Arnold Eucken

Arnold Eucken
Eucken, c. 1905
Born3 July 1884 (1884-07-03)
Jena, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Died16 June 1950 (1950-06-17) (aged 65)
Seebruck, West Germany
NationalityGerman
Scientific career
Doctoral advisorWalther Nernst
Doctoral studentsManfred Eigen

Arnold Thomas Eucken (3 July 1884 – 16 June 1950) was a German chemist and physicist. He examined the energy states of the Hydrogen atom and contributed to knowledge of the atomic structure. He also contributed to chemical engineering and process control through physical chemistry measurements for applications in industry.

Career

Eucken was born in Jena, son of the philosopher and later Nobel Prize winner Rudolf Eucken in Jena. A maternal great grandfather was the physicist Thomas Seebeck. His brother Walter became an economist. He went to the humanist high school in Jena and studied Physics and Mathematics at the universities of Kiel, Jena and Berlin. In 1905 he began to work in Berlin under Walther Nernst on the energy states of hydrogen and received a doctorate in 1906. He examined the heat of rotation of hydrogen molecules using the vacuum calorimeter. He habilitated in 1911[1] and after the turbulent Turko-Italian war period he joined back in 1915 Eucken at the Technische Hochschule Breslau, and from 1930 at the University of Göttingen as a successor of Gustav Tammann. After "the seizure of power" of the National Socialists, Eucken became a member of the NSDAP in 1933. A major contribution was a "Textbook of Chemical Physics" first published in 1930.[2][3]

Contributions

Eucken made important contributions within physical and technical chemistry. He concentrated on specific heat at very low temperatures, the structure of liquids and electrolytic solutions, the molecular physics (rotation, oscillation), on deuterium and heavy water, on homogeneous and heterogeneous gas kinetics, catalysis, chemical engineering and chemical technology.

Death

Eucken killed himself in Seebruck on 16 June 1950.[4]

See also

References

  1. ^ http://www.chemgeo.uni-jena.de/chegemedia/Fakult%C3%A4t/Geschichte/Chemiehistorische+Notizen/14_3+Arnold+Eucken.pdf Archived 2018-03-01 at the Wayback Machine (in german)
  2. ^ Wicke, E. (1984). "Arnold Thomas Eucken, Pionier der Chemischen Verfahrenstechnik". Naturwissenschaften (in German). 71 (9): 439–445. Bibcode:1984NW.....71..439W. doi:10.1007/BF00455896. ISSN 0028-1042. S2CID 46537916.
  3. ^ Franck, Ulrich (1959). "Eucken, Arnold". Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German). Vol. 4. p. 670.
  4. ^ Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Zweite aktualisierte Auflage, Frankfurt am Main 2005, S. 140.


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