Arye Oded (5 May 1929 - 2 March 2019) was an Israeli diplomat, scholar, and author of books and research articles about Africa - Israel relations, Islam, and Judaism in Africa.[1]
Oded was born during the British Mandate in 1929 in the Old City of Jerusalem to parents who had come from Aden in the early 1920s. In 1936, the family was caught up in the violent Arab riots in Jaffa and was helped by Christian-Arab neighbors. After the death of his father in 1938, he was raised in an Orthodox orphanage.[3][citation needed]
Army service
After high school in 1947, Oded volunteered to work in and defend kibbutzManara bordering Lebanon and a year later, at the outbreak of the 1947–1949 Palestine war, he joined a unit of the Palmach which had arrived to help defend the kibbutz which was under siege by the Arabs, led by the Syrian General Fawzi al-Qawuqji.[4][citation needed]
Discovery of the Abayudaya in Uganda
After finishing his MA studies at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem in 1957, Oded entered Israel's Foreign Ministry. In 1961, when African countries started receiving their independence, Oded received a scholarship from Israel's Foreign Ministry to study for his doctorate at Makerere University in Uganda which was at the time the only university in East Africa. During his one-year stay in Uganda, he was informed about a community of African Jews who called themselves the Abayudaya (which means "Jews" in the local language), which was unknown to the outside world and had been founded in 1919 by Semei Kakungulu, a successful army general of the Buganda Kingdom.[5] Oded was the first Israeli to make contact with this community and to conduct researches and interviews in Swahili as to how Semei Kakungulu came to convert to Judaism and how he founded the community[6] During many years, Oded kept in contact with members of the community, except during Idi Amin's regime (1971–1979).[7][citation needed]
From the 1960s onwards, Oded had published books and articles on the Abayudaya in both Hebrew and English.[8]
Career as diplomat and scholar
Oded began his diplomatic career in Uganda in 1961. In the 1970s, during the rupture in relations between Israel and Africa, Oded served as Israeli Interest Officer in Kenya and as Israel's Permanent Representative at the United Nations Environment Program and UN-HABITAT Centre in Nairobi. In the 1990s, Oded served as Israel's Ambassador in Swaziland and Kenya and as non-resident Ambassador to Lesotho, Zambia, Mauritius and the Seychelles. Between the years 1991-1994, he initiated and conducted the renewal of diplomatic relations with Zambia, Mauritius, Seychelles, Tanzania and Uganda.[9]
Returning the remains of Entebbe hostage Dora Bloch
After the fall of Ugandan dictator Idi Amin in 1979, the Israeli Foreign Ministry asked Oded, who was at the time Israel's ambassador to Kenya, to travel to Uganda to look for the remains of Mrs. Dora Bloch who had been on the plane hijacked by terrorists and forced to land in Entebbe airport in 1976 and who had been murdered while in Mulago Hospital in Kampala by Amin's soldiers and buried secretly in an unknown location. Oded was assisted by the then president of Uganda Yusuf Lule who had formerly been the Deputy Dean of Makerere University. In 1979 Lule informed Oded that they had found Dora Bloch's remains and he invited Oded to come to Uganda to retrieve them. Oded was accompanied by Benny Bloch, the son of Dora Bloch, and the Israeli pathologist Dr. Morris Rogov who identified the remains, which were then brought back to Israel for burial. At the departure ceremony at the airport, Dr. Kayira, the Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs, read a statement on behalf of the President Lule, the Government of Uganda and the people of Uganda, regretting and deploring the "tragic murder" of Dora Bloch. Oded attended the ceremony as the Israel Government Representative.[10]
In year 1995, Oded retired from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and became Senior Lecturer in African Studies at the Universities of Tel-Aviv and Jerusalem. Dr. Oded had written numerous books and research articles on Africa-Israel relations, Islam, Judaism in Africa and the Swahili language.
Public activities
Chairman, Aden Jewry Community in Israel
Founder and Vice-Chairman, Israel - Africa Friendship Association
Published books
Islam in Uganda: Islamization through a Centralized State in Pre-Colonial Africa, Israel Universities Press, Jerusalem, 1974
Judaism in Africa: The Abayudaya of Uganda (Hebrew), Israel-Africa Friendship Association, Jerusalem, 2003
Africa and Israel: A Unique Case of Radical Changes in Israel's Foreign Relations (Hebrew), Magnes Press, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 2011
Judaism in Africa: The Abayudaya of Uganda (translated from the Hebrew and updated), Israel-Africa Friendship Association, Jerusalem, 2013
Africa and Israel: A Unique Case of Radical Changes in Israel's Foreign Policy (translated from the Hebrew and updated). In print.
Africa, the Palestine Liberation Organization and Israel, the Leonard Davis Institute for International Relations, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Policy studies no. 37, 1990
King, N.Q., Kasozi, A., Oded, A. Islam and the Confluence of Religions in Africa, American Academy of Religion, Florida, 1973
Yegar, M., Govrin, Y., Oded, A. (eds.) Ministry of Foreign Affairs – the First Fifty Years (Hebrew), Jerusalem, 2002
^Govrin, Yosef (Spring 2013). "Africa Ve'Israel, Yehudiut Vetahapuhot Be'Yehase Hutz shel Israel [Africa and Israel, A Unique case of Radical Changes in Foreign Policy] by Arye Oded". Jewish Political Studies Review. 25 (1/2). Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs: 120–122. ISSN0792-335X. JSTOR23611137.
^For example, see a detailed article in English: Arye Oded, "The Bayudaya of Uganda, A portrait of an African Jewish Community", Journal of Religion in Africa, Volume VI, pages 167–186
Ronen, Yehudit (2013). "Africa and Israel: A Unique Case of Radical Changes in Israel's Foreign Policy". Hamizrach Hehadash (The New East) Journal (in Hebrew). 52. Open University of Israel, The Middle East and Islamic Studies Association of Israel (MEISHI): 755–758.
