Singh began his career with the AIFF Elite Academy, playing in various competitions.[1] On 1 November 2015, He joined Minerva Academy FC who were about to participate in I-League 2nd Division.[2][3] On 11 December 2015, he made his professional debut against PIFA Sports FC in a western conference game. He kept his first professional cleansheet as the match ended in a 3–0 win.[4]
He started in all final round games and kept three cleansheets as Minerva finished second after a 3–1 loss to Dempo SC.[5]
2016—18: Durand Cup and I-League Debut
He made his Durand Cup debut on 30 August 2016 where despite a 2–0 loss to Gangtok Himalayan SC he managed to impress.[6] He also played the next game which ended in a 3–0 loss to Indian Navy.[7] He missed next three games due to a sudden illness.[8] Despite finishing second in I-League 2 Minerva were promoted to I-League after Dempo SC withdrew.
[9][10]
On 21 January 2017, Singh made his I-League debut against Shillong Lajong. He started and played the full match as Minerva lost 2–1.[11] He started only in four games conceding six goals with no cleansheets.
In 2017–18 I-League season, he was again a backup keeper making only three starts but helped Minerva win their first ever I-League title.[12][13] This was young Arshdeep and Minerva Punjab's first ever major trophy
[14]
2018—19: AFC Cup and Departure
On 22 September 2018, he extended his contract for another season.[15] He started the season in a 2–2 draw against Shillong Lajong.[16] He started in eight games keeping two cleansheets with Minerva finishing ninth in the league. Since, Minerva were winners of previous I-League season they qualified for 2019 AFC Champions League qualifying play-offs. However, he was on the bench in the 4–0 loss to Iranian club Saipa FC in preliminary round 2.[17]
As a result, Minerva qualified to play in AFC Cup group stage. On 3 April 2019, he made his continental debut in the first game against Chennaiyin FC which ended in a 0–0 stalemate.[18] After being benched for next game, he played in next two games against Manang Marshyangdi Club which both ended in a draw.[19][20] He suffered a nose injury in the next game against Chennaiyin after colliding with C. K. Vineeth which made him being substituted off in the 11th minute in an eventual 1–1 draw.[21] Hence, he missed the last game against Abahani Limited Dhaka, the same game where he was benched.[22]
Odisha FC
On 19 July 2019, he joined newly rebranded Odisha FC on a 3-year deal.[23] He made his debut on 26 October 2019 in a 2–1 loss to NorthEast United FC which was also his ISL debut.[24] He made thirty three appearances for Odisha during his three seasons all coming in league but managing to keep only five cleansheets and Odisha even finished last in 2020-21 ISL season when he was the first choice keeper.[25]
FC Goa
2022—23: Super Cup Debut
On 30 June 2022, FC Goa completed the signing of Arshdeep Singh on a two-year deal.[26] On 21 October 2022, he made his debut for Goa coming as a fifty-ninth-minute substitute for Dheeraj Singh who suffered a head injury in a 2–0 win over Chennaiyin FC.[27] He started in the next game against Hyderabad FC which ended in a 1–0 loss.[28] He made his Super Cup debut on 10 April 2023 in a 5–3 loss to Jamshedpur FC.[29] But managed to keep cleansheets in next two games against Gokulam Kerala and Mohun Bagan which both ended in a 1–0 win.[30][31]
2023—24
He started the next season with a cleansheet in 6–0 hammering over Shillong Lajong in Durand Cup.[32] He also started in the first game of 2023—24 ISL against his former club and newly promoted Punjab FC and managed another cleansheet in a 1–0 win.[33]
2024—25
On 26 June, Arshdeep extended his contract till the end of the 2025—26 season.[34] He started the season with a cleansheet against A-League side Brisbane Roar in a 1-0 victory at 2024 Bandodkar Trophy.[35]