Anton Praetorius

Lippstadt

Anton Praetorius (1560 – 6 December 1613) was a German Calvinist pastor who spoke out against the persecution of witches (witchhunts, witchcraft trials) and against torture.[1]

Life and writings

Persecution of witches

Praetorius was born in Lippstadt as the son of Matthes Schulze.[2][3][better source needed] He later changed his name to the Latin Praetorius. He studied theology and became principal of the humanistic Latin school in Kamen, Westphalia. There, he married, but his wife Maria died of the plague. They had one child, Johannes.

Heidelberg Castle Wine Barrel

As the first Calvinist pastor in the parish of Dittelsheim, he undertook a trip to Heidelberg, the centre of Calvinist theology in Germany. Praetorius was so impressed by the Great Wine Barrel in Heidelberg Castle that he published a poem with the title "Vas Heidelbergense" in October 1595, praising its size as an apparent proof of the superiority of the Calvinist religion.

In his poem on Wolfgang Ernst, Count of Ysenburg, Büdingen and Birstein ("De pii magistratus officio"), he asked the Christian governments for a reformation of nation and church along the principles of the Bible and the Calvinist faith. Subsequently, the count called him as a princely preacher to his castle in Birstein near Frankfurt.

In the town of Birstein, Praetorius published church songs, a catechism, and a book for families about Christian education in 1597. In 1602, he made a contribution to the discussion about the interpretation of the Last Supper and the Sacraments in his book De Sacrosanctis novi foederis Jesu Christi.

Fight against the persecution of witches

Praetorius Bericht Zauberey 1602

In 1597 Praetorius was appointed as pastor to the Count of Büdingen/ Ysenburg in Birstein and had to witness the torture of 4 women accused of witchcraft.

File Birstein Witchcraft Trial 1597

According to the court records, Reverend Praetorius was so upset about the torture of the accused women that he pressed for a stop in the trial against the last surviving woman. His protest against the torture can be found in the record of the witch-trial of Birstein 1597: "As the pastor has violently protested against the torture of the women, it has therefore been stopped this time." As a consequence Anton Praetorius was dismissed by the count.

In his new parochy in Laudenbach near Heidelberg he wrote the book Gründlicher Bericht über Zauberey und Zauberer (Thorough Report about Witchcraft and Witches) to protest against torture and the prosecution of witches. At first he published the book in 1598 under the name of his son Johannes Schulze ("Johannes Scultetus"). In 1602 he dared to publish the book under his own name. The book was published again in 1613 and posthumously in 1629.

Praetorius was one of the first to describe the terrible situation of the prisoners and to protest against torture, and with his "Bericht" Praetorius publicly objected to the prevailing attitude in the church (a view held by Roman Catholics as well as Protestants such as Martin Luther and John Calvin) on the torture and burning of witches. Praetorius died in Laudenbach.

Publications (German and Latin)

Laudenbach House of the Pastor
  • Vas Heidelbergense, Heidelberg, October 1595 (Poem about the 1. Great Wine Barrel in the Castle of Heidelberg. Only one remaining print, translated into German by Burghard Schmanck)
  • De pii magistratus officio (Poem on Wolfgang Ernst, Earl of Ysenburg, Büdingen and Birstein). Heidelberg, Printed by Christoph Löw, 1596 (Only one remaining print, translated into German by Burghard Schmanck)
  • Hauptstück (catechism) Christlicher Religion sampt den gemeinesten Gebetlein/ und etlichen Fragen. Printed in Lich by Nicolaum Erbenium. 1597. Only one remaining print, fragment
  • Haußgespräch, darinn kurtz doch klärlich vnd gründlich begriffen wirdt, was zu wahrer Christlicher Bekanntnuß auch Gottseligem Wandel ... zu wissen von nöhten, (conversation in the family about Christian education) Printed in Lich 1597
  • Gründlicher Bericht von Zauberey und Zauberern/ darinn dieser grausamen Menschen feindtseliges und schändliches Vornemen/ und wie Christlicher Obrigkeit ihnen Zubegegnen/ ihr Werck zuhindern/ auffzuheben und zu Straffen / gebüre und wol möglich sey... kurtz und ordentlich erkläret. (Thorough Report about Witchcraft and Witches) By Joannem Scultetum Westphalo camensem. (Johannes Scultetum is a pseudonym of Anton Praetorius) printed in Lich by Nicolas Erbenis. 1598
  • Clarissimo juris utriusque Doctori Domino Jano Grutero Sponso. Poem for the wedding of Jan Gruter, (translated into German by Burghard Schmanck) 1601 (Only one remaining print)
  • Gründlicher Bericht von Zauberey und Zauberern: kurtz und ordentlich erkläret durch Antonium Praetorium, (Thorough Report about Witchcraft and Witches) printed in Lich/ 1602
  • De Sacrosanctis novi foederis Jesu Christi (about the sacraments) printed by Wolgangus Kezelius and Conradus Nebenius, Lich 1602
  • Nemo Ad Desideratissimas 15. Iunii.,1613 (Poem for a wedding of a pastor) Lancellotus Heidelberg (only one remaining print)
  • Von Zauberey und Zauberern/ Gründlicher Bericht, (Thorough Report about Witchcraft and Witches) printed 1613 in Heidelberg by Johann Lancellot/ Andreae Cambier.
  • Gründlicher Bericht, (Thorough Report about Witchcraft and Witches) printed 1629 in Frankfurt am Main by Johann Niclas Stoltzenbergern/ Johann Carl Unckels
  • several handwritten letters

Tributes

Inauguration of a street name for Anton Praetorius in Lippstadt/ Germany on May 7, 2015

The church of Laudenbach displays a plaque in memory of Praetorius[4] and on May 7, 2015 the city of Lippstadt named a path in his honor.

References

  1. ^ Williams, Gerhild S. (2013). "Demonologies". In Levack, Brian P. (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe and Colonial America. Oxford University Press. p. 79. ISBN 9780199578160.
  2. ^ Hartmut Hegeler: Anton Praetorius, Kämpfer gegen Hexenprozesse und Folter, (fighter against the persecution of witches and against torture) Unna, 2002
  3. ^ de:Anton Praetorius.
  4. ^ apfan11 (11 November 2013). "Laudenbach Gedenkstein Anton Praetorius". Archived from the original on 2021-12-12 – via YouTube.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

Bibliography (in German)

  • Hartmut Hegeler: Anton Praetorius, Kämpfer gegen Hexenprozesse und Folter, (fighter against the persecution of witches and against torture) Unna, 2002 ISBN 3-9808969-4-3
  • Hartmut Hegeler und Stefan Wiltschko: Anton Praetorius und das 1. Große Fass von Heidelberg, (the 1. Great Wine Barrel in the Castle of Heidelberg) Unna, 2003 ISBN 3-9808969-0-0
  • Anton Praetorius, De Sacrosanctis Sacramentis novi foederis Jesu Christi, Eine reformatorische Sakramentenlehre von 1602 über die hochheiligen Sakramente des Neuen Bundes Jesu Christi (teachings about the sacraments) Lateinische Originalschrift (the original writing in Latin with a translation into German, translated by Burghard Schmanck), herausgegeben und übersetzt von Burghard Schmanck, Bautz Verlag, Nordhausen 2010, ISBN 978-3-88309-550-9

Read other articles:

Ada usul agar Truro, Inggris diganti judulnya dan dipindahkan ke Truru (Diskusikan). Untuk pengertian lain, lihat Truro. Katedral Truro Truru, atau juga dieja Truro, ialah ibu kota Kernow, Inggris. Kota ini terletak di tengah Kernow, di mana Sungai Kenwyn dan Allen bertemu. Pada abad ke-12 di tempat ini ada kastel dan tempat tinggal. Nama Truru berasal dari bahasa Kernowek tri-veru, yang berarti tiga sungai. Kota ini berpenduduk 20.920 jiwa (2001), dan tempat ini terkenal akan katedralnya...

 

Bupati DharmasrayaPetahanaSutan Riska Tuanku Kerajaansejak 26 Februari 2021Masa jabatan5 tahun (definitif)Dibentuk2004Pejabat pertamaMarlon MartuaSitus webPemkab Dharmasraya Berikut ini adalah daftar Bupati Dharmasraya sejak pemerintahan resmi berjalan pada 10 Januari 2004.[1] No Bupati Mulai Menjabat Selesai Menjabat Periode Ket. Wakil Bupati * Ahmad Munawar 10 Januari 2004 14 Mei 2004 * Penjabat Bupati[2][3] Meninggal dunia saat menjabat lowong * Asrul Syukur 14...

 

Malkat HayofiTanggal pendirian1950; 74 tahun lalu (1950)TipeKontes KecantikanKantor pusatTel AvivLokasi IsraelJumlah anggota Miss UniverseBahasa resmi IbraniDirekturIris CohenSitus webmissisrael.ynet.co.ilMiss Israel (bahasa Ibrani: מלכת היופי Malkat HaYofi, lit. The Beauty Queen) adalah kontes kecantikan nasional di Israel. Sejarah Pada akhir 1920-an, Kontes Kecantikan Ratu Esther diadakan di Tel Aviv yang berpusat pada liburan Purim. Kontes Miss Israel pertama berlangsung...

British politician The Right HonourableThe Lord Stanley of AlderleyPCThe 2nd Baron of Alderley, c. 1865 Ministerial offices Postmaster GeneralIn office17 August 1860 – 26 June 1866Prime MinisterThe Viscount Palmerston The Earl RussellPreceded byThe Earl of ElginSucceeded byThe Duke of MontrosePresident of the Board of TradeIn office31 March 1855 – 21 February 1858Prime MinisterThe Viscount PalmerstonPreceded byEdward CardwellSucceeded byJoseph Warner HenleyPaymaste...

 

Hybridised offspring Boar–pig hybrid A male boar-pig hybrid Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Suidae Subfamily: Suinae Genus: Sus Species: S. scrofa × S. domesticus Boar–pig hybrid is a hybridized offspring of a cross between the Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) and any domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus). Feral hybrids exist throughout Eurasia, the Americas, Australia, and in other place...

 

نكسس 7 (2013)asus-flo الشعارمعلومات عامةالنوع لوحيالصانع أسوسالمطور جوجل عائلة المنتج نكسسموقع الويب http://www.google.com/nexus/7/أهم التواريختاريخ الإصدار 2013توقف الإصدار 25 أبريل 2015[1] الوظائفالشاشة شاشة لمس إل سي ديالكاميرا - الخلفية:5- الأمامية:1.2الإدخال مقياس تسارع، جيروسكوب، نظام ال...

Piercarlo Beretta (in piedi, a sinistra) nel 1952, in veste di commissario tecnico della nazionale italiana. Piercarlo Beretta detto Carlino (Gardone Val Trompia, 1908 – Gardone Val Trompia, 5 marzo 1984) è stato un imprenditore e dirigente sportivo italiano. Fu personaggio poliedrico, erede della più antica casa industriale del mondo, posseduta da 480 anni dalla sua famiglia, la Beretta. Biografia Carlino Beretta era un industriale di stampo antico, riservato e schivo di pubblicità, uno...

 

This article is about all-time records. For a season-by-season statistical breakdown, see List of Melbourne Victory FC seasons. Leigh Broxham has the record for the most appearances for the Victory. Melbourne Victory Football Club is an Australian professional association football club based at the Melbourne Rectangular Stadium. The club was formed in 2004. The list encompasses the honours won by Melbourne Victory, records set by the club, their managers and their players. The player records...

 

For the TV anime adaptation, see Blue Dragon (TV series).For sea slug, see Glaucus atlanticus. 2006 video gameBlue DragonDeveloper(s)MistwalkerArtoonPublisher(s)Microsoft Game StudiosDirector(s)Takuya MatsumotoProgrammer(s)Shinji IsekiArtist(s)Akira ToriyamaYoshihito TakahashiWriter(s)Hironobu SakaguchiAtsuhiro TomiokaComposer(s)Nobuo UematsuSeriesBlue DragonPlatform(s)Xbox 360ReleaseJP: December 7, 2006EU: August 24, 2007NA: August 28, 2007AU: August 30, 2007Genre(s)Role-playing video gameM...

Astylidius Astylidius parvus Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Arthropoda Kelas: Insecta Ordo: Coleoptera Famili: Cerambycidae Genus: Astylidius Astylidius adalah genus kumbang tanduk panjang yang tergolong famili Cerambycidae. Genus ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Coleoptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia. Larva kumbang dalam genus ini biasanya mengebor ke dalam kayu dan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada batang kayu hidup atau kayu yang telah ditebang. ...

 

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Januari 2023. Hamada adalah nama Jepang. Tokoh-tokoh dengan nama Jepang ini antara lain: Pemain sepak bola Jepang Katsuhiro Hamada Mizuki Hamada Takeshi Hamada Halaman-halaman lainnya Semua halaman dengan Hamada Semua halaman dengan judul yang mengandung Hamada...

 

В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с такой фамилией, см. Плотников; Плотников, Владимир. Владимир Николаевич Плотников Депутат Государственной Думы ФС РФ 1993—2007, с 2016 Член Совета Федерации ФС РФ 25 марта 2009 — 25 сентября 2014 Предшественник Вадим Витальевич Артюхов Пре�...

Floating point redirects here. For other uses, see Floating point (disambiguation). Computer approximation for real numbers An early electromechanical programmable computer, the Z3, included floating-point arithmetic (replica on display at Deutsches Museum in Munich). In computing, floating-point arithmetic (FP) is arithmetic that represents subsets of real numbers using an integer with a fixed precision, called the significand, scaled by an integer exponent of a fixed base. Numbers of this f...

 

Convair CV-240 adalah sebuah pesawat Amerika yang diproduksi oleh Convair 1947-1954, awalnya sebagai pengganti mungkin dari Douglas DC-3. Menampilkan desain yang lebih modern dengan kabin bertekanan, seri 240 membuat beberapa terobosan sebagai pesawat komersial dan juga memiliki siklus pengembangan yang panjang yang mengakibatkan sejumlah varian sipil dan militer. Meskipun berkurang dalam jumlah, yang Convairliners dalam berbagai bentuk terus terbang ke abad ke-21. Referensi Frawley, Gerald....

 

This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (December 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Location of Kazakhstan in the world Part of a series on the History of Kazakhstan Ancient Scythia SakaWusunKangju Kingdom Huns Khanates Rouran 330–555 Turkic (Göktürks) 552–745 Karluk 665–744 Kimek 743–1220 Oghuz 750–1055 Kara-Khanid 840–1...

Railway station in west Wales PantyffynnonGeneral informationLocationPantyffynnon, CarmarthenshireWalesCoordinates51°46′44″N 3°59′49″W / 51.779°N 3.997°W / 51.779; -3.997Grid referenceSN622107Managed byTransport for WalesPlatforms2Other informationStation codePTFClassificationDfT category F2Key dates1841OpenedPassengers2018/19 3,6322019/20 3,4422020/21 822021/22 1,4282022/23 2,404 Listed Building – Grade IIFeaturePantyffynnon Railway StationDesignated12 M...

 

Form of mixed climbing on bare rock Part of a series onClimbingClimber dry-tooling in the Alps Lists Climbers Piolet d'Or winners IFSC victories Equipment Knots Historical events Grade milestones Eight-thousanders Terminology Types of rock climbing Aid Big wall Multi-pitch Bouldering Highball Competition Speed Free Sport Traditional Solo Free solo Deep-water solo Rope solo Top roping Types of mountaineering Alpine Mixed Via ferrata Himalayan Alpine style Expedition style Ice Dry-tooling Scram...

 

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: content overlap with Qanat and huge blocks of text that are hard to read. Please help improve this article if you can. (August 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Most rivers in Iran are seasonal and have traditionally not been able to supply the needs of urban settlements. Major rivers like the Arvand, Aras, Zayandeh, Sefid and Atrak were few and far between in Persia. With the grow...

New York Naval MilitiaNew York Naval Militia InsigniaActive1891–presentCountry United States of AmericaAllegiance State of New YorkTypeNaval militiaSize2,800 (approximately)Part ofNew York State Division of Military and Naval AffairsWebsitedmna.ny.gov/nynm/CommandersGovernor of New YorkKathy HochulCommanderRear Admiral Michael Perry[1]Deputy CommanderCaptain David H. HawleyMilitary unit The New York Naval Militia is the naval militia of the state of New York, and is u...

 

Sports season2015 Arena Football League seasonLeagueArena Football LeagueSportArena footballDurationMarch 27, 2015 – August 29, 2015Regular seasonSeason championsSan Jose SaberCatsSeason MVPDan Raudabaugh (PHI)League postseasonAmerican Conference championsJacksonville Sharks  American Conference runners-upPhiladelphia SoulNational Conference championsSan Jose SaberCats  National Conference runners-upArizona RattlersArenaBowl XXVIIIChampionsSan Jose SaberCats  R...