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False Apollo
Conservation status
	; Near Threatened (IUCN 2.3)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Genus:	Archon
Species:	A. apollinus
Binomial name
	Archon apollinus; (Herbst, 1789)

Archon apollinus, the false Apollo, is a species of butterfly belonging to the Parnassinae subfamily.

The species is found in Central and Eastern Europe and West Asia. They are found in Greece, Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Israel and Lebanon, and like others of the family show considerable variation with four or five subspecies. A morphologically similar species Archon apollinaris has been recently separated and has been found to be sympatric and reproductively isolated.

Description in Seitz

apollinus. D- apollinus HIM. (= pythius Esp., thia Hubn) (10 c) is on the forewing rather densely pencilled transversely on a grey ground, the male being occasionally marked with a little red; hindwing chalky-white in fresh specimens, yellowish in worn ones, the dark border bearing reddish spots centred with blue. female darker, stouter, pencilled also on the hindwing, here and there irrorated with red. Western and south- western districts of Asia Minor, transitional forms also in Syria and Mesopotamia. Among the ordinary form there occurs, especially in southern districts (Aintab), the female-ab. rubra Stgr: (10 d), which has the hindwing strongly marked with red, the red colour being concentrated into spots at the base: ab. krystallina Schilde (10 b) is on the contrary distinguished by sparsely scaled transparent wings bearing few markings, such individuals occurring everywhere among the ordinary form. — An especially strongly coloured form in which the dark submarginal costal marking of the forewing is intensified, forming a spot, and in which the marginal band of the hindwing is broad, being much shaded with bhie and red, is known as bellargus Stgr.(10 c), the base of the hindwing being non-pencilled in the female and never flushed with red. Syria (Kessab) and in an almost identical form in Palestine, in the Cilician Taurus a form transitional to the first described one being found. — amasina Stgr. (10 d) is less intensely marked, being recognizable especially by the hindwing bearing a black hook-spot at the apex of the cell; Pontus (Amasia) and East Kurdistan. — In the North-East of Asia Minor, Goman Olti (Pontus, at an altitude of about 1500 m), and in Armenia a usually smaller, pale and in both sexes sparsely marked mountain-form occurs, which is moreover characterized by a reduced marginal band of the hindwing; this is apollinaris Stgr. (= pallidior Spuler) [now species Archon apollinaris] (lOd); a dwarfed form of the female which is very deeply coloured in contrast to the ordinary form of the female of this subspecies may be called female-ab. mardina (Stgr. i. I.), under which name it is already known in collections. ^[2] Older individuals often lose their scales, especially on the forewings, and appear very transparent.

Biology

The larvae feed on species of Aristolochia including A. poecilantha, A. parviflora, A. bodamae, A. hirta, A. bottae, A. auricularia, A. rotunda, A. sempervirens, A. maurorum and A. billardieri.

Gallery

A. a. apollinus, male - Turkey, MHNT
A. a. apollinus male, bottom - Turkey, MHNT
A. a. apollinus female - Turkey, MHNT
A. a. apollinus female, bottom - Turkey, MHNT
A. a. bellargus - Adana, Turkey

A rubra specimen - Aintab, Turkey, Ulster Museum
Female - Beirut
Male - Beirut
Race amasina - Amasya, Turkey
Race krystallina - Jerusalem
Larva in Jerusalem

Pupa

Footage of false Apollo

References

^ Gimenez Dixon, M. (1996). "Archon apollinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T171925A6809917. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T171925A6809917.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
^ Seitz. A. in Seitz, A. ed. Band 1: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen Tagfalter, 1909, 379 Seiten, mit 89 kolorierten Tafeln (3470 Figuren) This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

Nazari, Vazrick and Carbonell, Frédéric. 2006. Archon apollinus (Herbst, 1789). Version 7 July 2006 (under construction). [1] in The Tree of Life Web Project, [2]