of the county were Uyghur, 42,960 were Han Chinese, 2,160 were from other ethnic groups.[17]

According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 210,000.[citation needed]

As of 1999, 81.59% of the population of Awat (Awati) County was Uyghur and 17.74% of the population was Han Chinese.[18]

Climate

Climate data for Awat, elevation 1,044 m (3,425 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 8.2
(46.8) 		14.6
(58.3) 		27.8
(82.0) 		35.6
(96.1) 		36.2
(97.2) 		38.3
(100.9) 		39.0
(102.2) 		39.2
(102.6) 		34.1
(93.4) 		29.8
(85.6) 		22.1
(71.8) 		10.9
(51.6) 		39.2
(102.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −0.5
(31.1) 		5.9
(42.6) 		15.0
(59.0) 		23.5
(74.3) 		28.0
(82.4) 		31.0
(87.8) 		32.0
(89.6) 		30.8
(87.4) 		27.0
(80.6) 		20.4
(68.7) 		10.5
(50.9) 		1.3
(34.3) 		18.7
(65.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −7.4
(18.7) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		7.7
(45.9) 		15.8
(60.4) 		20.3
(68.5) 		23.2
(73.8) 		24.3
(75.7) 		23.1
(73.6) 		18.5
(65.3) 		10.7
(51.3) 		2.0
(35.6) 		−5.1
(22.8) 		11.0
(51.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −13.1
(8.4) 		−7.3
(18.9) 		1.1
(34.0) 		8.5
(47.3) 		13.1
(55.6) 		16.2
(61.2) 		17.6
(63.7) 		16.6
(61.9) 		11.5
(52.7) 		3.4
(38.1) 		−3.8
(25.2) 		−9.7
(14.5) 		4.5
(40.1)
Record low °C (°F) −26.0
(−14.8) 		−25.0
(−13.0) 		−12.1
(10.2) 		−3.0
(26.6) 		2.2
(36.0) 		7.4
(45.3) 		8.2
(46.8) 		8.0
(46.4) 		3.3
(37.9) 		−5.5
(22.1) 		−14.1
(6.6) 		−21.9
(−7.4) 		−26.0
(−14.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 1.0
(0.04) 		1.7
(0.07) 		1.6
(0.06) 		2.5
(0.10) 		9.1
(0.36) 		16.6
(0.65) 		14.8
(0.58) 		12.6
(0.50) 		9.3
(0.37) 		2.5
(0.10) 		1.0
(0.04) 		1.1
(0.04) 		73.8
(2.91)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 1.7 1.1 0.7 1.3 3.2 6.2 6.7 5.7 3.3 1.3 0.7 1.5 33.4
Average snowy days 5.0 2.4 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.7 4.9 13.5
Average relative humidity (%) 69 60 47 39 42 50 56 59 62 63 66 74 57
Mean monthly sunshine hours 182.9 184.5 206.5 230.1 271.1 297.4 309.1 285.2 261.6 258.2 206.0 168.9 2,861.5
Percent possible sunshine 61 60 55 57 60 66 68 68 71 77 71 59 64
Source: China Meteorological Administration[19][20]

Economy

A developed irrigation system is in place and agricultural products include wheat, rice, corn and cotton. Sheep are the primary livestock in the county. Industries include coal, construction, food processing, leathermaking and carpetmaking.[21]

One quarter of the cotton production in Aksu prefecture comes from the county.[22]

Historical maps

Historical English-language maps including Awat:

  • Map including Awat (1917)
    Map including Awat (1917)
  • Map including Awat (labeled as A-wa-t'i (Abad)) and surrounding region from the International Map of the World (AMS, 1950)[b]
    Map including Awat (labeled as A-wa-t'i (Abad)) and surrounding region from the International Map of the World (AMS, 1950)[b]
  • Map including Awat (DMA, 1981)
    Map including Awat (DMA, 1981)
  • From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Awat (labeled as A-wa-t'i (Awat)) (DMA, 1985)[c]
    From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Awat (labeled as A-wa-t'i (Awat)) (DMA, 1985)[c]

Notes

  1. ^ Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe UTC+6 (Xinjiang Time), 2 hours behind Beijing.
  2. ^ From map: "THE DELINEATION OF INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES ON THIS MAP MUST NOT BE CONSIDERED AUTHORITATIVE"
  3. ^ From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative."

References

  1. ^ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
  2. ^ a b c 阿瓦提县行政区划与人口 [Awat County Administrative Divisions and Population]. ئاۋات 阿瓦提县人民政府. Retrieved 13 May 2020. 县域总面积1.3万平方公里，全县辖5镇3乡4个片区管委会，{...}其中维吾尔族占81.92%，汉族占17.24%，其他少数民族占0.84%。
  3. ^ 1997年阿瓦提县行政区划. XZQH.org (in Simplified Chinese). 9 November 2010. Retrieved 28 February 2020. 面积13258平方千米，人口17.7万，有维吾尔、汉、回等17个民族，其中维吾尔族占81.6%。
  4. ^ Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (2010). 建筑抗震设计规范 [GB50011-2010: Code for Seismic Design of Buildings] (in English and Simplified Chinese). Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press. p. 203 – via Google Books. Awat County
  5. ^ Xiaoxia, ed. (27 October 2019). "In pics: Dolan scenic spot of Awat County, northwest China's Xinjiang". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020. Photo shows Dolan scenic spot of Awat County, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Oct. 26, 2019.
  6. ^ Awat (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  7. ^ a b Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes (12 December 2018). "Xinjiang Authorities 'Preparing' Re-education Camps Ahead of Expected International Monitors". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
  8. ^ a b c d 阿瓦提县历史沿革 [Awat County Historical Development] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 30 January 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2019. 2000年第五次人口普查，阿瓦提县常住总人口209654人，{...}2003年，阿瓦提县总面积13066.72平方千米，{...}2010年第六次人口普查，阿瓦提县常住总人口237562人，其中：阿瓦提镇34142人，乌鲁却勒镇41682人，拜什艾日克镇36982人，阿依巴格乡28730人，塔木托格拉克乡19505人，英艾日克乡31209人，多浪乡8740人，巴格托格拉克乡3717人，天丰种业有限责任公司2374人，新疆华孚恒丰有限责任公司6331人，新疆鲁泰棉业有限责任公司7025人，博斯坦牧场468人，阿克苏监狱3093人，兵团三团13564人，柯坪县44261人，柯坪镇8031人，盖孜力克乡12686人，玉尔其乡11085人，阿恰勒乡7309人，启浪乡5150人。 2013年1月23日，自治区政府（新政函[2013]17号）批复同意将阿瓦提县474.208平方千米区域划归阿拉尔市管辖。
  9. ^ Austin Ramzy (30 March 2020). "Xinjiang Returns to Work, but Coronavirus Worries Linger in China". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 April 2020. No reports have emerged of conditions in the facilities since the outbreak began. But former detainees have previously described poor food and sanitation and little help for those who fell ill.{...}"According to my personal experience in the concentration camp, they never helped anyone or provided any medical support for any kind of disease or health condition," said Ms. Sauytbay, who fled to Kazakhstan two years ago, in a phone interview this month. "If the coronavirus spread inside the camps, they would not help, they would not provide any medical support."{...}Now the region is being jolted back to work. Labor transfer programs, in which large numbers of Uighurs and other predominately Muslim minorities are sent to work in other parts of Xinjiang and the rest of China, have resumed in recent weeks.
  10. ^ Mamatjan Juma; Alim Seytoff; Joshua Lipes (27 February 2020). "Xinjiang Authorities Sending Uyghurs to Work in China's Factories, Despite Coronavirus Risks". Radio Free Asia. Translated by Mamatjan Juma, Alim Seytoff. Retrieved 2 February 2020. Recent reports by the official Xinjiang Daily and Chinanews.com said that from Feb. 22–23, "400 youths were transferred to the provinces of Hunan, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi." Of those, 114 from Awat (in Chinese, Awati) county, in the XUAR's Aksu (Akesu) prefecture, were sent to Jiangxi's Jiujiang city on Feb. 23, 100 from Aksu city were sent to Jiujiang on Feb. 22, and 171 from Hotan (Hetian) prefecture were sent to Changsha city in Hunan province, the reports said, without providing a date for the last transfer.
  11. ^ 2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：阿瓦提县 [2019 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Awat County] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2019. 统计用区划代码 名称 652928100000 阿瓦提镇 652928101000 乌鲁却勒镇 652928102000 拜什艾日克镇 652928103000 塔木托格拉克镇 652928104000 英艾日克镇 652928200000 阿依巴格乡 652928203000 多浪乡 652928204000 巴格托格拉克乡 652928405000 阿克苏监狱
  12. ^ huaxia, ed. (17 September 2020). "Full Text: Employment and Labor Rights in Xinjiang". Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 20 September 2020. Amina Rahman and her husband from a registered poor household in Ghoruchol Town, Awat County, Aksu Prefecture,
  13. ^ غورۇچۆل (Variant Non-Roman Script - VS) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  14. ^ Dillon, Michael (2003). Xinjiang: China's Muslim Far Northwest. Durham East Asia Series. Routledge. p. 121. ISBN 978-1134360963. Yengierik township planning office in Awat county
  15. ^ Yengierik (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  16. ^ Zhong Xingqi 钟兴麒, ed. (July 2008). 西域地名考录 (in Simplified Chinese). Beijing: 国家图书馆出版社. pp. 256–257. ISBN 978-7-5013-3628-9. 多兰 (浪) duō lán Dolan {...} 二、乡名。新疆阿瓦提县多浪乡，位于县城西北。
  17. ^ 3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 (in Simplified Chinese). شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى 新疆维吾尔自治区统计局 Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. 15 March 2017. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
  18. ^ Morris Rossabi, ed. (2004). Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers (PDF). University of Washington Press. p. 179. ISBN 0-295-98390-6.
  19. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  20. ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  21. ^ 夏征农; 陈至立, eds. (September 2009). 辞海：第六版彩图本 [Cihai (Sixth Edition in Color)] (in Chinese). 上海. Shanghai: 上海辞书出版社. Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House. p. 17. ISBN 9787532628599.
  22. ^ Heather Xiaoquan Zhang, ed. (2015). Rural Livelihoods in China: Political economy in transition. Routledge. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-203-75074-2 – via Google Books.
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