Australian two-dollar coin

Two Dollars
Australia
Value2.00 AUD
Mass6.60 g
Diameter20.50 mm
Thickness2.80 mm
Edgeinterrupted milled
20 notches
Composition92% copper, 6% aluminium, 2% nickel
Years of minting1988–present
Obverse
DesignQueen Elizabeth II (1988–2023)
King Charles III (2024–present)
DesignerVarious (1988–2023)
Dan Thorne (2024–present)[1]
Design date2024
Reverse
DesignAn Aboriginal Australian elder (based on Gwoja Tjungurrayi)
DesignerHorst Hahne
Design date1987

The Australian two-dollar coin is the highest-denomination circulating coin of the Australian dollar. It was first issued on 20 June 1988, having been in planning since the mid-1970s. It replaced the Australian two-dollar note due to having a longer circulatory life.[2] The only "mint set only" year was 1991.

$2 coins are legal tender for amounts not exceeding 10 times the face value of the coin for any payment of a debt.[3]

Design

In accordance with all other Australian coins, the obverse features the portrait of the reigning monarch, who during the lifetime of the coin has primarily been Queen Elizabeth II. From 1988 to 1998 the portrait of her was by Raphael Maklouf before being replaced in the following year by one sculpted by Ian Rank-Broadley.[4] Since 2019, the effigy of Elizabeth II by artist Jody Clark has been released into circulation. In 2024, following the death of Queen Elizabeth II in 2022, coins with a new obverse featuring the portrait of King Charles III entered general circulation.[5]

Designed by Horst Hahne, the reverse depicts what is meant to be an archetype of an Aboriginal elder.[6] The drawing was based on Ainslie Roberts' drawing of Gwoya Tjungurrayi, also known as "One Pound Jimmy", a Warlpiri-Anmatyerre man of the Northern Territory of Australia.[7][2] Tjungarrayi was one of the few survivors of one of the last recognised massacres of Aboriginal people by the British – the 1928 Coniston massacre in what was then the territory of Central Australia.[6][8] The design also incorporates the Southern Cross and native grasstrees.

Coins produced in 1988 and 1989 bear the initials of its designer, Horst Hahne, but they were removed from the design from 1990 onwards.[2]

All two-dollar coins have been struck at the Royal Australian Mint in Canberra. 160.9 million coins were minted in the first year of issue. It has been issued in all years since except 1991,[2] with an average mintage of 22 million coins per annum from 1989 to 2008.

The 2012 Remembrance reverse $2 coin.

In 2012, the Australian mint released the first ever different designed two-dollar coin. It features a poppy flower, with the words Lest we Forget and Remembrance Day in the background of the coin. There had been no commemorative designs for this issue, until the 2012 Remembrance coin was minted. Along with the 2012 Remembrance coin was a coin with the same text and image but the centre poppy was red with a black centre. It was therefore the first coloured circulating coin in Australia.

On 21 June 2013, a third commemorative two-dollar coin was launched by the Royal Australian Mint. This coin, commemorating the 60th anniversary of the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, featured a purple circle bordering St Edward's Crown.[9]

As a part of the 100 years of Anzac Day a coin programme launched by the Royal Australian Mint, two separate coloured coins were released. The first was released in 2014, it featured two green circles in the middle of the coin and a dove in the centre. The word Remembrance was stretched across the top of the coin. In 2015, the fourth circulating coloured coin in Australia was released. It includes red stripes much like the 2013 Queen Coronation coin. It also features five crosses amongst poppies and the words Lest we Forget in the centre. A fifth coin was also released in 2015. It is sunset orange and it features a sun in the centre with birds and the Flanders Field poem in the background.

In 2016 a commemorative coin was issued for the Rio Olympic Games. Five Coins were issued for circulation via Woolworths and were made available in packs of the 5 coins on 27 July 2016. A Paralympic Games coin was issued on 22 August 2016.[10]

The size of the $2 coin was decided after much consideration of the most appropriate size and thickness, as well as security considerations (that could not be imitated by previously-existing coins such as the 5¢).[11] However, with an uninterrupted milling on the 5-cent, and the 2 dollars having 5 grooves in 4 lots separated by 7 mm length of the side, identification is easy. It has the same size and milling as the 10 Swedish kronor.

Its smaller size in comparison to the $1 coin can lead to confusion for visitors from outside Australia.

Minting figures

The coin has only been struck at the Royal Australian Mint in Canberra, the nation's capital. The only year without production was 1991 (due to the large number issued for the coin's introduction in 1988).[2]

Year Mintage
1988* 160,900,000
1989* 31,600,000
1990 10,300,000
1991 –
1992 15,500,000
1993 4,900,000
1994 22,100,000
1995 15,500,000
1996 13,900,000
1997 19,000,000
1998 8,700,000
1999 27,300,000
2000 5,700,000
2001 35,600,000
2002 29,700,000
2003 13,700,000
2004 20,000,000
2005 45,500,000
2006 40,500,000
2007 26,000,000
2008 47,000,000
2009 74,500,000
2010 36,500,000
2011 1,800,000
2012 5,900,000
2013 35,100,000
2014 39,900,000
2015 22,000,000
2016 12,900,000
2017 16,400,000
2018 14,600,000
2019 IRB 9,000,000

JC 2,000,000

"*" denotes that coins were minted with the designer's initials
References: [2]

Commemorative coins

Main article: Commemorative coins of Australia
Year Subject Colours/Features Mintage
2012 Poppy None 5,800,000
Red 500,000
2012 Commemorating Remembrance Day with an image of a red poppy. Designed by Aaron Baggio. .5 million
2013 60th Anniversary of Queen's Coronation Purple 1,000,000
2014 Remembrance Day Green 1,850,000
2015 100 Years of ANZACs Red 1,460,000
In Flanders Field Orange 2,150,000
2016 50 Years of Decimal Currency Pre-decimal Crown on obverse 2,880,000
2016 Rio Olympics** Blue 2,000,000
Black
Red
Yellow
Green
2016 Rio Paralympics** Green/Yellow/Red/Blue
2017 Lest We Forget Blue/Green/Yellow 3,900,000
Possum Magic** Pink/Purple/Orange/Blue N/A
Red/Orange/Purple/Yellow/Blue
Blue/Navy/Pink/Orange/Green
Remembrance Green/Purple rosemary. 2,100,000
2018 2018 Commonwealth Games** Red TBA
Green
Blue
Eternal Flame Blue/Orange 3,400,000*
2018 Invictus Games None TBA
2018 100th Anniversary of the Armistice of 11 November 1918 Red 1,700,000
2019 Mr. Squiggle** Turquoise/Yellow/Red TBA
Yellow/Orange/Green
Pink/Orange/Green
Blue/Black/White
30th Anniversary of National Police Remembrance Day Blue/White
Wallabies – 2019 Rugby World Cup** Green/Gold
2020 ICC Women's T20 World Cup** Yellow/Blue/Purple TBA
2020 Tokyo Olympics** Blue cherry blossoms
Black cherry blossoms
Red cherry blossoms
Yellow cherry blossoms
Green cherry blossoms
2020 Tokyo Paralympics** Green/Yellow
"*" denotes partial numbers – total production to be confirmed
"**" denotes release through Woolworths Supermarkets
References: [2][10][12][13]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Heads or Tails". Australian Government Royal Australian Mint. 8 January 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Two Dollars". Royal Australian Mint. Australian Government. 8 January 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
  3. ^ "RBA Banknotes: Legal Tender". Reserve Bank of Australia. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
  4. ^ "Heads or Tails". Royal Australian Mint. 8 January 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
  5. ^ "King Charles III features on rolled coins". Royal Australian Mint. 20 February 2024. Retrieved 15 October 2024.
  6. ^ a b "Frequently Asked Questions". Royal Australian Mint. 5 January 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  7. ^ Ian W. Pitt, ed. (2000). Renniks Australian Coin and Banknote Values (19th ed.). Chippendale, NSW: Renniks Publications. ISBN 978-0-9585574-4-3.
  8. ^ Knowles, Rachael (5 April 2023). "The remarkable life of the Warlpiri-Anmatyerre man on the $2 coin". NITV. SBS. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  9. ^ "Governor-General launches Australia's first purple striped coin". Royal Australian Mint. 21 June 2013. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  10. ^ a b "Woolworths shoppers win gold with exclusive Olympic coin launch" (Media release). Royal Australian Mint. Australian Government. 19 July 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
  11. ^ "About our coins" (PDF). Royal Australian Mint. p. 3. Retrieved 14 December 2024.
  12. ^ Jacka, Monty (13 February 2019). "He's Mr Squiggle, he's back and on a coin near you". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 8 March 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  13. ^ "Mr Squiggle & Friends 2019 Coin Collection". Woolworths. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
Preceded by Two Dollars (Australian)
1988–present 		Succeeded by
Present