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Attalea phalerata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Arecales
Family:	Arecaceae
Genus:	Attalea
Species:	A. phalerata
Binomial name
	Attalea phalerata; Mart. ex Spreng.
Synonyms
	Attalea excelsa Mart.; Attalea phalerata var. concinna L.R.Moreno & O.I.Moreno; Maximiliana princeps Mart.; Scheelea corumbaensis (Barb.Rodr.) Barb.Rodr.; Scheelea martiana Burret; Scheelea microspadix Burret; Scheelea phalerata (Mart. ex Spreng.) Burret; Scheelea princeps var. corumbaensis Barb.Rodr.;

Attalea phalerata is a species of palm tree known by the English common name urucuri palm, the Portuguese common name urucurizeiro, and the Spanish common name shapaja.^[1] Other common names include motacu^[2] and bacuri.^[3] It is native to Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Peru,^[1] where it grows along southern and western Amazonia.^[4] It is the most common palm tree on the Pantanal.^[5]

Description

This palm grows up to 18 metres (59 ft 1 in) tall, the trunk rarely reaching more than 4 metres (13 ft 1 in).^[6]^[7] It has up to 30 feather-like leaves.^[7] The bright orange fruits are up to 11 centimetres (4.3 in) long.^[7]

Ecology

This palm species is of ecological importance and grows in many types of forest; individuals become fertile at 7-10 years of age (1 m height).^[6] Flowering occurs throughout the year and fruiting twice per year.^[6] The seeds are dispersed by tapirs, which swallow the fruits whole,^[8] and by rheas, agoutis, spiny rats of genus Clyomys, and caracaras. The hyacinth macaw consumes the seeds and may disperse them, as well.^[3] The sheaths of the palm often accumulate the seeds of other plants, which are sometimes deposited there by Artibeus jamaicensis, a frugivorous bat. The seeds sometimes germinate there and grow as epiphytes on the palm tree.^[5] This palm tree is commonly pollinated by sap beetles of genus Mystrops and weevils of tribe Madarini.^[9] The weevil Pachymerus cardo is known to be a seed predator on this species.^[8] Rhodinus stali, an insect which is a vector of Chagas disease, may infest this tree.^[2]

Uses

The tree has human uses. The leaves are used to thatch rooftops and the fruits are fed to pigs and other livestock.^[2] It is a source of vegetable oil.^[10] It is one of the most economically important palm species in Bolivia, where it is known as motacú.^[6]^[11]

References

^ ^a ^b "Attalea phalerata". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c Justi, S. A., et al. (2010). Infestation of peridomestic Attalea phalerata palms by Rhodnius stali, a vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Alto Beni, Bolivia. Tropical Medicine and International Health 15(6) 727-32.
^ ^a ^b Galetti, M. and P. R. Guimarães Jr. (2004). Seed dispersal of Attalea phalerata (Palmae) by Crested caracaras (Caracara plancus) in the Pantanal and a review of frugivory by raptors. Ararajuba 12(2) 133-35.
^ Choo, J., et al. (2010). Characterization of 14 microsatellite loci in a tropical palm, Attelea phalerata (Arecaceae).^{[dead link‍]} American Journal of Botany e105-e106.
^ ^a ^b Corrêa, C. E., et al. (2012). Seed banks on Attalea phalerata (Arecaceae) stems in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil. Annals of Botany 109 729-34.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Barthlott, W. and M. Winiger. Biodiversity: A Challenge for Development Research and Policy. Springer 2001.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Attalea phalerata - Palmpedia - Palm Grower's Guide". www.palmpedia.net. Retrieved 2018-10-27.
^ ^a ^b Quiroga-Castro, V. D. and A. I. Roldán. (2001). The fate of Attalea phalerata (Palmae) seeds dispersed to a tapir latrine. Biotropica 33(3) 472-77.
^ Fava, W. S., et al. (2011). Attalea phalerata and Bactris glaucescens (Arecaceae, Arecoideae): Phenology and pollination ecology in the Pantanal, Brazil. Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 206(6) 575-84.
^ R., M. Moraes., et al. (1996). Notes on the biology and uses of the Motacú Palm (Attalea phalerata, Arecaceae) from Bolivia. Economic Botany 50(4) 423-28.
^ Brokamp, Grischa (2015). Relevance and Sustainability of Wild Plant Collection in NW South America: Insights from the Plant Families Arecaceae and Krameriaceae. Wiesbaden: Springer Spektrum. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-08696-1. ISBN 978-3-658-08695-4. S2CID 30557398.

[grin-1] "Attalea phalerata". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 25 January 2018.

[justi-2] Justi, S. A., et al. (2010). Infestation of peridomestic Attalea phalerata palms by Rhodnius stali, a vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Alto Beni, Bolivia. Tropical Medicine and International Health 15(6) 727-32.

[galetti-3] Galetti, M. and P. R. Guimarães Jr. (2004). Seed dispersal of Attalea phalerata (Palmae) by Crested caracaras (Caracara plancus) in the Pantanal and a review of frugivory by raptors. Ararajuba 12(2) 133-35.

[choo-4] Choo, J., et al. (2010). Characterization of 14 microsatellite loci in a tropical palm, Attelea phalerata (Arecaceae).^{[dead link‍]} American Journal of Botany e105-e106.

[correa-5] Corrêa, C. E., et al. (2012). Seed banks on Attalea phalerata (Arecaceae) stems in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil. Annals of Botany 109 729-34.

[barth-6] Barthlott, W. and M. Winiger. Biodiversity: A Challenge for Development Research and Policy. Springer 2001.

[:0-7] "Attalea phalerata - Palmpedia - Palm Grower's Guide". www.palmpedia.net. Retrieved 2018-10-27.

[qc-8] Quiroga-Castro, V. D. and A. I. Roldán. (2001). The fate of Attalea phalerata (Palmae) seeds dispersed to a tapir latrine. Biotropica 33(3) 472-77.

[fava-9] Fava, W. S., et al. (2011). Attalea phalerata and Bactris glaucescens (Arecaceae, Arecoideae): Phenology and pollination ecology in the Pantanal, Brazil. Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 206(6) 575-84.

[moraes-10] R., M. Moraes., et al. (1996). Notes on the biology and uses of the Motacú Palm (Attalea phalerata, Arecaceae) from Bolivia. Economic Botany 50(4) 423-28.

[Brokamp-2015-11] Brokamp, Grischa (2015). Relevance and Sustainability of Wild Plant Collection in NW South America: Insights from the Plant Families Arecaceae and Krameriaceae. Wiesbaden: Springer Spektrum. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-08696-1. ISBN 978-3-658-08695-4. S2CID 30557398.

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PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Attalea phalerata

Description

Ecology

Uses

References

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