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Asakura Toshikage
Asakura Toshikage
Born	1428
Died	1481
Nationality	Japanese
Occupation(s)	Head of the Asakura Clan, Shoga of Echizen
Years active	1471-1481

Asakura Toshikage (朝倉敏景, 1428 - 1481) was a Japanese head of the Asakura clan, and the shugo-daimyō (feudal military lord) of Echizen Province during Japan's Muromachi period. He fought in the Onin War from 1472 until its end in 1477.

Life

Toshikage was born in 1428.^[1]

In the 1460s, a struggle for control of Echizen Province started between two deputy-governor houses, the Asakura and the Kai. The Ōnin War started in 1468,^[2] which the Asakura were driven into by their Echizen conflict. During the war, Toshikage was allied with the western army, but in February 1471, he switched sides and joined the eastern army, becoming a subordinate of Shiba Yoshitoshi. Yoshitoshi was a contender for the head of the Shiba house, which was a suzerain of the Asakura family, and in exchange for Toshikage's support, Yoshitoshi gave him the title of the shugo-daimyo of Echizen, a title which the Shiba clan had held.^[3]^[4] Control over the province was contested, but Toshikage controlled a "lion's share" of the province by May.^[5] Toshikage is best known for the Asakura Toshikage ju-shichi-ka-jo, his 17-article Asakura family code.^[4]

He completed his conquest of Echizen on 6 August 1472, after defeating the Kai on the battlefield. The Kai and their allies left Echizen for Kaga Province.^[6] The Kai allied with Togashi Kochiyo^[ja], a faction leader who supported the western army, and was currently fighting for control of Kaga against his older brother in the Togashi family, Masachika, who supported the eastern army.^[7] In July 1473, the Kai and Kochiyo's Togashi faction drove Masachika out of Kaga, and Masachika in turn fled to Toshikage.^[7] A few days later, the Kai went to invade Echizen, and engaged Toshikage's army at Hosorogi-go on 8 August, which was on the boundary of the two provinces. Hosorogi-go was near Yoshizaki, where a Hongan-ji community was located. The Kai won, killing 70 of Toshikage's men and wounding 800, and then retreated back into Kaga. Three weeks later, on 1 October, the Kai returned to the area, and burned territory close to Yoshizaki.^[8]

Masachika spent a year in Echizen, recruiting for a campaign back into Kaga. During the year, he returned to Yoshizaki and recruited Hongan-ji adherents to join his army. He eventually returned to the area, and received Hongan-ji recruits from both provinces.^[8] Meanwhile, Toshikage's army was "harassed" by the Kai's border skirmishes. The skirmishes failed, and after a fifth failure, in May 1474, a representative for the Kai went to Kyoto to consult with their allies. After they returned, the dominant warlord of Mino Province, southeast of Echizen, decided the fighting had gone on too long, and ordered Toshikage and the Kai to accept a truce. This made Kochiyo lose allies, and Masachika went to regain Kaga on 26 July.^[9] He would successfully invade it over the next few months.^[10] In 1475, Toshikage and the Shiba won a battle against the Kai.^[11] The Ōnin War ended in 1477.^[12]

Masachika's authority fragmented in the late 1470s and early 1480s. The Kai renewed their war with Yoshikage, still in Echizen, in 1479. The Kai made "little headway" for several years,^[13] and Toshikage died in 1481.^[1] The head of the Asakura clan after Toshikage was Asakura Ujikage.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ ^a ^b Tsang 2007, p. 57.
^ Tsang 2007, p. 53.
^ Tsang 2007, pp. 73, 258.
^ ^a ^b De Bary 2008, p. 842.
^ Tsang 2007, p. 256.
^ Tsang 2007, p. 73.
^ ^a ^b Tsang 2007, p. 74.
^ ^a ^b Tsang 2007, p. 75.
^ Tsang 2009, p. 76.
^ Tsang 2009, p. 76-77.
^ Tsang 2007, pp. 74, 259.
^ "Onin War | Summary | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
^ Tsang 2007, p. 105.

Sources

Tsang, Carol Richmond (2007). War and Faith: Ikkō Ikki in Late Muromachi Japan, Harvard University Asia Center. ISBN 9781684174577
William Theodore De Bary (2008). Sources of East Asian Tradition: Volume 1, Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231143059