Aratinga

Aratinga
Sun parakeet (Aratinga solstitialis)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Psittacidae
Tribe: Arini
Genus: Aratinga
Spix, 1824
Type species
Psittacus luteus[1] = Psittacus solstitialis
Boddaert, 1783
Species

Aratinga solstitialis
Aratinga maculata
Aratinga jandaya
Aratinga auricapilla
Aratinga nenday
Aratinga weddellii

Aratinga is a genus of South American conures. Most are predominantly green, although a few are predominantly yellow or orange. They are social and commonly seen in groups in the wild. In Brazil, the popular name of several species usually is jandaia, sometimes written as jandaya in the scientific form.

Many species from this genus are popular pets, although being larger than the members of the genus Pyrrhura, they need a sizable aviary to thrive.

Taxonomy

The genus Aratinga was introduced in 1824 by the German naturalist Johann Baptist von Spix.[2] The type species was subsequently designated as the sun parakeet.[3][4] The genus name is from the extinct Tupi language of Brasil. Ará tinga means "bright bird" or "bright parrot".[5]

The taxonomy of this genus has recently been resolved by splitting it in four genera, as the genus as previously defined was paraphyletic.[6][7][8][9][10] The species of the Aratinga solstitialis complex[7][8] were retained in this genus, while other former Aratinga species were moved to Eupsittula (brownish-throated species), Psittacara (pale-beaked species) and Thectocercus (blue-crowned parakeet).[6] Furthermore, the closely related nanday parakeet (A. nenday) and the dusky-headed parakeet (A. weddellii) are placed in this genus. The nanday parakeet was previously placed in its own genus based on the differences in coloration and elongated upper mandible, but this was not supported by phylogenetic studies that showed a close relationship with the A. solstitialis species complex.[6]

Species

Aratinga
Common and binomial names[11] Image Description Native Range
Sun parakeet
or sun conure
(Aratinga solstitialis)
30 cm (11 in) long. Mostly yellow, fading to orange over the head and belly. Yellow, green in the wing featuring cobalt-blue to blue-violet flight feathers and tail feathers. Black beak. South America[12][13]
Sulphur-breasted parakeet
(Aratinga maculata)
Brazil and Suriname.[14][15]
Jandaya parakeet
or jenday conure
(Aratinga jandaya)
Orange and yellow with green wings and back. Black beak. Brazil[16][17]
Golden-capped parakeet
(Aratinga auricapillus)
30 cm (12 in) long. Mostly green. Black beak. Orange-red belly, red face fading to yellow over the crown.[18] Brazil[19]
Dusky-headed parakeet
Weddell's conure or
dusky-headed conure
(Aratinga weddellii)
25–28 cm (10–11 in). Mostly green. Black beak. A grey-brown head, a blue-tipped tail and remiges. Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru[20][21]
Nanday parakeet
(Aratinga nenday)
Mostly green. Black facial mask and beak. Black trailing flight feathers on wings and long tail edged at the end in blue. Upper chest is bluish-green and lower chest is a paler green. Feathers covering the thighs red.

.

southeast Bolivia to southwest Brazil, central Paraguay and northern Argentina.[22][23]
Aratinga vorohuensis
 extinct. Described from Late Pliocene fossils found in Argentina.[24]

Hypothetical extinct species

Jean-Baptiste Labat described a population of small parrots living on Guadeloupe, which has been postulated to be a separate species based on little evidence. They were called Conurus labati, and are now referred to as the Guadeloupe parakeet (Aratinga labati). No specimens or remains of the extinct parrots are known. Their taxonomy may never be fully elucidated, so their postulated status as a separate species is hypothetical, and it is regarded as a hypothetical extinct species.[25]

References

  1. ^ "Psittacidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  2. ^ von Spix, Johann Baptist (1824). Avium species novae, quas Brasiliam anus MDCCCXVII - MDCCCXX (in Latin). Vol. 1. Monachii [Munich]: Franc. Seraph. Hübschmanni. p. 29.
  3. ^ Gray, George Robert (1855). Catalogue of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds Contained in the British Museum. London: British Museum. p. 87.
  4. ^ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1937). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 3. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 185.
  5. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 53. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  6. ^ a b c Remsen, J.V. Jr.; Schirtzinger, E.E.; Ferraroni, A.; Silveira, L.F.; Wright, T.F. (2013). "DNA-sequence data require revision of the parrot genus Aratinga (Aves: Psittacidae)". Zootaxa. 3641 (3): 296–300. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3641.3.9. PMID 26287088.
  7. ^ a b Ribas, Camila C.; Miyaki, Cristina Y. (2004). "Molecular systematics in Aratinga parakeets: species limits and historical biogeography in the 'solstitialis' group, and the systematic position of Nandayus nenday". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30 (3): 663–75. Bibcode:2004MolPE..30..663R. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00223-9. PMID 15012946.
  8. ^ a b Silverira, L.; Höfling, E. (2005). "A new species of Aratinga Parakeet (Psittaformes: Psittacidae) from Brazil, with taxonomical remarks on the Aratinga solstitialis complex". The Auk. 122 (1): 292–305. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0292:ANSOAP]2.0.CO;2.
  9. ^ Tavares ES; Baker AJ; Pereira SL; Miyaki CY (2006). "Phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of Neotropical parrots (Psittaciformes : Psittacidae : Arini) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences". Systematic Biology. 55 (3): 454–470. doi:10.1080/10635150600697390. PMID 16861209.
  10. ^ Collar, N.J. (1997). J. del Hoyo; A. Elliot; J. Sargatal (eds.). Family Psittacidae. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 4. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 280–479.
  11. ^ "Zoological Nomenclature Resource: Psittaciformes (Version 9.013)". www.zoonomen.net. 2008-12-29.
  12. ^ "Sun Parakeet - BirdLife Species Factsheet". BirdLife International (2008). Retrieved 3 January 2009.
  13. ^ BirdLife International 2008. Aratinga solstitialis. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived June 27, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ "Sulphur-breasted Parakeet - BirdLife Species Factsheet". BirdLife International (2008). Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  15. ^ BirdLife International 2008. Aratinga maculata. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived June 27, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ "Jandaya Parakeet - BirdLife Species Factsheet". BirdLife International (2008). Retrieved 3 January 2009.
  17. ^ BirdLife International 2008. Aratinga jandaya. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived June 27, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ "Golden-capped Parakeet - BirdLife Species Factsheet". BirdLife International (2008). Retrieved 3 January 2009.
  19. ^ BirdLife International 2008. Aratinga auricapillus. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived June 27, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ "Dusky-headed Parakeet - BirdLife Species Factsheet". BirdLife International (2008). Retrieved 3 January 2009.
  21. ^ BirdLife International 2008. Aratinga weddellii. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived June 27, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ "Nanday Parakeet - BirdLife Species Factsheet". BirdLife International (2008). Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  23. ^ BirdLife International 2008. Aratinga nenday. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived June 27, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ Eduardo P. Tonni & Jorge I. Noriega (1996). "Una nueva especia de Nandayus Bonaparte, 1854 (Aves: Psittaciformes) del Pliocene tardío de Argentina" [A new species of Nandayus Bonaparte (Aves: Psittaciformes) from the Late Pliocene of Argentina] (PDF). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural (in Spanish). 69: 97–104.
  25. ^ Fuller, Errol (1987). Extinct Birds. Penguin Books (England). p. 131. ISBN 978-0-670-81787-0.

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