Arverne, Queens

Arverne
Neighborhood of Queens
Arverne-by-the-Sea development
Arverne-by-the-Sea development
Map
Coordinates: 40°35′24″N 73°47′42″W / 40.59°N 73.795°W / 40.59; -73.795
Country United States
State New York
CityNew York City
County/BoroughQueens
Community DistrictQueens 14[1]
Named for"R. Vernam", the signature of Remington Vernam
Population
 (2019)[2]
 • Total
22,074
Race and Ethnicity
 • Black56.8%
 • Hispanic[a]23.3%
 • White11.4%
 • Asian5.3%
 • other3.2%
Economics[2]
 • Median household income$46,819
 • Per capita income$24,201
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Code
11692
Area codes718, 347, 929, and 917

Arverne is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens, on the Rockaway Peninsula. It was initially developed by Remington Vernam, whose signature "R. Vernam" inspired the name of the neighborhood.[3] Arverne extends from Beach 54th Street to Beach 79th Street, along its main thoroughfare Beach Channel Drive, alternatively known as Rev. Joseph H. May Drive.

Arverne is located in Queens Community District 14 and its ZIP Code is 11692.[1] It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 100th Precinct.

History

Original settlement

Overhead view of Arverne

Vernam's original plan was to name the neighborhood Arverne-by-the-Sea. One grandiose plan, influenced by his wife Florence, included a canal running through the neighborhood, reminiscent of the Amstel canal in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. When this plan fell through, the canal right-of-way was converted into a thoroughfare, Amstel Boulevard, which, except for a stub west of Beach 71st Street, was later incorporated into Beach Channel Drive.

Located on the Rockaway Boardwalk, Arverne became well known as a beachfront community with inexpensive summer bungalows, hotels of varying expense and luxury, and amusements and boardwalk concessions. It also attracted year-round residents. On January 3, 1914, a storm devastated the peninsula's neighborhoods and swept the 1,200-seat Arverne Pier Theater out to sea.[4] On June 15, 1922, a fire leveled a large part of Arverne, leaving about 10,000 people homeless, although the neighborhood was quick to rebuild.[5] In 1928, a project to build 5,000 bungalows in Arverne was announced.[6]

Decline

During the 1950s and 1960s, the advent of commercial jet air travel encouraged people to travel to distant destinations during the summer, rather than to local beaches and resorts. As a result, many of Arverne's summer bungalows became vacant. New York City's urban renewal projects of the 1960s leveled most of the summer resorts and some of the residences, many of which had been abandoned.[7][8]

In 1964, the New York City Planning Commission approved the designation of a 302-acre (122 ha) Arverne renewal area.[9] Two years later, the renewal area was expanded by 19 blocks.[10] In expectation of the upcoming urban renewal, vacant bungalows were demolished.[11] However, the renewal project was delayed, and a grand jury was convened to find the causes of the delay.[12] A gap in funding from the U.S. federal government contributed to pressures to cancel the redevelopment.[13] In 1970, the city announced it would develop 970 apartments in Arverne by 1972.[14] By then, only about 100 of the original 900 bungalows remained. Controversy later arose when the city decided to place 100 mobile homes instead of permanent housing for low-income Puerto Ricans.[15] By 1973, Mayor John Lindsay was calling for 500 of 3,650 proposed housing units to be deleted from the Arverne redevelopment plan. As of yet, the 970 apartments in Arverne had not been developed.[16]

When the city re-opened Arverne to redevelopment in 1984, a 123-acre (50 ha) patch of Arverne only contained one structure: PS 106.[8] In 1988, the administration of mayor Ed Koch started asking private developers to build on the site.[17] The Dubos Point Wildlife Sanctuary was designated that year as part of the plans for redevelopment.[18] By 1991, the plans called for the construction of 7,500 apartments over 10 years at a cost of $1.5 billion.[19] Finally, the late 1990s saw construction begin on a 322-unit development of two-family houses, the first such development in the 35-year-old Arverne renewal area.[20] The rest of the area's redevelopment was canceled after an economic downturn in the 1990s. People started dumping garbage in Dubos Point, to the consternation of residents.[18] In 2003, The New York Times wrote:

For nearly four decades, grand plans were offered for the 52-block stretch from Beach 32nd to 84th Streets, between Rockaway Beach Boulevard and the boardwalk. [There was to be] a phalanx of mid- and high-rise condominium and rental apartment buildings, [as well as] more than $1 billion... enclosed amusement area on the Arverne site, to be called Destination Technodome, with rides, movie theaters, an indoor ski slope and a hotel.[21]

Redevelopment

In the early 2000s, Mayor Michael Bloomberg started to revitalize Arverne with new housing and parks.[22] This built upon a movement started in 1999, when 40 houses were built in the portion of the Arverne renewal area between Beach 59th and 61st Streets.[21]

As of 2003, 97 acres (39 ha) of the "Edgemere Urban Renewal Area" was to have 400 houses built within it.[7] Of these, 47 acres (19 ha) would be houses, 35 acres (14 ha) would be a nature preserve, and 15 acres (6.1 ha) would be a segment of preserved dunes on the beach.[23]

Arverne and other parts of the Rockaways increasingly got attention and press as the redevelopment of the beachfront continued.[24] To improve pedestrian accessibility, a section of Rockaway Freeway beneath the station was closed to through traffic[25] and the Beach 67th Street–Gaston Avenue station was renamed Beach 67th Street–Arverne by the Sea as a symbolic recognition of the neighborhood's rebirth as a residential area and a summer waterfront destination.

One of the largest developments, the 2,300-unit Arverne by the Sea, first opened to residents in 2006.[26] Despite an economic downturn in 2008, the $1 billion development was mostly successful, and units sold at prices of up to $1 million.[27] By 2012, Arverne by the Sea was largely developed.[28] New restaurants and retail establishments arrived as part of an effort to make shopping available to local residents at a hub near the Beach 67th Street station.[29][30] Phase I was completed in 2011; Phase II was begun in 2006.[23]

In October 2018, construction began on the Tides development. By mid-2019, Arverne was undergoing gentrification as new businesses were opening in the area, which was still over 60% black and 20% Hispanic/Latino.[31] According to census data from the 2019 American Community Survey, black declined as a percentage of the population to 56.8%.

Education

The New York City Department of Education operates Arverne's public schools. These schools include PS/MS 42 Robert Vernam School and PS 183 Dr. Richard R. Green.

The Queens Public Library operates the Arverne branch at 312 Beach 54th Street.[32]

Housing

  • NYCHA
    • Ocean Bay Houses (Oceanside), formerly Arverne Houses,
    • Ocean Bay Houses (Bayside), formerly Edgemere Houses,
    • Carleton Manor
  • Mitchell-Lama
    • Nordeck Apartments (co-operative)
  • DHCR

Transportation

The New York City Subway's Beach 67th Street and Beach 60th Street stations, served by the A train, are located in Arverne.[33] The Q22, Q52 SBS, QM17 MTA Bus routes also serve the neighborhood.[34]

Parks

The 8.6-acre (3.5 ha) Kohlreiter Square is located on the north side of Rockaway Freeway between Beach 67th and Beach 69th Streets.

There are three wildlife sanctuaries in Arverne, all part of the Gateway National Recreation Area. The Dubos Point Wildlife Sanctuary is northeast of the intersection of Da Costa Avenue and Beach 65th Street, fronting Jamaica Bay. It was acquired in 1988 and named for microbiologist Dr. René Dubos.[35][18] At the northwest corner of Arverne is Brant Point Wildlife Sanctuary, located west of Beach 72nd Street and north of Hillmeyer Avenue on Jamaica Bay. It was transferred to the jurisdiction of the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation in 1992.[36] A third sanctuary, Vernam Barbadoes Preserve, is on Terrapeninsula, a peninsula between two inlets of Jamaica Bay west of Beach 75th Street and north of Amstel Boulevard. It was designated as the "Terrapeninsula Preserve" in 1997, but is commonly referred to as Vernam.[37]

Notes

  1. ^ Hispanic includes respondents of any race. Other categories are non-Hispanic.

References

  1. ^ a b "NYC Planning | Community Profiles". communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. Archived from the original on June 22, 2019. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
  2. ^ a b "Census profile: 11692". Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved January 10, 2022.
  3. ^ Vandam, Jeff (February 13, 2005). "On the Beach, a Brand New Life". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 7, 2014. Retrieved October 2, 2007. His wife names the area Arverne because he signs his checks R. Vernam
  4. ^ The Wave of Long Island, January 10, 1914, p. 1
  5. ^ "400 Buildings Burned at Arverne; 10,000 Made Homeless; 60 Injured, Loss $4,000,000 in Half Square Mile". The New York Times. June 16, 1922. Archived from the original on July 27, 2018. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
  6. ^ "Arverne Projects Are Announced". The New York Times. July 27, 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  7. ^ a b "Nathan Kensinger Photography". kensinger.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on March 29, 2015. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
  8. ^ a b Sherman, Mark (March 11, 1984). "City Opens Its Biggest Plot, in Arverne, to Development". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  9. ^ "Arverne Area for Renewal". The New York Times. November 26, 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  10. ^ "Renewal Expansion Sought for Arverne". The New York Times. December 26, 1966. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  11. ^ Johnston, Laurie (September 29, 1973). "Eroded Rockaway Is Hoping for a Revival". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  12. ^ Roberts, Steven V. (December 8, 1966). "Deteriorating Arverne Awaiting Urban Renewal; Grand Jury Is Investigating Delays in Improving Area, an Old Vacation Spot". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  13. ^ Bennett, Charles G. (January 15, 1967). "Delay in U.S. Funds Affects City Realty Projects; Arverne Extension Barred --Razing Plan Slowed U.S. FUNDS TARDY, PROJECTS SLOWED". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  14. ^ "Ărverne Housing Beset by Delays". The New York Times. December 20, 1970. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  15. ^ Weisman, Steven R. (April 18, 1971). "Arverne Mirrors Renewal Woe". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  16. ^ "City Offers Proposals To Upgrade Rockaways". The New York Times. November 18, 1973. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  17. ^ Oser, Alan S. (November 20, 1988). "PERSPECTIVES: The Arverne Plan; Oceanfront Site Terms Challenge Builders". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  18. ^ a b c Day, Sherri (July 9, 2000). "NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: ARVERNE; Wildlife Refuge Becomes a Battleground for Humans". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  19. ^ Fried, Joseph P. (March 7, 1991). "After 20 Lost Years, Arverne Skeptically Awaits Renewal". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  20. ^ Oser, Alan S. (February 9, 1997). "The New Approach in Arverne: Incrementalism". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  21. ^ a b Steven Hevesi (December 7, 2003). "In Rockaways, a Tide Is Coming In". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 3, 2015. Retrieved February 2, 2015.
  22. ^ "Bloomberg's Big Day In Rockaway" (PDF). The Wave. November 10, 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 23, 2014. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
  23. ^ a b Large-Scale Development: Arverne Archived February 3, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, nyc.gov
  24. ^ "Top 10 neighborhoods for real estate investment". New York Daily News. August 10, 2012. Archived from the original on September 24, 2012. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
  25. ^ Rockaway Wave Editorial “Closing Rockaway Freeway a Plus for Rockaway” December 24, 2004 http://www.rockawave.com/news/2004-12-24/Editorial/035.html Archived 2016-11-04 at the Wayback Machine
  26. ^ Vandam, Jeff (June 25, 2006). "Waiting for High Tide". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  27. ^ Hughes, C. J. (September 12, 2008). "Sitting Pretty by the Sea". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  28. ^ "Rockaway Beach becomes 'Hipster Hamptons". Newsday. August 13, 2012. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
  29. ^ "Arverne Amenities Lost At Sea?" Archived 2019-07-27 at the Wayback Machine, The Wave, August 14, 2009. Accessed January 8, 2024.
  30. ^ "Super Stop And Shop Takes Shape" Archived 2019-08-17 at the Wayback Machine, The Wave, April 16, 2010. Accessed January 8, 2024. "The Super Stop and Shop at Arverne By The Sea is beginning to take shape as construction continues at the site on Rockaway Beach Boulevard and Beach 73 Street. The eagerly anticipated supermarket is expected to be completed in time for Thanksgiving. The store will be built in conjunction with a new retail transit hub at the Beach 67 Street train station."
  31. ^ Branch, Kate (May 17, 2019). "Are Surfer Cafes and Green Markets What a Working-Class Beach Neighborhood Needs?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  32. ^ "Branch Detailed Info: Arverne". Queens Public Library. Archived from the original on October 16, 2019. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
  33. ^ "Subway Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. September 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  34. ^ "Queens Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. August 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  35. ^ "Dubos Point Wildlife Sanctuary Highlights : NYC Parks". www.nycgovparks.org. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  36. ^ "Brant Point Wildlife Sanctuary Highlights : NYC Parks". www.nycgovparks.org. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  37. ^ "Vernam Barbadoes Peninsula Highlights : NYC Parks". www.nycgovparks.org. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.

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