Audie Murphy honors and awards

This article is about the military and civilian honors of Audie Murphy. For details on his life and military career, see Audie Murphy.

Murphy wearing the U.S. Army khaki "Class A" (tropical service) uniform with full-size medals, 1948
Murphy's award for the Chevalier of the Legion of Honor

Audie Murphy (20 June 1925 – 28 May 1971) was one of the most decorated United States Army combat soldiers of World War II, serving from 1942 to 1945. He received every American combat award for valor available at the time of his service,[ALM 1] including the Medal of Honor. He also received recognitions from France and Belgium. With his 1945 military discharge at the end of the war, Murphy became an advocate of treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans.[3] The Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital in San Antonio and the Sergeant Audie Murphy Clubs (SAMC) on military bases honor his contributions. He joined the Texas National Guard in 1950, transferring to reserve status in 1956 and remaining in the Guard until 1969. He also had a civilian career as a film actor and songwriter. Recognitions he received both during his lifetime and posthumously are listed below.

Murphy participated in campaigns in North Africa, Sicily, Italy, France and Germany, as denoted by his European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with one silver battle star (denoting five campaigns), four bronze battle stars, plus a bronze arrowhead representing his two amphibious assault landings at Sicily and southern France.[4] On 25 February 1945 and 3 March 1945, he received two Silver Stars for further heroic actions.[5] The French government awarded Murphy its Chevalier of the Legion of Honor[6] and two Croix de guerre medals.[7][8] He received the Croix de guerre 1940 Palm from Belgium.[8] The military assisted him with replacement medals after he gave away the originals.[ALM 2] Duplicates of his Medal of Honor and other medals can be viewed at Dallas Scottish Rite Temple museum.

U.S. medals, awards, decorations and badges

U.S. military personal decorations

U.S. military personal decorations
Image Decoration Notes Refs.
Medal of Honor For action on 26 January 1945, War Department, General Orders No. 65, 9 August 1945. [ALM 3]
Distinguished Service Cross For action on 15 August 1944, Headquarters, Seventh U.S. Army, General Orders No. 21 (1945). [ALM 4]
Bronze oak leaf cluster
 Silver Star with bronze oak leaf cluster (two awards) First award for action on 2 October 1944, Headquarters, 3d Infantry Division, General Orders No. 66 (25 February 1945). Second award for action on 5 October 1944, Headquarters, 3d Infantry Division, General Orders No. 83 (3 March 1945). [16]
Legion of Merit For action on 22 January 1944 – 18 February 1945, Headquarters, European Theater of Operations, General Orders No. 100 (25 May 1945). [17]
V
Bronze oak leaf cluster
 Bronze Star with "V" Device and bronze oak leaf cluster (two awards) First award with "V" Device for action on 2 March 1944, Headquarters, 3d Infantry Division, General Orders No. 84 (4 March 1945). Second award for action on 8 May 1944. [18]
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
 Purple Heart with two bronze oak leaf clusters (three awards) For wounds received 15 September 1944, 26 October 1944, and 25 January 1945. [19]

U.S. military unit awards

U.S. military unit awards
Image Award Notes Refs.
Bronze oak leaf cluster
 Presidential Unit Citation with First Oak Leaf Cluster (two awards) First award with 1st Battalion, 15th Infantry Regiment for action 27–29 August 1944. Second award with the 3rd Infantry Division for action at the Colmar Pocket, 22 January – 6 February 1945. [20]

U.S. non-military personal decorations

U.S. non-military personal decorations
Image Medal Notes Refs.
Army Outstanding Civilian Service Medal United States Army public service award established January 1959. It was awarded to Murphy in 1961 for his technical assistance on the Army's documentary The Broken Bridge. [ALM 5]

U.S. military service and campaign medals

Service and campaign medals
Image Medal Notes Refs.
Good Conduct Medal Murphy attested at Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, on 21 August 1945 that he had never received the Good Conduct Medal. He was awarded the medal the same day by Lieutenant Colonel H. Miller Ainsworth. [23]
American Campaign Medal For Murphy's service in the American Theater of World War II. [23]
Arrowhead
Silver star
Bronze star
Bronze star
Bronze star
Bronze star
 European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with one silver star (counts as 5 medals), four bronze stars, and one bronze arrowhead device For Murphy's service in the European Theater of World War II in nine campaigns. [23]
World War II Victory Medal Awarded for military service between 7 December 1941, and 31 December 1946, both dates inclusive, the medal was authorized by Public Law 135, 79th United States Congress. [23]
Army of Occupation Medal with Germany Clasp For service in the occupation of Germany after the war. [23]
Armed Forces Reserve Medal For his service in the U.S. Army Officers' Reserve Corps and in the Texas National Guard. The medal was created by Executive Order 10163, signed by President Harry Truman on 25 September 1950. It is awarded for ten years service in the reserve components of the United States Armed Forces. [23]

Badges

U.S. Army badges
Image Badge Notes Refs.
Combat Infantryman Badge Special Order No. 39, dated 8 May 1944, sixty-one officers and enlisted men of Company B, 15th Infantry were awarded the badge. [4]
Marksman Badge with Rifle Component Bar Earned during basic Army training. [24]
Expert Badge with Bayonet Component Bar Earned during basic Army training. [24]

Non-U.S. military personal decorations, unit awards and service medals

Non-U.S. military service medals, awards and decorations
Image Medal/award/decoration Notes Refs.
French Legion of Honor – Grade of Chevalier (Knight) Decoration presented by General de Lattre de Tassigny in Paris on 19 July 1948. [6]
Silver star
 French Croix de Guerre with Silver Star Decoration approved by the French government on 16 April 1945. Presented 19 September 1945 in Dallas by Brigadier General W. E. Collier, Chief of Staff for the 8th Service Command. [ALM 6]
French Croix de Guerre with Palm Decoration presented in France on 19 July 1948. [6][8]
Medal of a liberated France Authorized by France 1947. [23]
Belgian Croix de Guerre with 1940 Palm Decoration conferred by Royal Order 4282 on 10 December 1955. The award and documentation were forwarded to the State Department to be held until the United States Congress authorized the acceptance and wearing of it. Murphy was notified by the Army on 14 March 1968, that he was allowed to accept the award. [8]
French Fourragère in Colors of the Croix de Guerre Award authorized to be worn by all members of the 3rd Infantry Division who fought in France during World War II. [25]

U.S. State defense forces

U.S. State defense forces medals
Image Medal Notes Refs.
width=106 Texas Legislative Medal of Honor HCR3 introduced 20 July 2013, Signed by Gov Rick Perry 19 August 2013. [ALM 7]

Service ranks

Audie Murphy promotions and commissions
Image Rank Service Branch Date of promotion Refs.
Private U.S. Army 30 June 1942 [30]
Private First Class U.S. Army 7 May 1943 [31]
Corporal U.S. Army 15 July 1943 [32]
Sergeant U.S. Army 13 December 1943 [33]
Staff Sergeant U.S. Army 13 January 1944 [30]
Second Lieutenant U.S. Army 14 October 1944 [34]
First Lieutenant U.S. Army 16 February 1945 [35]
First Lieutenant U.S. Army Reserve 21 August 1945 [33]
Captain Texas National Guard 14 July 1950 [33]
Captain U.S. National Guard 19 October 1950 [33]
Major Texas National Guard 14 February 1956 [36]
Major U.S. National Guard 14 February 1956 [33]
Major U.S. Army Reserve 8 November 1966 [33]
Major U.S. Army Retired Reserve 22 May 1969 [33]

Other honors

Sergeant Audie Murphy Club

U.S. Soldiers reenactment of Audie Murphy military biography, SAMC, Fort Gordon, Ga., 12 Dec 2009

In September 1986, the Command Sergeant Major George L. Horvath III, III Corps Commander Lieutenant General Crosbie E. Saint and several others established the Sergeant Audie Murphy Club at Fort Hood, Texas.[37] The official club crest was designed by club co-founder Don Moore.[38] Since 1994, other units of the U.S. Army have established chapters of the Sergeant Audie Murphy Club (SAMC) as exclusive clubs to honor noncommissioned officers (Corporal E-4 through Sergeant First Class E-7) who have acted in a manner consistent with the actions of Audie Murphy. In 2012 a bronze bust created by Mark and Jenelle Byrd for display in the Sgt. Audie Murphy Club Room in Snow Hall was unveiled at Fort Sill, Oklahoma .[39]

U.S. government, military and veterans organizations

Texas (non-military)

  • 1948 – Audie Murphy Arena, near Euless, Texas, was dedicated as a venue for the yearly Audie Murphy Rodeo. In 1952 the Rodeo moved to Stephenville, Texas, where it closed during the mid-1950s.[49]
  • 12 February 1949 – Murphy made an honorary Texas A&M University cadet colonel.[50]
  • 2 July 1949 – Murphy made an honorary Texas Ranger and chosen to lead the Texas Ranger Day parade in Brooks County.[51]
  • 1951 – Artist Kipp Soldwedel commissioned to paint Murphy's portrait, now owned by the State of Texas and hung in various locations in the Texas State Capitol.[52]
  • 1962 – Dallas artist Dmitri Vail commissioned to paint Murphy's portrait, believed to be owned by Murphy's family.[52]
  • 1973 – Texas State Historical Marker 7820 installed in Celeste, denoting Murphy's one-time residency.[53]
  • 1973 – Texas State Historical Marker 7821 installed in Kingston, denoting Murphy's birthplace.[54]
  • 1975 – Post Office, Greenville, Texas State Historical Marker 7799 denoted it as the site of Murphy's military enlistment; the building and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hunt County, Texas, in 1974 .[ALM 8]
  • 20 June 1996 – Texas Legislature officially declared his birthdate as "Audie Murphy Day".[57]
  • 1999, Memorial Day – Pink granite obelisk at Texas State Cemetery dedicated listing the names of all Texas-born Medal of Honor recipients, including Murphy.[58]
  • 22 June 2002 – Audie Murphy American Cotton Museum, Greenville, 10-foot (3.0 m) 2,200 pounds (1,000 kg) hollow bronze statue of Murphy sculpted by Gordon Thomas.[ALM 9]
  • 2008 – Texas State Historical Marker 15321, Farmersville, denotes Murphy's post-war homecoming.[63]
  • 2010 – Audie Murphy Middle School established in Alamo.[64]

Other U.S. states

  • 1971 – Audie Murphy Patriotism Award. When Murphy's death on 28 May 1971, aborted his scheduled appearance at that year's 4 July Spirit of America Festival in Decatur, Alabama, the festival created the annual award in his memory.[65]
  • 11 November 1972 – Patriotic Hall. Los Angeles, California, 21.75 inches (0.552 m) by 31.75 inches (0.806 m) commemorative plaque listing medals won by Murphy during World War II.[66]
  • 10 November 1974 – Mounted plaque erected at Brush Mountain, Virginia, by Veterans of Foreign Wars Post 5311 of Christiansburg, Virginia, to commemorate the site of Murphy's death.[67]

Non-United States

  • 17 July 1948 – In Paris, Murphy made an honorary member in the 159th French Alpine Regiment.[68]
  • 14 October 1991 – Sierra Leone issued a postage stamp, Le 2 value, honors Murphy in To Hell and Back (Scott No. 1409).[69]
  • 18 October 1993 – Guyana issued a postage stamp of Murphy in uniform as part of a nine-stamp sheet in tribute to "World War II on the Silver Screen".[69]
  • 20 July 1995 – Nevis Island issued an eight-stamp souvenir sheet with Murphy in the top row.[69]
  • 29 January 2000 – Holtzwihr artist Patrick Baumann designed a commemorative plaque depicting Murphy on a tank destroyer, affixed to a wall at the site of the Medal of Honor action.[70][71]
  • 2001 – Republic of Palau Murphy commemorative stamp part of a four-stamp sheet "Remembering VJ Day".[69]
  • 9 June 2013 – Second free-standing commemorative plaque depicting Murphy firing the .50 caliber machine gun atop the tank unveiled at Holtzwihr by local authorities, the U.S. Consul General in Strasbourg, and representatives from American social organizations based in the Alsace region.[72]

Entertainment industry

Freemasonry

In November 2000, Murphy was posthumously awarded the Scottish Rite Masonry 33rd Degree in Long Beach, California, presented to his widow Pamela.[80] From 1955 until his death, Murphy was a member of numerous Scottish Rite lodges in California and Texas. The Murat Shriners of Indianapolis, Indiana, provided the below timeline of Murphy's degrees and lodge associations.[ALM 10]

  • 1955
14 February – Entered Apprentice degree, North Hollywood Lodge No. 542
4 April – Fellowcraft degree
27 June – Master Mason degree
  • 1956 – Second North Hollywood membership, Magnolia Park No. 618
  • 1957
11–14 November – degree work and 32nd degree Scottish Rite Temple in Dallas
Thomas B. Hunter Memorial Class vice president
15 November – Hella Temple, Dallas shriner
  • 1965
14 November – Master of the Royal Secret, Valley of Dallas, Orient of Texas
11–1 December, 965 Knight Commander of the Court of Honor KCCH
  • 1971
19 March – Al Malaikah Temple in Los Angeles
2 April – Long Beach Scottish Rite Bodies

Books

  • Murphy, Audie (2002) [1949]. To Hell and Back. New York: Henry Holt and Co. ISBN 978-0-8050-7086-6.

Notes

Footnotes

  1. ^ Murphy's war service was combat-related. Therefore, he did not receive the non-combat Soldier's Medal. Act of Congress (Public Law 446–69th Congress, 2 July 1926 (44 Stat. 780)) established the Soldier's Medal for heroism "as defined in 10 USC 101(d), at the time of the heroic act who distinguished himself or herself by heroism not involving actual combat with the enemy."[1] At the end of his World War II service, Murphy became known as America's most decorated soldier.[2]
  2. ^ During a 1955 appearance on the Colgate Comedy Hour, uploaded on YouTube as Audie Murphy Attends Beverly Hilton Grand Opening 1955, Murphy appears at 28:48 and briefly talks with Hedda Hopper about how he once gave his medals away but had them replaced by the U.S. Army.[9]
  3. ^ Recommended by Lt. Colonel Hallet D. Edson and Brigadier General R.B. Lovett.[10][11][12]
  4. ^ Eye witness account given by Staff Sergeant Norman Hollen.[13][14][15]
  5. ^ Murphy received no monetary compensation for his services on the documentary.[21][22]
  6. ^ Not available for presentation until months after approval by the government of France.[7][25]
  7. ^ Army regulations dictate that U.S. state level awards follow all U.S. federal level and non-United States awards in order of precedence.[26][27][28] The actual award was presented by Governor Rick Perry to Murphy's family on 29 October 2013, at a ceremony in Farmersville, Texas.[29]
  8. ^ Conflicting information exists as to Murphy's date and place of enlistment. The Audie L. Murphy Memorial website has scanned documents from the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration that include Corinne Burns' statement and Murphy's "Induction Record", which shows him "Enlisted at Dallas, Texas" on 30 June 1942, and the line above it says "Accepted for service at Greenville, Texas". The National Register of Historic Places Listing added the Greenville post office as historic site number 74002081 in 1974, citing it as Murphy's place of enlistment, possibly referring to the act the military termed "Accepted for service". The NRHP also shows his enlistment date as 20 June 1942 which might be the date he was accepted for service.[30][55][56]
  9. ^ [59] In 1998, seven portraits were created by St. Louis, Missouri, artist Richard Krause and later donated to the Audie Murphy Research Foundation. The portraits are now on display at the museum.[60][61] In 2012, the museum became the repository of memorabilia which had been on display at the Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans Hospital in San Antonio.[62]
  10. ^ Murat Shriners of Indianapolis, Indiana, credits their information sources as the Grand Lodge of Texas and the book Audie Murphy, American Soldier by Harold Simpson.[81]

Citations

  1. ^ U.S. Army Regulation 600-8-22 (23 June 2013). "Military Awards" (PDF). Department of the Army Administrative Publications. p. Chapter 2 II 3–14. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ "Life Visits Audie Murphy". Life. 16 July 1945. pp. 94–97. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  3. ^ Rosen 2012, pp. 149–151.
  4. ^ a b Simpson 1975, p. 102.
  5. ^ Hackworth & England 2003, p. 37.
  6. ^ a b c Dept. of Defense (19 July 1948). Award of the "Au Grade De Chevalier" for Murphy's exceptional services rendered during operations to liberate France., 07/19/1948. File Unit: Official Military Personnel File of Audie Murphy, 1942–1945. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration ARC Identifier 299781. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  7. ^ a b Dept. of Defense (16 April 1945). De La Croix De Guerre Award for Murphy's services rendered during operations to liberate France. File Unit: Official Military Personnel File of Audie Murphy, 1942–1945. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration ARC Identifier 299782. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  8. ^ a b c d Simpson 1975, p. 410.
  9. ^ Larkins & Magers 2004, pp. 1–4.
  10. ^ U.S. Army Center of Military History. "World War II Medal of Honor Recipients M-S". United States Army. Archived from the original on 25 September 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  11. ^ Edson, Lt. Colonel Hallet D.. (17 February 1945). Recommendation from Lt. Colonel Hallet D. Edson, 15th Infantry, to Award of Medal of Honor to Lieutenant Audie L. Murphy. File Unit: Official Military Personnel File of Audie Murphy, 1942–1945. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration ARC Identifier 299777. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  12. ^ Lovett, Brigadier General R.B.. (12 April 1945). Recommendation from Brigadier General R.B. Lovett, to Lieutenant General A.M. Patch, for Audie L. Murphy to be awarded the Medal of Honor and General Patch's approval. File Unit: Official Military Personnel File of Audie Murphy, 1942–1945. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration ARC Identifier 299783. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  13. ^ Hollen, Staff Sergeant Norman (December 1944). Statement describing Murphy's August 15, 1944 actions near Ramatuelle, France. File Unit: Official Military Personnel File of Audie Murphy, 1942–1945. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration ARC Identifier 299779. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  14. ^ Fisch, Hogan & Wright 2006.
  15. ^ Brinkley 2004, p. 191.
  16. ^ Simpson 1975, pp. 131–135.
  17. ^ Simpson 1975, pp. 175–176.
  18. ^ Simpson 1975, pp. 102, 105.
  19. ^ Simpson 1975, pp. 128, 137, 153.
  20. ^ Simpson 1975, pp. 124, 164.
  21. ^ Dept. of Defense (1974). Broken Bridge. Series: Motion Picture Films from "The Big Picture" Television Program Series, 1860–1985. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration ARC Identifier 2569746. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  22. ^ Simpson 1975, p. 411.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g Tanber, George G. (5 May 2005). "Who Had More Medals? Depends on Who's Counting". Toledo Blade. p. 3. Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  24. ^ a b Simpson 1975, p. 49.
  25. ^ a b Simpson 1975, p. 442.
  26. ^ Texas Legislature. "Bill HCR3 Legislative Medal of Honor". State of Texas. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  27. ^ Slinkard, Caleb (21 August 2013). "Murphy finally gets medal". Herald Banner. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  28. ^ U.S. Army Regulation 670-1. "Wear and Appearance of Army Uniforms and Insignia" (PDF). Department of the Army Administrative Publications. pp. 29–6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  29. ^ "Gov. Perry Awards Audie Murphy Texas Legislative Medal of Honor". Press Release. Office of Governor Rick Perry. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
  30. ^ a b c "Scan of Audie Murphy's Service Record book" (PDF). Audie L. Murphy Memorial Website. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  31. ^ Graham 1989, p. 37.
  32. ^ Graham 1989, p. 39.
  33. ^ a b c d e f g "Scan of Service Documents July 1953 – June 1971 from National Archives" (PDF). Audie Murphy Memorial Website. pp. 3, 7, 27, 102, 105, 137, 167. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
  34. ^ Fisch, Hogan & Wright 2006, p. 333.
  35. ^ Graham 1989, p. 95.
  36. ^ Tate 2006, p. 158.
  37. ^ "The History of the Sergeant Audie Murphy Club". United States Army Fort Hood. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  38. ^ "The History of the Sergeant Audie Murphy Club". United States Army Fort Gordon. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  39. ^ Myers, Corynn. "Sgt. Audie Murphy bust dedicated at Fort Sill". United States Army. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  40. ^ "Audie Murphy Athletic Performance Center – Fort Benning DFMWR". Fort Benning Directorate of Family and Morale, Welfare and Recreation. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  41. ^ "VA Hospital Dedicated". Post Isabel, Texas: Port Isabel Press. 22 November 1973. Archived from the original on 15 March 2017. Retrieved 14 March 2017 – via Newspaperarchives.com.; "Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital". U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
  42. ^ a b Little 1996, pp. 71, 384.
  43. ^ Hall, Honorable Ralph M. (1996). "In Memory of Major Audie L. Murphy, Thursday, May 30, 1996". Congressional Record 104th Congress (1995–1996). U.S.Government Printing Office. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  44. ^ "Publication 528, Veterans and the Military on Stamps". United States Postal Service. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  45. ^ "Photographs, user-generated reproduction of 2001 letter to Terry Murphy from U.S. Army Colonel Barry J. Fowler, 3rd Infantry Division in Bosnia, accompanying user-generated explanatory text". Audie L. Murphy Memorial Website. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  46. ^ "Audie Murphy plaque". Mt. Soledad Veterans Memorial Association Inc. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  47. ^ Chandler, Natalie (10 July 2012). "American Legion Post 336 signs 500th and counting – San Antonio Express-News". Mysanantonio.com. Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  48. ^ "Audie Murphy award". American Veterans Center. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  49. ^ Simpson 1975, p. 319.
  50. ^ Adams 2001, p. 179.
  51. ^ Davis & Parsons 2011, p. 118.
  52. ^ a b Simpson 1975, p. 412.
  53. ^ "Celeste, Texas". Texas Historical Commission. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  54. ^ "Birthplace of Audie Murphy". Texas Historical Commission. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  55. ^ "NRHP Greenville Post Office". Texas Historical Commission. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  56. ^ "The Old Greenville Post Office". Texas Historical Commission. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  57. ^ Simpson, Harold B. "Audie Leon Murphy". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  58. ^ "Texas State Cemetery Medal of Honor monument". State of Texas. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  59. ^ "Audie L. Murphy Memorial Hunt County Veterans Exhibit". Audie Murphy Cotton Museum. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  60. ^ Graham 1989, pp. 216.
  61. ^ "Photographs of Audie Murphy portraits with user-generated explanatory text". Audie L. Murphy Memorial Website. Archived from the original on 2 December 1998. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  62. ^ "A Place of Honor – Handle with Care". U.S. Dept. of Veterans Affairs. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  63. ^ "Audie Murphy's Homecoming, June 15, 1945". Texas Historical Commission. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  64. ^ "Audie Murphy Middle School, Alamo, Tx". Pharr-San Juan-Alamo ISD. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  65. ^ "Audie Murphy Patriotism Award". Spirit of America Festival. Archived from the original on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  66. ^ "Photograph of Los Angeles County Supervisor Kenneth Hahn, Pamela Archer Murphy, and the plaque, user-generated reproduction of plaque text, user-generated reproduction of Los Angeles Times text". Audie L. Murphy Memorial Website. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  67. ^ *"Audie Murphy Crash Site Marker 58308". Historical Marker Database. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  68. ^ "Scanned original of 2003 letter from the Ministere de la Defense in France, to Stan Smith of Project Audie Murphy" (PDF). Audie L. Murphy Memorial Website. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  69. ^ a b c d "Scans of Foreign Stamps of Audie Murphy with user-generated explanatory text". Audie L. Murphy Memorial Website. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  70. ^ "Holtzwihr Memorial to Audie Murphy, photographs, user-generated explanatory text". Audie L. Murphy Memorial Website. Archived from the original on 11 February 2001. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  71. ^ Hundley 2011, pp. 117–125.
  72. ^ Furderer, Robert. "En mémoire d'Audie Murphy, libérateur et acteur". L'Alsace.fr. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  73. ^ "Audie Murphy Marker, Kanab Utah Walk of Fame Marker 41209". Historical Marker Database. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  74. ^ "Nominee for Ride a Crooked Trail". Laurel Awards. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  75. ^ "Inducted to the Walk of Fame on February 8, 1960 with 1 star". Hollywood Walk of Fame. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  76. ^ "3rd annual awards". Golden Boot. 1985. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  77. ^ Tate 2006, pp. 152–163.
  78. ^ "Join In and Win! Tune Into the American Veteran Awards on The History Channel". PRNewswire. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  79. ^ "Santa Clarita Walk of Fame Guide" (PDF). City of Santa Clarita. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  80. ^ "Widow Of Audie Murphy Attends Ladies Night Dinner". 33 Degree Current Interest. Archived from the original on 23 August 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
  81. ^ "Audie Murphy biography". Murat Shrine. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.

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Electoral district of Stanley Boroughs

Electoral district in Australia Stanley BoroughsNew South Wales—Legislative AssemblyStateNew South WalesCreated1856Abolished1859NamesakeCounty of Stanley Stanley Boroughs was an electoral district for the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales created in 1856 election, named after the County of Stanley (part of Queensland after 1859) and including the towns of North Brisbane, South Brisbane, Kangaroo Point and Ipswich. The surrounding rural parts of the County of St...

Biara Bunda dari Lluc

Biara Bunda dari LlucBiara Klerus Sekuler Bunda Maria dari LlucSpanyol: Monasterio de Santa MaríaBiara Bunda dari LlucLokasiTempat Ziarah Lluc, EscorcaNegara SpanyolDenominasiGereja Katolik RomaArsitekturStatusBiaraStatus fungsionalAktifAdministrasiKeuskupanKeuskupan Mallorca Biara Bunda dari Lluc yang bernama lengkap resmi Biara Klerus Sekuler Santa Maria dari Lluc (Spanyol: Monasterio de Santa María)[1] adalah sebuah kompleks biara yang terletak dalam kompleks Tempat ...

 

Raymond Butt

British schoolteacher Raymond ButtFRASBorn(1941-02-26)26 February 1941Colchester, Essex, EnglandDied23 March 2018(2018-03-23) (aged 77)EducationThe King's School, PeterboroughAlma materUniversity of EdinburghOccupationTeacherKnown forPublished a directory of every railway station in Britain Raymond Venimore Jack Butt FRAS (26 February 1941 – 23 March 2018) was a British schoolteacher and fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society. An accomplished rower and coach, he twice won t...

 

À l'heure où je me couche

2015 single by Casseurs FlowtersÀ l'heure où je me coucheSingle by Casseurs Flowtersfrom the album Comment c'est loin: L'album du film Released29 October 2015 (2015-10-29)Recorded2015Genre French hip hop pop-rap Length 3:37 3:40 (album version) Label 3e Bureau 7th Magnitude Wagram Songwriter(s) Aurélien Cotentin Guillaume Tranchant[1] Producer(s)SkreadCasseurs Flowters singles chronology Les portes du pénitencier (2014) À l'heure où je me couche (2015) Orelsan...

哈萨克斯坦总统

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言，清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日（哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統） 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

 

Ahold Delhaize

Koninklijke Ahold Delhaize N.V.Kantor pusat Ahold Delhaize di Zaandam, BelandaJenisPerseroan terbatasKode emitenEuronext: ADIndustriRitelPendahuluAholdDelhaize GroupDidirikan24 Juli 2016; 7 tahun lalu (2016-07-24)KantorpusatZaandam, BelandaTokohkunciFrans Muller (Presiden dan CEO)Kevin Holt (CEO Ahold Delhaize USA)Wouter Kolk (CEO di Belanda dan Belgia)Jeff Carr (CFO)Pendapatan €62,3 milyarSitus webwww.aholddelhaize.com  Koninklijke Ahold Delhaize N.V., lebih dikenal sebagai ...

 

Mwave

For the sporting arena, see M-Wave. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Mwave – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) MwaveDesignerInternational Business Machines Corporation (IBM)Bits16-bitIntroducedNovember 1992 (1992-11) ...

Asam metaborat

Asam metaborat Nama Nama IUPAC Asam oksoborat Nama lain Asam metaborat Penanda Nomor CAS 13460-51-0 3DMet {{{3DMet}}} ChemSpider 22900 Y Nomor EC Referensi Gmelin 121829 PubChem CID 24492 Nomor RTECS {{{value}}} CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID6065478 InChI InChI=1S/BHO2/c2-1-3/h2H YKey: VGTPKLINSHNZRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y Sifat Rumus kimia B3H3O6 Massa molar 131,45 g·mol−1 Penampilan padat putih Densitas 1.784 g cm−3 Titik lebur 176 °C (349 °F;...

 

2017 in the United States

USA-related events during the year of 2017 ← 2016 2015 2014 2017 in the United States → 2018 2019 2020 Decades: 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s 2030s See also: History of the United States (2008–present) Timeline of United States history (2010–present) List of years in the United States 2017 in the United States2017 in U.S. states and territories States Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Ke...

 

AMD K6

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: AMD K6 – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR artikel ini perlu dirapikan agar memenuhi standar Wikipedia. Tidak ada alasan yang diberikan. Silakan kembangkan artikel ini semampu Anda. Merap...

奥林匹克运动会乒乓球奖牌得主列表

主条目：夏季奥林匹克运动会乒乓球比赛 乒乓球是夏季奥林匹克运动会比赛项目，在国际乒乓球联合会制定的规则下进行[1]。它首次进入奥运会是在韩国汉城举行的1988年夏季奥林匹克运动会上，起初设男女单打、男女双打项目[2]。后来双打项目在2008年夏季奥林匹克运动会上被取消，取而代之的是团体项目[3]。2010年，国际乒联对奥运乒乓球比赛进行“瘦身...

 

Willow

Salix, genus of trees For other uses, see Willow (disambiguation). Willow tree and Salix redirect here. For other uses, see Willow Tree (disambiguation) and Salix (disambiguation). WillowTemporal range: Eocene–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Salix alba 'Vitellina-Tristis'Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Salicaceae Subfamily: Salicoideae Tribe: ...

 

Thuluth

Script variety of Arabic calligraphy An example of thuluth scripturePart of a series onIslamic culture Architecture Azerbaijani Indo-Islamic Indonesian Moorish Ottoman Persian Somali Sudano-Sahelian Tatar Swahili Yemeni Art Arabian carpet Azerbaijani carpet Batik Calligraphy Damask Embroidery Ikat Iznik pottery Khatam Kilim Miniature Oriental rug Paan dan Persian carpet Soumak Suzani Tapis Turkmen rug Turkish carpet Zardozi Clothing Abaya Agal Boubou Burqa Chador Hijab Headscarf Jilbab Jellab...

Lil Nas X

American rapper (born 1999) Lil Nas XLil Nas X at 2019 MTV Video Music AwardsBornMontero Lamar Hill (1999-04-09) April 9, 1999 (age 25)Lithia Springs, Georgia, U.S.EducationUniversity of West Georgia (no degree)Occupations Rapper singer songwriter Years active2015–presentAwardsFull listMusical careerOriginAustell, Georgia, U.S.Genres Hip hop pop rap country rap trap pop rock DiscographyLil Nas X discographyLabelsColumbiaWebsitewelcometomontero.com Musical artist Montero Lamar Hill...

 

List of Italian films of 1912

Lists of Italian films 1910s 1910 1911 1912 1913 19141915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920s 1920 1921 1922 1923 19241925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930s 1930 1931 1932 1933 19341935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940s 1940 1941 1942 1943 19441945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950s 1950 1951 1952 1953 19541955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960s 1960 1961 1962 1963 19641965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970s 1970 1971 1972 1973 19741975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980s 1980 1981 1982 1983 19841985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990s 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994199...