Argo (NASA spacecraft)

*Argo*
Spacecraft properties

Mission type	Reconnaissance Multiple flyby Outer planets Kuiper belt exploration
Operator	NASA


Power	RTG (proposed)


Start of mission
Launch date	Launch window: 2020s


Flyby of Neptune, Triton, and one KBO
Closest approach	Neptune: 8-11 years after launch.^[1] KBO: an additional 3-5 years^[1]

Argo was a 2009 spacecraft mission concept by NASA to the outer planets and beyond.^[1]^[2]^[3] The concept included flybys of Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and a Kuiper belt object.^[1] A focus on Neptune and its largest moon Triton would have helped answer some of the questions generated by Voyager 2's flyby in 1989,^[1] and would have provided clues to ice giant formation and evolution.^[2]

Mission

The Argo mission was meant to compete for the New Frontiers mission 4 (~$650M). One of the reasons Argo was not formally proposed was the shortage of plutonium-238 for the required radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) for electric power.^[4] The current launch window for this mission had been particularly favorable. It opened in 2015 and lasted through the end of 2019, so future missions would need to be redesigned for the relevant planetary alignments.^[4]

It was noted that although it offered a Neptune mission at the price of New Frontier's budget, it would be flyby only, limiting the amount of time at Neptune and Triton compared to an orbiter.^[5] However, the advantage would be access to a wide variety of Kuiper belt objects by using a gravity assist at Neptune, which would allow a wide range of objects to potentially be targeted.^[5] In addition, with a flyby of Jupiter and Saturn, the Planetary Society compared the mission to Voyager 2.^[5]

Itinerary

During its flybys of the giant planets, there would have been potentially well over 100 other moons that could have been studied, and beyond Neptune, the possibility of visiting Kuiper belt objects.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Hansen, C. J.; et al. (27 August 2009). "Neptune Science with Argo – A Voyage through the Outer Solar System". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.439.5280. A launch opportunity to the outer Solar System via Neptune opens in 2015 and lasts through the end of 2019, with backup options in 2020. It allows trajectories with reasonably short trip times to Neptune (8-11 years) and the Kuiper Belt (an additional 3-5 years), as well as low Triton approach speeds <17 km/sec.
^ ^a ^b "Argo: Exploring the Neptune System and Beyond" (PDF). EPSC Abstracts. European Planetary Science Congress. 2009. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
^ White Paper: Argo Mission to Neptune, Triton, and a KBO. Future Planetary Exploration, 30 August 2009.
^ ^a ^b Betz, Eric (24 August 2015). "NASA's next big spacecraft mission could visit an ice giant". Astronomy Magazine. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
^ ^a ^b ^c "A launch to Neptune in 2019?". www.planetary.org. Retrieved 2018-01-21.

External links

Future Planetary Exploration - Argo

Neptune

Outline of Neptune

Geography

Moons

Astronomy

Discovery	Urbain Le Verrier Johann Gottfried Galle John Couch Adams Heinrich Louis d'Arrest William Lassell
General	Kuiper belt Neptune-crossing minor planets
Trojans	385571 Otrera 385695 Clete 2001 QR322 2004 KV18 2005 TN53 2006 RJ103 2007 VL305 2008 LC18 2011 HM102

Exploration

Past	Voyager 2 (1989 flyby)
Proposals	Shensuo Neptune Odyssey ODINUS Triton Hopper Trident
Not selected	Argo Mariner Mark II New Horizons 2

NASA

Policy and history

History
(creation)

NACA (1915)
National Aeronautics and Space Act (1958)
Space Task Group (1958)
Paine (1986)
Rogers (1986)
Ride (1987)
Space Exploration Initiative (1989)
Augustine (1990)
U.S. National Space Policy (1996)
CFUSAI (2002)
CAIB (2003)
Vision for Space Exploration (2004)
Aldridge (2004)
Augustine (2009)

General

Human spaceflight
programs

Past	X-15 (suborbital) Mercury Gemini Apollo Skylab Apollo–Soyuz (with the Soviet space program) Space Shuttle Shuttle–Mir (with Roscosmos State Corporation) Constellation
Current	International Space Station Commercial Orbital Transportation Services Commercial Crew Orion Artemis Lunar Gateway

Robotic programs

Past	Hitchhiker Mariner Mariner Mark II MESUR Mars Surveyor '98 New Millennium Lunar Orbiter Pioneer Planetary Observer Ranger Surveyor Viking Project Prometheus Mars Exploration Mars Exploration Rover
Current	Living With a Star Lunar Precursor Robotic Program Earth Observing System Great Observatories program Explorers Voyager Discovery New Frontiers Solar Terrestrial Probes Commercial Lunar Payload Services SIMPLEx

Individual featured
missions
(human and robotic)

Past	Apollo 11 COBE Mercury 3 Mercury-Atlas 6 Magellan Pioneer 10 Pioneer 11 Galileo timeline GALEX GRAIL WMAP Space Shuttle Spitzer Space Telescope Sojourner rover Spirit rover LADEE MESSENGER Aquarius Cassini Dawn Kepler space telescope Opportunity rover timeline observed RHESSI InSight Ingenuity helicopter flights
Currently operating	Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 2001 Mars Odyssey New Horizons International Space Station Hubble Space Telescope Swift THEMIS Mars Exploration Rover Curiosity rover timeline GOES 14 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter GOES 15 Van Allen Probes Solar Dynamics Observatory Juno Mars Science Laboratory timeline NuSTAR Voyager 1 Voyager 2 WISE MAVEN MMS OSIRIS-REx Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite Mars 2020 Perseverance rover timeline James Webb Space Telescope timeline PACE Europa Clipper
Future	NISAR Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope DAVINCI VERITAS

Communications
and navigation

NASA lists

NASA images
and artwork

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