Auckland Island merganser

Auckland Island merganser Temporal range: Late Holocene

Stuffed specimen from 1902
Conservation status
Extinct (c.1902) (IUCN 3.1)^[1]
Extinct (c.1902) (NZ TCS)^[2]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Anseriformes
Family:	Anatidae
Genus:	Mergus
Species:	†M. australis
Binomial name
†Mergus australis Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841

The Auckland Island merganser (Mergus australis) (Māori: Miuweka),^[3] also known as the New Zealand merganser, was a typical merganser that is now extinct.

Description

This duck was similar in size to the red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator). The adult male had a dark reddish-brown head, crest and neck, with bluish black mantle and tail and slate grey wings.^[4] The female was slightly smaller with a shorter crest.

History

The Auckland Island merganser was known from the Auckland Islands archipelago, part of the New Zealand Subantarctic Islands. The only historical records are from Auckland Island and Adams Island. Holocene bones were found on Enderby Island.^[5] The last specimens were apparently a pair shot on 9 January 1902, and the species is now extinct.^[5] It was not found in a 1909 search, and a thorough 1972/1973 exploration of possible habitat concluded that it was long extinct.^[6] Its decline was caused by a combination of hunting and predation by introduced mammals.^[7]

The closely related Chatham Island merganser (Mergus milleneri) is known from Holocene bones found on Chatham Island, New Zealand.^[8] The species identity of merganser bones from mainland New Zealand - North, South, and Stewart Islands - is unresolved.^[5]

References

^ BirdLife International (2016). "Mergus australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22680496A92864737. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22680496A92864737.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
^ "Mergus australis. NZTCS". nztcs.org.nz. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
^ "Auckland Island merganser | Miuweka | New Zealand Birds Online". nzbirdsonline.org.nz. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
^ Tennyson, Alan J. D. (2006). Extinct birds of New Zealand. Paul Martinson. Wellington, N.Z.: Te Papa Press. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-909010-21-8. OCLC 80016906.
^ ^a ^b ^c Miskelly, Colin & Forsdick, Natalie & Gill, Brian & Palma, Ricardo & Rawlence, Nicolas & Tennyson, Alan. (2022). CHECKLIST OF THE BIRDS OF NEW ZEALAND. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361824003_CHECKLIST_OF_THE_BIRDS_OF_NEW_ZEALAND
^ Williams, G. R. & Weller, M. W.. (1974): Unsuccessful search for the Auckland Islands Merganser (Mergus australis). Notornis 21(3): 246–249. PDF fulltext
^ Russell, James; Horn, Stephen R.; Miskelly, Colin M.; Sagar, Rachael; Taylor, Rowland H. (2020). "Introduced land mammals and their impacts on the birds of the subantarctic Auckland Islands". Notornis. 67 (1): 247–268.
^ "Chatham Island merganser | New Zealand Birds Online". nzbirdsonline.org.nz. Retrieved 2024-06-15.

v t e Birds of New Zealand
Common birds	Bellbird (korimako) Black-billed gull (tarāpuka) Brown creeper (pipipi) Brown teal (pāteke) Buff-banded rail (moho-pererū) Dabchick (weweia) Double-banded plover (pohowera) New Zealand falcon (kārearea) Fantail (pīwakawaka) Grey warbler (riroriro) Grey-faced petrel (ōi) Sacred kingfisher (kōtare) Long-tailed cuckoo (koekoeā) Kererū Pipit (pīhoihoi) New Zealand dotterel (tūturiwhatu) South Island robin North Island robin New Zealand scaup (pāpango) Paradise shelduck (pūtangitangi) Pūkeko Rifleman (tītipounamu) New Zealand rock wren (pīwauwau) Shining cuckoo (pīpīwharauroa) Silvereye (tauhou) South Island oystercatcher (tōrea) Spotted shag (pārekareka) Tomtit (miromiro) Tūī Variable oystercatcher (tōrea pango) White-fronted tern (tara) Whitehead (pōpokotea) Wrybill (ngutuparore)
Flightless birds	Great spotted kiwi (roroa) Little spotted kiwi (kiwi pukupuku) North Island brown kiwi (roroa) Okarito kiwi (rowi) Southern brown kiwi (tokoeka) Yellow-eyed penguin (hoiho) Kākāpō South Island takahē Fiordland penguin (tawaki) Weka Blue penguin (kororā)
Endangered endemic birds (flying)	Black-fronted tern (tarapiroe) Black stilt (kakī) Blue duck (whio) Fernbird (mātātā) Foveaux shag Kākā Kea North Island kōkako South Island kōkako New Zealand fairy tern (tara-iti) New Zealand king shag (kawau tūī) New Zealand storm petrel (takahikare) Northern royal albatross Otago shag (Matapo) Orange-fronted parakeet (kākāriki karaka) Red-billed gull (tarāpunga) North Island saddleback (tīeke) South Island saddleback (tīeke) Shore plover (tūturuatu) Stitchbird (hihi) Yellowhead (mōhua)
Chatham Islands birds	Black robin (karure) Chatham albatross (toroa) Chatham gerygone Chatham oystercatcher (tōrea) Chatham parakeet Chatham petrel (ranguru) Chatham pigeon (parea) Chatham shag (papua) Chatham snipe Magenta petrel (tāiko) Pitt shag (kawau o rangihaute)
Subantarctic islands birds	Antipodean albatross (Toroa) Auckland rail Auckland shag Auckland teal (tētē kākāriki) Antipodes parakeet Bounty shag Campbell albatross Campbell shag Campbell teal Erect-crested penguin (tawaki nana hī) Reischek's parakeet Snares snipe Snares penguin (pokotiwha) Subantarctic snipe (tutukiwi)
Extinct birds	South Island piopio (piopio) New Zealand bittern (kaoriki) New Zealand quail (koreke) Huia Haast's eagle Moa North Island adzebill South Island adzebill Auckland Island merganser (rakiraki maungahuka) Chatham Island merganser Bushwren (mātuhituhi) Long-billed wren South Island stout-legged wren North Island stout-legged wren Lyall's wren Chatham kākā Laughing owl (whēkau) Chatham penguin Waitaha penguin Eyles' harrier (kērangi) North Island little spotted kiwi North Island snipe South Island snipe Forbes's snipe Snipe-rail Imber's petrel Scarlett's shearwater (ōiruki) North Island takahē (moho) New Zealand goose Finsch's duck (manutahora) New Zealand owlet-nightjar (ruru hinapō) New Zealand musk duck New Zealand swan (poūwa)

Taxon identifiers

Mergus australis

Wikidata: Q758668
Wikispecies: Mergus australis
ADW: Mergus_australis
Avibase: EDDA42EDF8EBD0A0
BirdLife: 22680496
BOW: auimer1
CoL: 3ZTRL
eBird: auimer1
EoL: 1048505
GBIF: 5232476
iNaturalist: 7001
IRMNG: 10190388
ITIS: 175191
IUCN: 22680496
NZBO: auckland-island-merganser
NZOR: 6d4c21bc-81fd-4002-a535-7e042b51fbef
Open Tree of Life: 3595918
Paleobiology Database: 143785
WoRMS: 225903
Xeno-canto: Mergus-australis

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