Asphodelus

Asphodelus
White asphodel (Asphodelus albus)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asphodelaceae
Subfamily: Asphodeloideae
Genus: Asphodelus
L.
Synonyms[1]
Asphodelus ramosus

Asphodelus is a genus of mainly perennial flowering plants in the asphodel family Asphodelaceae[2] that was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. The genus was formerly included in the lily family (Liliaceae).[3] The genus is native to temperate Europe (mostly the south of Europe),[4] the Mediterranean, Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian Subcontinent, and some species have been introduced to, and are now naturalized in, other places such as New Zealand, Australia, Mexico and southwestern United States.[1][5] Many asphodels are popular garden plants, which grow in well-drained soils with abundant natural light.

Character

The plants are hardy herbaceous perennials with narrow tufted radical leaves and an elongated stem bearing a handsome spike of white or yellow flowers. Asphodelus albus and A. fistulosus have white flowers and grow from 45 to 60 centimetres (1+12–2 ft) high; A. ramosus is a larger plant, the large white flowers of which have a reddish-brown line in the middle of each segment.

Etymology

The genus name is derived from the Greek ἀσφόδελος asphodelos.[6][7]

Species

There are 16 species in the genus.[8]

Species[1]
  1. Asphodelus acaulis Desf. – Branched asphodel – Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia
  2. Asphodelus aestivus Brot. – Summer asphodel, also known as Common asphodel and Silver rod – Western Mediterranean (mainly Portugal and Spain)
  3. Asphodelus albus Mill. – White asphodel, also known as Rimmed lichen – Mediterranean
  4. Asphodelus ayardii Jahand. & Maire – France, Spain, Italy, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Canary Islands
  5. Asphodelus bakeri Breistr. – Western Himalayas of northern India, northern Pakistan, etc.
  6. Asphodelus bento-rainhae P.Silva – Spain, Portugal
  7. Asphodelus cerasiferus J.Gay – France, Spain, Sardinia, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia
  8. Asphodelus fistulosus L. – Onion-leaved asphodel, also known as Onionweed – Mediterranean (naturalized in New Zealand, Mexico, southwestern United States, etc.)
  9. Asphodelus gracilis Braun-Blanq. & Maire – Morocco
  10. Asphodelus lusitanicus Cout. – Spain, Portugal
  11. Asphodelus macrocarpus Parl. – Mediterranean
  12. Asphodelus ramosus L. – Branched asphodel – southern Europe, northern Africa, the Middle East and Canary Islands
  13. Asphodelus refractus Boiss. – North Africa and Arabian Peninsula from Mauritania & Morocco to Saudi Arabia
  14. Asphodelus roseus Humbert & Maire – Spain, Morocco
  15. Asphodelus serotinus Wolley-Dod – Spain, Portugal
  16. Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. – Southeast Europe and northern Africa from the Mediterranean south to Mali, Chad, Sudan, Somalia; south-central Asia from Caucasus to India
  17. Asphodelus viscidulus Boiss. – North Africa, Middle East, Arabian Peninsula
Formerly included

Uses

The leaves[clarification needed] are used to wrap burrata, an Italian cheese. The leaves and the cheese last about the same time, three or four days, and thus fresh leaves are a sign of a fresh cheese, while dried out leaves indicate that the cheese is past its prime.[9]

Mythology

In Greek legend the asphodel is one of the most famous of the plants connected with the dead and the underworld. Homer describes it as covering the great meadow (ἀσφόδελος λειμών), the haunt of the dead. It was planted on graves, and is often connected with Persephone, who appears crowned with a garland of asphodels. [citation needed] Its general connection with death is due no doubt to the greyish colour of its leaves and its yellowish flowers, which suggest the gloom of the underworld and the pallor of death. The roots were eaten by the poorer Greeks; hence such food was thought good enough for the shades.[citation needed] The asphodel was also supposed to be a remedy for venomous snake-bites and a specific against sorcery; it was fatal to mice, but preserved pigs from disease. The Libyan nomads made their huts of asphodel stalks.[citation needed][10]

Poetry

The asphodel is mentioned by several poets in connection with the mythology of death, and by association, the afterlife - specifically the Isles of the Blessed and Elysium - part of the ancient Greek concept of the afterlife.

  • Conrad Aiken: "Snowflake on asphodel—how clear, how bright / Snow's death on dying flower, yet both immortal"
  • Elizabeth Barrett Browning: "As one who stands in dewless asphodel, Looks backward on the tedious time he had In the upper life."
  • Florence Earle Coates: "beauty wove a magic spell/ For him, and early, at his need,/ Upon a bed of asphodel/ He found a tuneful reed" in poem "Henry Wadsworth Longfellow"
  • Leonard Cohen: "But in his lapel, discreetly, he wore a sprig of asphodel."
  • William Faulkner: "There asphodels are scattered through the night, Like ghosts of young beseeching hands." ONE WHO WAS LEFT LIVING, CHANSONS AU PRINTEMPS, handwritten with drawings, 1919, W. Faulkner, RFC
  • Robert Frost: “And where they sought without the sword/ Wide fields of asphodel fore’er” The Trial by Existence, A Boy’s Will
  • Allen Ginsberg: "An Asphodel"
  • Hesiod: "Children! They know not how much more the half is than the whole, nor how great is the profit in mallow and asphodel."[11]
  • Homer: "So I said and off he went, the ghost of the great runner, Aeacus’ grandson loping with long strides across the fields of asphodel, triumphant in all I had told him of his son, his gallant, glorious son."[12]
  • Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: "He, who wore the crown of asphodels, Descending, at my door began to knock."[13]
  • John Milton: "To embathe In nectared lavers strewed with asphodel."
  • Edgar Allan Poe: "and when, one by one, the white daisies shrank away, there sprang up in place of them, ten by ten of the ruby-red asphodel"
  • Alexander Pope: "Happy Souls who dwell In Yellow Meads of Asphodel, Or Amaranthine Bowers."
  • Ezra Pound, "Canto XXI": "Danced there Athame, danced, and there Phaethusa/ With colour in the vein,/ Strong as with blood drink, once,/ With colour in the vein/ Red in the smoke-faint throat. Dis caught her up./ And the old man went on there/ beating his mule with an asphodel."
  • Alfred Tennyson: "Others in Elysian valleys dwell, Resting weary limbs at last on beds of asphodel."
  • Orville E. Watson: "see a river like Kokosing, in meadows sweet with asphodel"
  • William Carlos Williams: "Asphodel, that greeny flower"
  • Marie Laforêt: "Je t'ai donné mes bouquets d'asphodèles
  • Oscar Wilde: "The heavy fields of scentless Asphodel, the loveless lips with which men kiss in hell"; "they sleep, they sleep, beneath the rocking trees where asphodel and yellow lotus twine"
  • Dani Filth: "When the Sun goes out our powers/ Will extend throughout Heaven like Asphodel"
  • Virginia Woolf: " But some were early infected by a germ said to be bred of the pollen of the asphodel" (describing the love of literature in Orlando)

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Kew Plants of the World Online
  2. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.
  3. ^ Bailey, L.H. & E.Z. Bailey. 1976. Hortus Third i–xiv, 1–1290. MacMillan, New York.
  4. ^ "asphodel". Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
  5. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Asphodelus includes photos plus European distribution maps
  6. ^ Harper, Douglas. "asphodel". Online Etymology Dictionary.
  7. ^ ἀσφόδελος. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
  8. ^ Lifante, Z. Díaz (1996). "Pollen morphology ofAsphodelusL. (Asphodelaceae): Taxonomic and phylogenetic inferences at the infrageneric level". Grana. 35 (1): 24–32. Bibcode:1996Grana..35...24L. doi:10.1080/00173139609430497.
  9. ^ Roberts, Genevieve (2 March 2011). "Burrata: Britain's new Big cheese". The Independent. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
  10. ^ Herodotus (2015). The Histories. Penguin Books. pp. Book 4 paragraph 190. ISBN 978-0-14-310754-5.
  11. ^ Hes.Works and Days.40-41.
  12. ^ The Odyssey, translated by Robert Fagels
  13. ^ Shorter Oxford English dictionary, 6th ed. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. 2007. p. 3804. ISBN 978-0199206872.

References

Read other articles:

DB class 624 / 634A class 624 at Oldenburg main stationType and originPower typeDiesel-hydraulicBuilderMAN AG, Waggonfabrik UerdingenBuild date1961 (prototypes)1964-1968 (regular)SpecificationsConfiguration:​ • AARB'2' + 2'2' + 2'B' (standard configuration)Gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)Axle load12 t (12 long tons; 13 short tons)Prime moverMANEngine typeDiesel enginePerformance figuresMaximum speed120 km/h (75 mph) (class 624)140 ...

 

Ayam sumatraAyam sumatra jantanNama lainBlack Sumatra[1]Negara asalIndonesiaPenggunaanayam hiasKarakteristikBeratJantan: standar: 2.25–2.70 kgayam kate: 735 g[1] Betina: standar: 1.80 kgayam kate: 625 g[1]Warna kulithitamWarna telurputihKlasifikasiAyam kampungGallus gallus domesticus Ayam sumatra atau black sumatra (bahasa Minang: ayam taduang) adalah ras ayam kampung Indonesia yang berasal dari Pulau Sumatra, Indonesia.[2] Ayam ini awalnya diimpor dari ...

 

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. Brian van Loo Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Brian Marcel van LooTanggal lahir 2 April 1975 (umur 48)Tempat lahir Almelo, BelandaTinggi 1,98 m (6 ft 6 in)Posisi bermain Penjaga gawangInformasi klubKlub saat ini Heracles AlmeloNomor ...

Asteroid, disebut juga planet minor atau planetoid, adalah benda berukuran lebih kecil daripada planet, tetapi lebih besar daripada meteoroid, umumnya terdapat di bagian dalam Tata Surya (lebih dalam dari orbit planet Neptunus). Asteroid berbeda dengan komet dari penampakan visualnya. Komet menampakkan koma (ekor) sementara asteroid tidak. Istilah ini secara historis ditujukan untuk semua objek astronomis yang mengelilingi matahari dan setelah diobservasi tidak memiliki karakteristik komet ak...

 

Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia独立準備委員会Dokuritsu Junbi InkaiSidang PPKI tanggal 18 Agustus 1945Informasi lembagaDibentuk7 Agustus 1945 (1945-08-07)Nomenklatur lembaga sebelumnyaBadan Penyelidik Usaha-Usaha Persiapan KemerdekaanDibubarkan29 Agustus 1945 (1945-08-29)Lembaga penggantiKomite Nasional Indonesia PusatPejabat eksekutifSoekarno, KetuaMohammad Hatta, Wakil Ketua Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (disingkat PPKI, bahasa Jepang: 独立準備委員会...

 

Kurva Hubbert, digambar oleh M. King Hubbert, adalah sebuah model matematika persediaan minyak pada masa depan. Puncak teori Hubbert, juga dikenal dengan puncak minyak adalah sebuah teori berpengaruh mengenai pengambilan dan penghabisan jangka-panjang dari minyak bumi konvensional (dan bahan bakar fosil lainnya). Teori ini dinamakan atas seorang geofisikawan Amerika M. King Hubbert, yang menciptakan sebuah model dari persediaan yang diketahui, dan mengusulkan sebuah teori. Pada 1956, Hubbert ...

Будем как солнце. Книга символовБудемъ какъ солнце К. Д. Бальмонт Обложка оригинального издания Автор К. Д. Бальмонт Жанр поэзия Язык оригинала русский Оригинал издан 1903 Издатель Скорпион Страниц 290 Носитель книга Текст в Викитеке «Будем как солнце. Книга символов»&#...

 

Lawai[1] adalaah kota kuno di Kabupaten Ketapang yang tempat persisnya masih diperdebatkan. Kota Lawai dan Sukadana ada disebutkan dalam Hikayat Banjar.[2] Tanjungpura disebut juga Lawai, juga sering disebut dalam tulisan adalah Tanjung Negara, Sukadana, Lawai, Melano, Kendawangan, semuanya memang termasuk wilayah kekuasaan kerajaan Tanjungpura. Sedangkan kerajaan di Laue ( Mungkin ini Lawai, Lawe, Labai bisa berarti Sukadana, Tanjungpura, kerajaan sekadau atau sekarang Sekuci...

 

Anni difficiliMilly Vitale in una scena del filmLingua originaleitaliano Paese di produzioneItalia Anno1948 Durata113 min Dati tecniciB/N Generedrammatico RegiaLuigi Zampa SoggettoVitaliano Brancati SceneggiaturaSergio Amidei, Vitaliano Brancati, Franco Evangelisti, Enrico Fulchignoni ProduttoreFerdinando Briguglio Casa di produzioneBriguglio Film Distribuzione in italianoFincine FotografiaCarlo Montuori MontaggioEraldo Da Roma MusicheFranco Casavola, dirette da Ugo Giacomozzi ScenografiaIvo ...

Lilium longiflorum Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Plantae (tanpa takson): Tracheophyta (tanpa takson): Angiospermae (tanpa takson): Monokotil Ordo: Liliales Famili: Liliaceae Genus: Lilium Spesies: L. longiflorum Nama binomial Lilium longiflorumThunb. Bunga Bakung Paskah (Lilium longiflorum) atau Bunga Bakung November adalah tanaman asli Kepulauan Ryukyu, Jepang. Di Jepang, bunga ini disebut dengan テッポウユリ, Teppouyuri. Lilium longiflorum sangat beracun untuk kucing.[1] ...

 

British Conservative politician The subject of this article is standing for re-election to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom on 4 July, and has not been an incumbent MP since Parliament was dissolved on 30 May. Some parts of this article may be out of date during this period. Please feel free to improve this article (but note that updates without valid and reliable references will be removed) or discuss changes on the talk page. Marco LonghiMPOfficial portrait, 2020Member o...

 

Napoleone III di FranciaRitratto di Napoleone III di Franz Xaver Winterhalter del 1855, Museo napoleonico di RomaImperatore dei francesiStemma In carica2 dicembre 1852 –4 settembre 1870(17 anni e 276 giorni) Predecessorese stesso come Presidente della Repubblica francese Successoretitolo abolito(Louis-Jules Trochu come Presidente del governo di difesa nazionale) Nome completoCarlo Luigi Napoleone Bonaparte TrattamentoSua Maestà Imperiale Altri titoliCoprincipe di Andor...

Questa voce sull'argomento stagioni delle società calcistiche francesi è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Voce principale: Olympique Gymnaste Club de Nice Côte d'Azur. O.G.C. NiceStagione 1967-1968Sport calcio Squadra Nizza Allenatore César Héctor Gonzalez Presidente Jean Charles Division 12º (in Coppa delle Fiere) Coppa di FranciaOttavi di finale Coppa delle FierePrimo turno Maggiori presenzeCampionato: Autobur (38) Miglior mar...

 

United States government agency (1812–1946) Not to be confused with Texas General Land Office. General Land OfficeAgency overviewFormed1812Dissolved1946JurisdictionFederal governmentParent departmentU.S. Department of the Interior The General Land Office (GLO) was an independent agency of the United States government responsible for public domain lands in the United States. It was created in 1812 to take over functions previously conducted by the United States Department of the Treasury. St...

 

Municipality in Brazil For other uses of Pereira, see Pereira (disambiguation). Municipality in Southeast, BrazilPereira BarretoMunicipality FlagCoat of armsLocation in São Paulo statePereira BarretoLocation in BrazilCoordinates: 20°38′18″S 51°6′33″W / 20.63833°S 51.10917°W / -20.63833; -51.10917CountryBrazilRegionSoutheastStateSão PauloArea • Total974 km2 (376 sq mi)Population (2020 [1]) • Total25,677&#...

Pour les articles homonymes, voir General MacArthur. Douglas MacArthur Le général MacArthur à Manille le 2 août 1945, arborant sa fameuse pipe de maïs. Surnom Gaijin Shogun (le généralissime étranger) Dugout Doug Big Chief American Caesar (le César Américain)Sorcerer of Inchon (le sorcier d'Incheon)[1],[2] Naissance 26 janvier 1880Little Rock, États-Unis Décès 5 avril 1964 (à 84 ans)Washington, États-Unis Origine Américain Allégeance États-Unis Philippines Arme Armée ...

 

Aristid von Grosse BiografiKelahiran4 Januari 1905 Riga Kematian21 Juli 1985 (80 tahun)Laguna Hills (en) Penyebab kematianRadang paru-paru Data pribadiPendidikanUniversitas Humboldt Berlin KegiatanPenasihat doktoralKarl Andreas Hofmann (en) dan Otto Hahn SpesialisasiRadiokimia Pekerjaankimiawan Bekerja diKaiser Wilhelm Society (en) 1939Proyek Manhattan KeluargaOrang tuaVictor Carl Grosse (en) , Ella Marie Elmerice Grosse (en) Penghargaan(1941)  Guggenheim Fellowship (en) (1940) ...

 

Si Doel Anak SekolahanKartu judul Si Doel Anak Sekolahan.GenreDramaKomediKeluargaRomanPembuatRano KarnoBerdasarkanSi Doel Anak Betawioleh Aman Datuk MadjoindoDitulis olehRano KarnoHarry TjahjonoSutradaraRano KarnoPemeranRano KarnoBenyamin SuebCornelia AgathaMaudy KoesnaediAminah CendrakasihMandraSuti KarnoBasukiLagu pembukaSi Doel Anak Betawi oleh ME VoicesLagu penutupSi Doel Anak Betawi oleh ME VoicesPenata musikPurwacarakaNegara asalIndonesiaBahasa asliBahasa IndonesiaBahasa BetawiJm...

CarabinieriPaeseItalia Anno2002-2008 Formatoserie TV Generepoliziesco, commedia, drammatico Stagioni7 Episodi174 Durata50 minuti (episodio) Lingua originaleitaliano Rapporto16:9 (Prima TV con letterbox 4:3) CreditiIdeatoreLorraine De Selle, Micol Pallucca RegiaRaffaele Mertes, Sergio Martino, Elisabetta Marchetti Interpreti e personaggi Manuela Arcuri: Paola Vitali Ettore Bassi: Andrea Ferri Lorenzo Crespi: Tommaso Palermo Pino Caruso: Giuseppe Capello Francesco Giuffrida: Leonardo Bi...

 

Cet article est une ébauche concernant la politique française et les Hauts-de-Seine. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. 1978 1986 Élections législatives de 1981 dans les Hauts-de-Seine 13 sièges de députés à l'Assemblée nationale 14 et 21 juin 1981 Corps électoral et résultats Population 1 438 930 Inscrits 855 057 Votants au 1er tour 591 236   69,15 %  ...